Eitelhan's long coat

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Albrecht Dürer: Eitelhans long coat
Coat of arms of the long coat from the rafter

Eitelhans Langenmantel (* around 1480 in Leitershofen ; † May 11, 1528 in Weissenhorn ) was a member of the Augsburg patrician family Langenmantel vom Sparren and a martyr of the Anabaptist movement . He must not be confused with the younger Eitel Hans Langenmantel, son of the Augsburg mayor Hans Langenmantel , who returned ruefully to his hometown after a dissolute "Landsknechtleben". Eitelhans Langenmantel is an ancestor of the third US President Thomas Jefferson .

Life

Nothing is known about the childhood and youth of Eitelhan Langenmantel. There is evidence of his marriage in 1501 to Katharina Wieland, who died six years after the wedding. From this marriage a daughter named Anna emerged, who later married Joachim Hechstetter. The couple belong to the ancestors of the American President Thomas Jefferson on their mother's side . The tax lists of the city of Augsburg show that Langenmantel was wealthy.

In his writings, which appeared in 1526 and 1527, Langenmantel attacked Roman Catholicism and - much more sharply in tone - the still young Lutheran Reformation movement. He introduced them as the "new papists "; they are false prophets, "wolves tearing inside" and are even more captivated by greed than the "old papists". At the center of his attack was Martin Luther's doctrine of the Lord's Supper , which he contrasted with a Zwinglian understanding of the Lord's Supper , reminiscent of Karlstadt in some features .

Through the publication of the writings and the attacks contained therein, Eitelhans Langenmantel attracted the hostility of the evangelical clergy. In March 1527 he was imprisoned, but only a few days later - strictly warned - released again. Based on various indications, Friedrich Roth suspects that Langenmantel received the baptism from Hans Hut shortly before his capture in March 1527 . This baptism remained hidden from the authorities. Langenmantel's first writing already makes his spiritual home in Anabaptist circles probable, even if he does not expressly take a position there on the question of baptism. After his release, Langenmantel worked for a few months within the Augsburg Anabaptist Congregation without holding an official position there. He is also not mentioned by name as a participant in the so-called Augsburg Synod of Martyrs , which took place from August 20 to 24, 1527. It is also unknown to which of the three Augsburg Anabaptist communities Langenmantel belonged. When, however, in September 1527, after the synod of martyrs, a wave of arrests began against the Augsburg Anabaptists, Eitelhans Langenmantel was among the prisoners. Since he suffered from a severe foot disease, he was brought to the Augsburg City Hall for the trial under strict guard. There he was subjected to both amicable and embarrassing interrogations . The extent to which he remained steadfast can only be guessed at. The fact that he was only expelled from the city of Augsburg in mid-October 1527 speaks against it.

Langenmantel frequently changed his place of residence in the following years. First he can be found in Göggingen in the house of the Baptist Laux Lang , from January 1528 in Langenneufnach near Dinkelscherben . Here, too, he was not safe from the Swabian Federation's cavalry squadrons, who were looking for the Anabaptists in the entire region between Augsburg and Ulm . For a long time, he therefore hid in a tavern in the woods west of Augsburg. From there his escape took him to Leitershofen at the gates of Augsburg. Finally, he decided to return to the imperial city despite the expulsion that had been issued to him . He hid there for three weeks in his brother Bernhard Langenmantel's house, but returned to Leitershofen in April 1528. Here he was arrested by the henchmen of the Swabian League, brought to Weißenhorn with eight other captured Anabaptists and executed there on May 11, 1528 , together with his servant and maid . While Langenmantel and his servant were beheaded , his maid was drowned .

Christening succession

At Eitehans Langemantel (March 1527) the line of baptismal succession goes through Hans Hut (Whitsun 1526), Hans Denck (spring 1526), Balthasar Hubmaier (Easter 1525), Wilhelm Reublin (January 1525), Jörg Blaurock (January 1525) to Konrad Grebel (January 1525). The dates in brackets indicate the respective baptism date. Evidence of this can be found in the biography articles of the persons mentioned.

Works

Eitelhans Langenmantel is the author of three works on the question of the Lord's Supper . They were printed and published by the Augsburg book printer Philipp Ulhart . Another book, which defends the position of the Anabaptists against attacks, was also published in Augsburg in 1527 and is attributed to Langenmantel as the author.

Probably the earliest extant Anabaptist sermon comes from Eitelhans Langenmantel. He gave it in 1527. The biblical text basis of his sermon, in which he called for repentance and a change of life, was the book of the prophet Jeremiah , chapters 7 : 3-4 and chapter 9: 8.

  • This is ain anzayg: ainem think that somebody who is closely related to him about his hard counterpart, the sacrament and otherwise concerning EHL (slca) , 1526
  • A short Begryff Von Alten und Newen Papisten, also from the right wing and were Christians , 1526 ( digitized at Commons )
  • Ayn kurtzer anzayg, as Do. Martin Luther ain zeyt hear, has left several writings out of the Sacrament, which are straight against each other, how will his kingdom then exist. Matthei 12.Eitelhans long coat , 1527
  • A divine and thorough revelation: from the true reefers: with divine warhait , Augsburg 1527

literature

  • Friedrich Blendinger:  Long coat, Eitelhans. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 586 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000 year celebration of the city of Augsburg , Augsburg 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5 , pp. 69–74
  • Friedrich Roth : On the history of the Anabaptists in Upper Swabia II . Special print 1900 MDZ .
  • Friedrich Roth: The high point of the Anabaptist movement in Augsburg and its decline in 1528 , in: Journal of the Historisches Verein für Schwaben and Neuburg , vol. 28, Augsburg 1901, pp. 1–154
  • Karl Schottenloher: Philipp Ulhart, an Augsburg printer and helper of the "enthusiasts" and "Anabaptists" (1523–1529) , in: Historical research and sources , No. 4, Munich and Freising 1921
  • Ludwig Keller:  Long coat, Eitelhans . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1883, p. 670 f.

Web links

Commons : Eitelhans Langenmantel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ Friedrich Roth: On the life story of Eitelhans Langenmantel von Augsburg , in: On the history of the Anabaptists in Oberschwaben II , p. 2ff
  2. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000th anniversary of the city of Augsburg , Augsburg 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5 , p. 69
  3. ^ Family tree of US President Thomas Jefferson ; Accessed February 21, 2009
  4. ^ Friedrich Roth: On the life story of Eitelhans Langenmantel von Augsburg , in: On the history of the Anabaptists in Oberschwaben II , p. 3
  5. ↑ USA: Thomas Jefferson and the grapevines from Rhein-Main ; Accessed July 26, 2013
  6. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000 year celebration of the city of Augsburg , Augsburg 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5 , pp. 69f
  7. ↑ Eitelhans long coat: A short term from the old and new Papists, also from the right and true Christians , 1526
  8. ↑ Eitelhan's long coat: A brief display of how Dr. Martin Luther a time ago let a number of writings go out from the sacrament, but they were straight against each other , 1527
  9. ^ Friedrich Roth: On the life story of Eitelhans Langenmantel von Augsburg , in: On the history of the Anabaptists in Oberschwaben II , S4f
  10. ^ Friedrich Roth: On the life story of Eitelhans Langenmantel von Augsburg , in: On the history of the Anabaptists in Oberschwaben II , p. 17
  11. ↑ There were three Anabaptist house meetings in 1527: House church of the weaver Gall Fischer; House church of the nestler Konrad Huber; House church of the butcher Matheis Finder
  12. ^ Friedrich Roth: Augsburgs Reformationsgeschichte , Vol. 1, p. 234
  13. ^ Wilhelm Wiswedel: Images and leaders from the Anabaptism , vol. 2, Kassel 1930, p. 83
  14. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000 year celebration of the city of Augsburg , Augsburg 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5 , p. 72; Laux was a brother of the Salzburg Archbishop and Cardinal Matthäus Lang
  15. ^ Hans Guderian: The Anabaptists in Augsburg. Their history and their legacy. A contribution to the 2000th anniversary of the city of Augsburg , Augsburg 1984, ISBN 3-7787-2063-5 , p. 73
  16. ↑ See article: HANS LANGMANTEL WITH HIS MANSERVANT AND MAIDSERVANT, AD 1529 Märtyrerspiegel , Part II, online; Accessed March 1, 2010
  17. ↑ John Wenger: The Biblizismus der Anabaptist , in: Das Anabaptertum. Legacy and obligation (Ed. Guy F. Hershberger), Stuttgart 1963, p. 161
  18. ↑ This publication is anonymous. Langenmantel's authorship, however, is likely - not least because of the counter- writ against the new baptismal requests written by the servants of the Evangelii in Augspurg . Necessary warning to all believers in Christ , dated September 6, 1527.
personal data
SURNAME Long coat, Eitelhans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Long coat, Vain Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Patrician, Baptist martyr
DATE OF BIRTH around 1480
PLACE OF BIRTH Leitershofen
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1528
Place of death Weissenhorn