Silverstoneia

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Silverstoneia
Silverstoneia flotator

Silverstoneia flotator

Systematics
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Superfamily : Dendrobatoidea
Family : Poison Dart Frogs (Dendrobatidae)
Subfamily : Colostethinae
Genre : Silverstoneia
Scientific name
Silverstoneia
Grant et al., 2006

Silverstoneia is a genus of poison dart frogs (Dendrobatidae). It consists of three known species that can be found in southern Central America . Other species are currently being validated, but have not yet been described. The genus is named after Phillip A. Silverstone , a well-known researcher in the field of poison dart frogs.

features

The genus Silverstoneia was described on the basis of morphological and molecular biological characteristics. Above all, conspicuous features of the larval morphology are characteristic. The larvae have an umbrella-like widened (umbelliform) mouth that can be turned inside out on the back. With this physique, they are adapted for feeding from the surface of the water. In addition, the lower keratin teeth present in other poison dart frogs are missing , and skin lamellae are formed on the edge of the mouth field.

The very small adult animals are characterized by a comparatively uniform, cryptic coloration, with a complete ventrolateral stripe , a light lateral stripe and, except for Silverstoneia flotator, no dorsolateral stripe . The animals lack the skin toxins and the third finger of the hand is swollen.

distribution

The three species of the genus are distributed from Costa Rica to Colombia in the southern Valle de Cauca . The genus does not occur in South America east of the Andes . As a habitat, the animals inhabit the layer of leaves in the rainforests of the lowlands below 1,600 meters.

Way of life

All species are diurnal and feed on small insects. For reproduction, they are dependent on small streams and rivulets, from which they, however, move away outside of the mating season.

Systematics

The genus Silverstoneia was discovered in 2006 by Grant et al. Introduced as part of a comprehensive revision of the poison dart frogs. S. nubicola is considered to be a type of the genus . All species previously belonged to the genus Colostethus and were hived off as a separate taxon. As Schwestertaxon is Epipedobates considered and, together with the genera Colostethus and Ameerega they are the subfamily colostethinae allocated within the tree dart.

species

As of October 23, 2017

After its establishment, the genus contained three species, whereby some populations assigned to S. flotator in Panama and Costa Rica showed clear differences to the nominate form and investigations were carried out to determine whether they might represent their own species.

In 2013, as announced by Taran S. Grant in 2006, five more species were described:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Taran S. Grant , Darrel R. Frost, JP Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, Celio FB Haddad, PJR Kok, DB Means, BP Noonan, WE Schargel, William C. Wheeler: Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relative (Amphibia, Athesphatanura, Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 299, 2006.
  2. ↑ Taran S. Grant, CW Myers: Review of the frog genus Silverstoneia, with descriptions of five new species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae). American Museum Novitates, 3784, pp. 1-58, 2013

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