Ameerega
Ameerega | ||||||||||||
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![]() Ameerega trivittata |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Ameerega | ||||||||||||
Bauer , 1986 |
The genus Ameerega belongs to the family of South American poison dart frogs , which are often referred to as poison dart frogs. The genus was established in 1986 by L. Bauer. The type species of the genus Ameerega is Ameerega trivittata .
features
The genus Ameerega belongs to the subfamily Colostethinae . It is characteristic of these that their back skin is not smooth and shiny, as is the case with most species of the subfamily Dendrobatinae . But while the dorsal skin of the other genera of the Colostethinae is irregularly littered with more or less clearly raised or conical small warts, which lie close together in the rear area of the back and on the thighs and become sparse or absent towards the front, the skin is with the species of the genus Ameerega uniformly granular in structure. This feature also distinguishes the genus Ameerega from the genus Epipedobates , from which it was separated out after a complete revision of the poison dart frogs in 2006.
The first finger is longer than the second. The third finger is swollen in sexually mature males. During courtship , the female takes a crouched position in front of the male. The male clasps the head of the female when mating.
distribution
With a few exceptions, the genus Ameerega is native to the east of the Andes . Most species live in the lowlands, but some can be found up to 1400 m. Ameerega andina and Ameerega erythromos occur at moderate altitudes on the Pacific slopes of the Andes.
In Brazil , the frogs can be found from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás to the north and north-west of the Amazon basin . In western South America they occur from Bolivia via Peru and Ecuador to Colombia and Venezuela. Ameerega maculata from Panama is only known from one type specimen .
species
Many species were placed in the genus Ameerega in 2006 when they were separated from the genus Epipedobates . As a result, a number of species were newly described, two were placed in the re-established genus Paruwrobates in 2017 , so that 31 species are now known.
As of April 13, 2018
- Ameerega altamazonica Twomey & Brown, 2008
- Ameerega bassleri (Melin, 1941) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega berohoka Vaz-Silva & Maciel, 2011
- Ameerega bilinguis (Jungfer, 1989) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega boehmei Lötters, Schmitz, Reichle, Röder & Quennet, 2009
- Ameerega boliviana (Boulenger, 1902) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega braccata (Steindachner, 1864)
- Ameerega cainarachi (Schulte, 1989) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega flavopicta (Lutz, 1925) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega hahneli (Boulenger, 1883) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega ignipedis Brown & Twomey, 2009
- Ameerega ingeri (Cochran & Goin, 1970) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega labialis (Cope, 1874)
- Ameerega macero (Rodriguez & Myers, 1993) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega munduruku Neves, Silva, Akieda, Cabrera, Koroiva & Santana, 2017
- Ameerega parvula (Boulenger, 1882)
- Ameerega pepperi Brown & Twomey, 2009
- Ameerega peruviridis (Bauer, 1986)
- Ameerega petersi (Silverstone, 1976) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega picta (Tschudi, 1838) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega planipaleae (Morales & Velazco, 1998) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega pongoensis (Schulte, 1999) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega pulchripecta (Silverstone, 1976) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega rubriventris (Lötters, Debold, Henle, Glaw & Kneller, 1997)
- Ameerega shihuemoy Serrano-Rojas, Whitworth, Villacampa-Ortega, from May, Gutiérrez, Padial & Chaparro, 2017
- Ameerega silverstonei (Myers & Daly, 1979) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega simulans (Myers, Rodriguez & Icochea, 1998)
- Ameerega smaragdina (Silverstone, 1976) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824) (formerly in Epipedobates )
- Ameerega Yoshina Brown & Twomey, 2009
- Ameerega yungicola (Lötters, Schmitz and Reichle, 2005)
Ameerega andina and Ameerega erythromos were placed in the re-established genus Paruwrobates in 2017 as Paruwrobates andinus (Myers and Burrowes, 1987) and Paruwrobates erythromos (Vigle & Miyata, 1980) . Ameerega maculata (W. Peters, 1873) is now in the genus Epipedobates as Epipedobates maculatus .
Individual evidence
- ^ L. Bauer: A new genus and a new specific name in the dart poison frog family (Dendrobatidae, Anura, Amphibia). RIPA, November 1986, pp. 1-12, 1986
- ↑ a b T. Grant, DR Frost, JP Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, CFB Haddad, PJR Kok, DB Means, BP Noonan, WE Schargel, WC Wheeler: Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 299, pp. 1-262, 2006
- ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Ameerega Bauer, 1986 ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 2016, accessed June 14, 2016
- ↑ Evan M. Twomey & Jason L. Brown: A partial revision of the Ameerega hahneli complex (Anura: Dendrobatidae) and a new cryptic species from the East-Andean versant of Central Peru. Zootaxa, 1757, pp. 49-65, 2008
- ^ W. Vaz-Silva & NM Maciel: A new cryptic species of Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa, 2826, pp. 57-68, 2011
- ↑ Lötters, Schmitz, Reichle, Rödder & Quennet: Another case of cryptic diversity in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae: Ameerega) - description of a new species from Bolivia. Zootaxa, 2028, pp. 20-30, 2009
- ↑ a b c Jason L. Brown & Evan M. Twomey: Complicated histories: three new species of poison frogs of the genus Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from north ‐ central Peru. Zootaxa, 2049, pp. 1-38, 2009
- ^ M de O. Neves, LA da Silva, PS Akieda, R. Cabrera, R. Koroiva, and DJ Santana: A new species of poison frog, genus Ameerega (Anura: Dendrobatidae), from the southern Amazonian rain forest. Salamandra, 53, pp. 485-493, 2017.
- ↑ SJ Serrano-Rojas, A. Whitworth, J. Villacampa, R. von May, JM Padial, JC Chaparro: A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Manu province, Amazon region southeast of Peru, with notes on its natural history, bioacoustics, phylogenetics and recommended conservation status. Zootaxa, 4221, pp. 71-94, 2017
- ↑ Taran Grant, Marco Rada, Marvin Anganoy-Criollo, Abel Batista, Pedro Henrique Dias, Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel, Denis Jacob Machado, José Vicente Rueda-Almonacid: Phylogenetic Systematics of Dart-Poison Frogs and Their Relatives Revisited (Anura: Dendrobatoidea).
Web links
- Darrel R. Frost: Ameerega Bauer, 1986 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York 2016, accessed June 14, 2016
- Ameerega www.dendrowiki.org