Colostethinae
| Colostethinae | ||||||||||||
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Colostethus inguinalis from Colombia |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Colostethinae | ||||||||||||
| Cope , 1867 |
The Colostethinae are a subfamily of frogs from the tree dart frog family native to tropical Central and South America . There are four genera and 60 species.
Taxonomy
The colostethinae arise from a basal branch of the poison dart frog , while the other two subfamilies Hyloxalinae and Dendrobatinae are more closely related to each other. In the four genera of the Colostethinae there is a sister group relationship between Silverstoneia and Epipedobates on the one hand, and between Colostethus and Ameerega on the other.
| Poison Dart Frogs (Dendrobatidae) |
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- Phylogenetic relationships of the Colostethinae
Subfamily Colostethinae Cope, 1867
- Genus Ameerega Bauer, 1986
- Genus Colostethus Cope, 1866
- Genus Epipedobates Myers, 1987
- Type three-striped tree climber ( E. tricolor )
- Genus Silverstoneia Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel & Wheeler, 2006
features
The fourth finger is shortened. The first finger is longer than the second. The third finger is swollen in sexually mature males. During courtship , the female takes a crouched position in front of the male. The male clasps the head of the female when mating.
Geographical distribution
Colostethinae are found in the tropical belt of Central and South America . Most species are distributed from the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás over most of the Amazon basin to the eastern slopes of the Andes from Bolivia to Venezuela . In addition, the distribution area extends from southwest Costa Rica to southwest Ecuador along the Pacific coast and to the Andes and the valleys in between in Colombia .
Way of life
The Colostethinae are diurnal inhabitants of the tropical rainforest . In the courtship ritual, the female crouches, but does not actively slide under the male. The male clasps the head of the female when mating. The tadpoles are transported on their backs by adult, usually male animals. With some representatives of Colostethus , however, this behavior occurs in the females. The tadpoles grow on the ground in standing or flowing water.
Hazard and protection
In the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN are most types of colostethinae of Least Concern (Least Concern) to Near Threatened (low risk early warning list) classified. Ameerega cainarachi is classified as Vulnerable , Colostethus mertensi and C. ruthveni as Endangered , A. ingeri , A. planipaleae and C. jacobuspetersi as Critically Endangered (critically endangered). Insufficient data are available for a number of species. Most of the representatives of the Colostethinae are listed in Appendix II of the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species .
Web links
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- ↑ a b c d T. Grant, DR Frost, JP Caldwell, R. Gagliardo, CFB Haddad, PJR Kok, DB Means, BP Noonan, WE Schargel & WC Wheeler (2006): Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 299, 262 pp. PDF online
- ↑ Colostethinae Cope, 1867 . Darrel Frost and The American Museum of Natural History. 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
- ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
- ↑ CITES . www.cites.org. Retrieved November 21, 2011.