Sisu K-44

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Sisu
Sisu K-44SP dump truck
Sisu K-44SP dump truck
K-44
Manufacturer: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab , Karis , Finland
Production period: 1959-1965
Previous model: none
Successor: Sisu K-145
Technical specifications
Engines: Leyland 6-cyl. In-line diesel

The Sisu K-44 was a 4 × 4 + 2 powered truck produced by the Finnish vehicle manufacturer Suomen Autoteollisuus (SAT). It was produced between 1959 and 1965. The most common uses were transporting wood or as a dump truck. The K-44 was recognized for its excellent climbing ability. The legally permissible maximum payload was between 7800 and 11,750 kg and with a trailer up to 20,000 kg. The K-44 was powered by Leyland diesel engines with outputs between 85.8 and 156.7 kW.

The successor model was the Sisu K-145.

planning

In the 1960s, semi-trailers were widely used for transporting timber. The maximum permissible axle load of the existing 4 × 4 Sisu K-40 was often exceeded when transporting wood. The solution was a truck with an additional, non-driven third axle at the rear, designed as a tandem axle with the rear drive axle. The new model, the Sisu K-44 , was introduced in 1959, with a choice of different engine sizes in both the Kontio middleweight and heavy Jyry classes. The driven front axle and the split gear housing were taken over from the K-40 on the K-44. The tandem axle, of which only the first axle was driven, came from the K-34. This type of drive, called 4 × 4 + 2, is rarely used outside of Finland. However, Vanajan Autotehdas , one of SAT's main domestic competitors, had already introduced a similarly configured vehicle a year earlier.

properties

Sisu K-44ST in its typical use: the removal of wood in the field

With the Sisu K-44, special emphasis was placed on good off-road capabilities. The special mechanism of the non-driven rear axle gives a maximum climbing ability of 86% with a coefficient of friction of μ = 0.65, with the rear axle raised, because this increases the proportion of the maximum vehicle weight. Comparable other models in 6 × 4 construction, on the other hand, make up 55% and 6 × 2 trucks only make up 29%. On the other hand, with the rear axle lowered, the load is distributed over a larger contact area in soft terrain.

The K-44 was around 27% more expensive than the corresponding Sisu K-34 6 × 2 with a non-powered front axle and the same capacity.

The Leyland O.375 engine used in early Kontio -Sisu K-44SU models was an evolution of the O.350 engine that had gained a solid reputation in Sisu trucks since the early 1950s. The performance of the O.375 improved Leyland's reputation as an engine manufacturer. On the other hand, the O.400 engine introduced in 1962 could not convince because the cylinder liners broke. Although this shortcoming was soon remedied, the problems with the O.400 damaged the reputation of Leyland as well as Sisu.

The powerful and reliable Leyland O.680 engines on the heavy Jyry- Sisu K-44 model had helped Sisu become the market leader in heavy-duty trucks in Finland. The new O.680 Power Plus engine introduced in 1963 caused problems, however , because the engine suffered from “teething troubles”. The Jyrys were the first trucks to use this engine.

use

Although the K-44 was originally developed as a tractor unit, the truck was soon used to pull conventional two-axle trailers, which allowed a significantly higher overall weight.

Some of the Jyry versions with a removable platform were delivered to the Finnish Armed Forces in 1965.

Technical specifications

engine

There were five different Leyland Motors diesel engines for the K-44. First, the medium-sized models of the Kontio class with 85.8 kW (117 PS ; 115 hp) were equipped with the Leyland O.375 engine. These were equipped in 1962 with the Leyland engine O.400 with 100.7 kW (137 PS; 135 hp), which had an 18% higher output power and a 15% higher torque , but only a little over 6 % larger displacement .

In the heavy Jyry class of the K-44ST, the Leyland engine O.600 with 109.7 kW (149 PS; 147 hp) was used, while the K-44SP with the Leyland engine O.680 with 123.1 kW (167 PS; 165 hp) was available. Later models of the K-44SP were also available with the 156.7 kW (213 PS; 210 hp) Leyland O.680 "Power Plus" engine.

All engines were in-line six-cylinder diesels with direct injection and dry cylinder liners . The light metal pistons were equipped with three pressure rings and two oil control rings. The crankshaft was supported by seven main bearings. The injection pump , which was operated with 24 volts, was supplied by CAV. A gear-driven compressor was standard.

Engine data K-44SU Kontio K-44SV Kontio K-44ST Jyry K-44SP Jyry K-44BP Jyry
Make and model Leyland O.375 Leyland O.400 Leyland O.600 Leyland O.680 Leyland O.680 "Power Plus"
Engine code
( SAT nomenclature) 		AMU AMV AMT AMP BMP
description 6-cyl. In-line diesel 6-cyl. In-line diesel 6-cyl. In-line diesel 6-cyl. In-line diesel 6-cyl. In-line diesel
Displacement 6 160 cm³ 6 540 cc 9,800 cm³ 11 100 cc 11 100 cc
Maximum power 85.8 kW / 2400 rpm 100.7 kW / 2400 rpm 109.7 kW / 2100 rpm 123.1 kW / 2100 rpm 156.7 kW / 2000 rpm
Max. Torque 382 Nm / 1100 rpm 441 Nm / 1600 rpm 583 Nm / 1100 rpm 665 Nm / 1100 rpm 765 Nm / 1200 rpm
Compression ratio 16: 1 16: 1 15.75: 1 15.75: 1 15.75: 1
Fuel consumption 228 g / kWh 228 g / kWh 214 g / kWh 214 g / kWh 228 g / kWh

Power transmission

Sisu K-44SU engine and transmission. 1 = motor (Leyland O.375), 2 = main gear, 3 = secondary gear, 4 = drive axle of the tandem

Clutch and transmission

The single-disk dry clutch had a diameter of 412 mm and torsional damping made of rubber. The early Kontio models were fitted with a five-speed gearbox , while the heavy Jyry was fitted with a six-speed gearbox. The sixth gear was designed as an overdrive . There was no synchronization , but the ends of the teeth on the gears were beveled to make it easier to shift gears. An additional power output shaft was optionally available to drive additional functions, such as the tipping mechanism for tipper bodies.

The transmission of the medium-duty Kontio model was changed in 1962 when the 85.8 kW Leyland O.375 engine was replaced by the 100.7 kW O.400 engine. Since the new engine delivered its power at a much higher speed, which was 1600 rpm instead of 1100 rpm, and this resulted in very different torque curves, a six-speed gearbox was now used in which the lower gears were changed while the upper courses remained roughly the same.

An important component was a transfer case with a torque distributor that was located between the main gearbox and the tandem axle. The torque distributor contained a two-stage reduction gear and a center differential. The transfer case was available in two versions with slightly different low gears. The “AVV” model had a slower gear ratio of 2.48: 1, while the “AVD” variant had a gear ratio of 2.47: 1. The front axle was also driven with the slow transmission. The “AVD” variant contained a planetary gearbox that distributed the torque in a ratio of 23:77 to the front and driven rear axles.

Tandem axle

The tandem axle of the Sisu K-44

The front of the two tandem axles is driven. When fully loaded, the front axle bears around 62% of the total weight on the tandem. The rear, non-driven axle is connected to the driven axle by a simple mechanism consisting of 3.5 inch wide and 1500 mm long leaf springs and rocker arms. To improve traction when the engine torque increases, a mechanism shifts the load on the rear axles in the direction of the driven rear axle. This can also be done manually while standing with a mechanical system consisting of a spring and rocker arm and an electro-hydraulic system. To reduce fuel consumption and tire wear, the rear rear axle can also be raised, which also reduces the turning circle.

The wheel size is 7.5-20 "and each wheel is fastened by ten nuts. Both axles on the tandem are equipped with double wheels, apart from the type K-44ST which has single wheels on the non-driven axle.

The normal wheelbase of the tandem is 1150 mm. Alternative wheelbases of 1200 mm and 1270 mm are included in the manufacturer's data sheets.

In the early versions of the tandem, the driven axle was identical to that of the middleweight Kontio and the heavy Jyry versions. The "ATK" type axle was developed by SAT and was based on the "ATD" type that was originally developed for models from the early 1950s. The “ATK” axis turned out to be sufficiently dimensioned in the Kontio models, but too weak for the Jyry models, whereupon SAT developed the “BTK” type for the heavier variants in the early 1960s.

The axle housing is a welded construction consisting of molded steel parts. The transaxle is a hypoid drive .

Front axle

The driven front axle contains a double reduction and a locking differential . The steering knuckles are supported by tapered roller bearings and the drive shafts are equipped with constant velocity joints . The wheel hubs contain planetary gears, a small differential unit is built in to allow greater ground clearance. The front suspension has 3.5 inch wide and 1500 mm long leaf springs and telescopic shock absorbers. The wheel size is 8.0-20 ", and secured with ten nuts.

Brakes

In the earlier models, hydraulically operated drum brakes with pneumatic assistance were installed. S-cam brakes based on a SAT design are installed in later K-44 models. SAT advertised these brakes as being particularly robust and stable thanks to their cast shoes and thick anchor pin. The handbrake is mechanical and acts directly on a drum brake.

A manually operated trailer brake system and exhaust brake were available as optional accessories.

Cab and other equipment

Jyry-Sisu K-44BP with the so-called tropical cooler, which ensures better engine cooling

The standard cab contains space for the driver and two passengers. An extended cabin with a bed was available as an option. Both cabs were insulated and clad on the inside. The heating system was equipped with air vents for the windshield for dehumidification. The dashboard was equipped with a speedometer plus an odometer. There were also displays for the water temperature, oil pressure, fuel gauge and a voltmeter. A display for the air pressures in the brake systems was equipped with warning lights and various other warning lights, for example for too long triggering of the electro-hydraulic system of the rear axles.

A compressor driven by the engine supplied the servo system for the hydraulic brake circuit. The compressed air system also included a filter, a 40-liter tank with a drain valve and its own anti-freeze system, as well as a valve from which the wheels could be inflated using a hose.

A tachometer and tachograph were optional. Hydraulic power steering was available as an option for the worm steering gear.

The 12/24 V electrical system contained two 135 Ah batteries. The power could be switched by a manually operated circuit breaker in the cabin.

The 120 liter fuel tank was located below the cab on the left side of the vehicle. A 200 liter tank was available as an option.

Also available as an option was a front cable winch with a capacity of 8–10 tons, which was driven from the reduction gear through a “multi-joint shaft” and worm gear. The direction of the winch could be reversed with the reduction gear.

Dimensions and weights

The fully loaded maximum vehicle weight in the table below follows the Finnish legislation of the time and is not necessarily the same as in the manufacturer's specifications.

The technically permissible weights were collected in 1967 after production of the K-44 had already ended. For certain applications, such as on construction sites, a special permit could be granted that allowed an even higher maximum total weight of 21,500 kg for a fully loaded heavy Jyry -Sisu K-44.

The truck was 7,945 to 10,495 mm long, 2320 mm wide and 2750 mm high.

Chassis version / wheelbase 3 600 mm + 1150 mm 4,000 mm + 1,150 mm 4 150 mm + 1150 mm 4,500 mm + 1150 mm 5 400 mm + 1150 mm
Dimensions
Length (K-44SU / SV) 6,760 mm 7 160 mm - 7 660 mm -
Length (K-44ST) 7,945 mm - 8 445 mm 8,995 mm 10 495 mm
Length (K-44SP / BP) 7,945 mm - 8,645 mm 8,995 mm 10 495 mm
Weights from the Kontio
Empty weight (K-44SU / SV) 5 400 kg 5 620 kg - 5 680 kg -
Total weight (K-44SU / SV) 13 600 kg 14 200 kg - 14 200 kg -
Weights from Jyry
Empty weight (K-44ST) 6 200 kg - 6 175 kg 6 175 kg 6 200 kg
Total weight (K-44ST) 14,000 kg - 14 800 kg 14 800 kg 14 800 kg
Empty weight (K-44SP / BP) 6 440 kg - 6 400 kg 6 650 kg 6 750 kg
Total weight (K-44SP / BP) 17 400 kg - 16,000 kg 18 400 kg 18 400 kg

The total weight of the Sisu K-44SP with the Sisu FA-22 or FA-32 trailer was 30,000 kg in 1962 and the payload was between 19,600 and 20,000 kg.

literature

  • Markku Mäkipirtti: Sisu ( Finnish ) (= Ajoneuvot Suomessa), 2nd edition, Volume 4, Apali Oy, Tampere, ISBN 978-952-5877-05-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sisu tuotteiden syntymävuodet . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (Ed.): Sisuviesti . No. 2./1981, 1981, p. 23. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Sisua.net - Sisu K-44ST ja K-44SP; Jyry-Sisu (4 × 4 + 2) page 1 . Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Mäkipirtti: Sisu K-40 4 × 4. Pp. 54-55.
  4. ↑ a b c Mäkipirtti: Sisu K-44 4 × 4 + 2. P. 44.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Mäkipirtti: Sisu Jyry 4 × 4 + 2. Pp. 64-69.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g Jyry-Sisu -sarja . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): Sisu-Uutiset . No. 4./1962, 1962, pp. 13-14.
  7. ↑ a b Mäkipirtti: K-sarjan Kontiot. P. 36.
  8. ↑ Mäkipirtti: moottorit Jyryn. P. 51.
  9. ↑ Vaihtolava-autoja eri tarkoituksiin. . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): Sisu-Uutiset . No. 12./1965, 1962, p. 14.
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Mäkipirtti: Sisu UM-138 erikoisen matala. P. 71.
  11. ↑ a b c Sisu K-44SU (4 × 4 + 2) nelipyörävetoinen kuorma-auton alusta teliakselistolla - etuakselisto ja telin etummainen akselisto vetävä / tekniset tiedot . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): An original photocopied brochure . 1960, p. 6.
  12. ↑ a b Sisu K-137SV ohjekirja . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (Ed.): User manual . No. 116/1263, 1963.
  13. ↑ a b Sisu K-149BP ohjekirja . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (Ed.): User manual . No. 140/1066, 1966.
  14. ↑ a b c d e Mäkipirtti: Sisu K-34 6 × 2. P. 45.
  15. ↑ Sisu K-26SU (4 × 4) Kontio-Sisu . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): An original photocopied brochure . 1960, p. 4.
  16. ↑ a b Kalevi Kakko: Miksi Kontio-Sisussa on uusi vaihteisto? . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): Sisu-Uutiset . No. 12./1963, 1962, p. 10.
  17. ↑ Jakovaihteistot AVD 03 yes 04 . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (Ed.): SAT Service Bulletin . No. 1960-09-20, 1960.
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Sisua.net - Sisu K-44ST ja K-44SP; Jyry-Sisu (4 × 4 + 2) page 2 . Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Sisua.net - Sisu K-44ST ja K-44SP; Jyry-Sisu (4 × 4 + 2) page 3 . Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  20. ↑ a b Taulukko 1. Tärkeimmät Kontio- ja Jyry-Sisu -autot v. 1962; Taulukko 2. Tärkeimmät Sisu-perävaunuyhdistelmät v. 1962. . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): Sisu-Uutiset . No. 4./1962, 1962, pp. 14-15.
  21. ↑ Mäkipirtti: K-sarjan Jyryt. Pp. 46-47.
  22. ↑ Taulukko 1st . In: Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab (ed.): Sisu-Uutiset . No. 1-2./1967, 1967, p. 16.
  23. ↑ Sisua.net - Nelipyörävetoinen kuorma-auto K-44SU sivulta katsottuna. . Oy Suomen Autoteollisuus Ab. Retrieved June 16, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Sisu K-44  - Collection of Images