Carrot root

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Carrot root
Carrot borer (Sitochroa palealis)

Carrot borer ( Sitochroa palealis )

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Sitochroa
Type : Carrot root
Scientific name
Sitochroa palealis
( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)
Caterpillar on wild carrot

The sitochroa palealis ( Sitochroa palealis ) is a butterfly from the family of Crambidae . The species is widespread across Europe.

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 26 to 32 millimeters (or a forewing length of 12 to 15 mm). The fore and hind wings are white to creamy white, often yellowish or slightly greenish in color. The wing veins are drawn in dark. In addition, the wings can be dusted with fine black dots. This over-dusting is intensified like spots at the outer end of the cell. In some specimens the beginning of an outer transverse line can be seen on the Kostal edge.

The greenish, yellowish or reddish caterpillar has striking black warts. It has a darker back line and darker side back lines as well as a yellowish-white colored head. Three black pinnacula per segment on either side of the back line are very striking.

The pupa is leather-brown with a papilose, in places also wrinkled, shiny surface. It measures 10.5–11.5 × 3.5–3.8 mm. The cremaster is relatively short and wide, rounded and flattened. There are four pairs of bristles in a dark, brown-colored field on each side of the Kremaster. They are short, relatively thick and curved like a hook.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread in Europe. It occurs from Portugal and Great Britain in the west to the Urals. In the north it penetrates to southern Norway, southern Sweden and southern Finland, in the south to Italy, Greece and North Africa. In the east, the area extends over Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Siberia ( Buryatia ) to the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea and northern China.

The species was first detected in the USA in 2004. Evidence over six years in four US states indicates that the species has already established itself there.

It occurs mainly in warm locations in the open landscape, e.g. B. meadows, clover fields and meadows and fields are relatively common.

Way of life

Sitochroa palealis forms two generations per year, the moths of which fly from May to September. The moths are predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal and come to artificial light sources. They are hidden in the vegetation during the day, but are easy to find. Occasionally they can also be observed during the day when visiting flowers. They suck nectar from flowers.

The caterpillars live z. Sometimes gregarious in webs in the umbels of various umbellifers such as wild carrot ( Daucus carota subsp. Carota ), mountain hairline ( Peucedanum oreoselinum ), steppe fennel ( Seseli annuum ), Prussian laser herb ( Laserpitium prutenium ), common meadow silage ( Silaum silaus ) and meadows Bear Claw ( Heracleum sphondylium ), whose inflorescences and seeds they eat. Pupation takes place after wintering in a loose silk cocoon in the ground.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kaltenbach & Küppers (1987: p. 262)
  2. ↑ a b Hannemann (1964: p. 368)
  3. ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33rd volume, issue 1, Linz 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  4. ↑ Zuhal Okyari, Selcuk Yurtsever, Nihat Aktaç and Gökhan Çakan: Some aspects of the moth (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) species diversity in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 5 (1): 104-120, 2009, ISSN  1584-9074
  5. ↑ Ayuna A. Shodotova: Pyralid Moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) of Buryatia: Family Pyraustidae. Entomological Review, 88 (5): 543-557, 2008 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873808050035
  6. ↑ Koji Takeuchi and Jun Takeuchi: Occurrence of Insect Pests in Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Field in Tokyo and Biological Notes on Sitochroa palealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Annual Report of the Kanto-Tosan Plant Protection Society, 56: 95-97, 2009, ISSN  1347-1899
  7. ↑ a b Steven Passoa, George Balogh and M. Alma Solis: Sitochroa palealis: A Palearctic Pyraustine Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) Newly Introduced to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 110 (2): 504-515, 2008 doi : 10.4289 / 07-089.1
  8. ↑ Slamka (1997: 22)

literature

  • Karl Eckstein: The butterflies of Germany 5th volume The small butterflies of Germany . KG Lutz Verlag, Stuttgart 1933, 222 pages.
  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Thomas Kaltenbach, Peter Victor Küppers: Small butterflies. Verlag J. Neudamm-Neudamm, Melsungen 1987, ISBN 3-7888-0510-2 .
  • František Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe. 2nd partially revised edition. Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5 .

Web links

Commons : Sitochroa palealis  - collection of images, videos and audio files