Slav Congress
As Slavs Congresses are called so-called Panslavic, Pan-Slavic, Allslawische or General Slavic congresses with the advent of Panslawismus , since the eve of the revolution in 1848 , in various cities of Central Europe and Eastern Europe were held.
These Slavic Congresses should not be confused with the scientific Slavic Congresses .
history
The unity of the Slavic peoples was debated in various forms at virtually all of these meetings , always without real results, but influenced by the z. T. rival ideas of the supporters of Austro-Slavism , Trialism , Pan-Russianism , Neo-Slavism etc. and displaced by the dispute over procedure, agenda and voting procedures.
Karl Marx wrote about the first Slavic Congress:
“The Bohemians and Croats called [...] a Slavic Congress in Prague, which was supposed to prepare the general fraternization of the Slavs. The congress would have failed completely without the intervention of the Austrian military. The various Slavic languages are just as different from one another as English, German and Swedish, and when the negotiations were opened there was no common Slavic language through which the speakers could make themselves understood. French was tried, but the majority did not understand it either, and the poor Slavic enthusiasts, whose only common feeling was their common hatred of the Germans, were eventually compelled to express themselves in the hated German language, as the only ones who that they all understood. At the same time another Slavic congress was meeting in Prague, in the form of Galician Uhlans, Croatian and Slovak grenadiers, and Bohemian gunners and cuirassiers; and this real, armed Slavic Congress under the command of Windischgrätz chased the founders of the imagined Slavic supremacy out of the city in less than twenty-four hours and scattered them to the wind. "
List of Slavic Congresses
The numbering of these conferences differs from each other (mostly: 1. in Prague , 2. in Moscow ) - each depending on which political direction called for them.
- April 1848 in Vienna (1st) - official chairmanship: Ľudovít Štúr ( Austro-Slavists )
- May 1848 in Breslau - especially Poland
- June 1848 in Prague (1st) - Chairman: František Palacký (only Russian: Michail Bakunin ). After the rejection of the demand for the federal transformation of Austria into a federation of peoples with equal rights, this congress led to the Whitsun uprising in Prague .
- 1866 in Vienna (2nd) - Chair: Agenor Gołuchowski ( trialists )
- 1867 in Moscow (2nd) - Fyodor Dostojewski (without the Poles)
- 1898 in Prague (3rd) - Young Czechs
- 1908 in Prague - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (?)
- 1909 in Sofia
- 1910 in Petersburg
- 1942 in Moscow - Chair: Josip Broz Tito , de facto, but Joseph Stalin
- 1946 in Belgrade - Josip Broz Tito
- 1998 in Prague (7.)
- 2001 in Moscow (8.)
- 2005 in Minsk (9.)
- 2017 in Moscow (10.)
Regional congresses in the USA
In the USA , further congresses of Slavic immigrants from North America came about: The merger z. B. The Serbs and Croats were promised in Chicago in 1915 , that of the Czechs and Slovaks in 1918, then in 1944 the common struggle of all Slavs against National Socialist Germany .
However, numerous smaller Slavic congresses of this or later times can no longer be described as Pan-Slavic , All-Slavic or general .
literature
- Andreas Moritsch (Ed.): The Prager Slavenkongress 1848 (= book series of the Institute for the Danube Region and Central Europe . Volume 7 ). Böhlau, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-205-99288-1 ( http://www.sehepunkte.de/2002/05/3235.html review on historicum.net).
Web links
- Historical original texts on the Slavs Congress in Prague 1848, University of Klagenfurt (PDF file; 189 kB)
- Wolfgang Eismann, Peter Deutschmann: National Movements in the 19th Century (PDF file; 16 pages, 147 kB), work for the University of Graz with a focus on Pan-Slavism and the national movements in East and Central Europe.
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Marx: Revolution and counter-revolution in Germany . Ed .: Karl Kautsky. Dietz, Stuttgart 1896, p. 64 .