Agenor Gołuchowski the Younger

Agenor Maria Adam Graf Gołuchowski (* 25. March 1849 in Lvov , Galicia ; † 28. March 1921 ) was a noble Polish -österreichischer politicians and kuk common Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary from 1895 to 1906. Because of the same name, he is his father also called Agenor Gołuchowski the Younger .

Agenor Gołuchowski the Younger

Coat of arms of Count Gołuchowski Graf von Gołuchowo

Life

Agenor Gołuchowski was the son of the interior minister and long-time governor of Galicia, Agenor Gołuchowski the Elder, and for years in the diplomatic service of the dual monarchy : 1872 as attaché in Berlin , 1880 legation councilor in Paris and from 1887 to 1893 chief envoy in Bucharest . In Paris he married Anna Murat (1863–1940), great-granddaughter of Joachim Murat , with whom he had three children. In 1893 he temporarily withdrew to his estates in Janów, East Galicia (today in Lviv Oblast ).

From 1875 he was, as his father's successor, also a conservative member of the manor house , the upper house of the Austrian Imperial Council and from 1907 chairman of the influential Poland Club , the parliamentary group of Polish members of the manor house. There, however, he did not play a particularly active role.

Foreign minister

Due to his successful work, he was appointed Austro-Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Imperial House in May 1895 . His foreign policy was a purely conservative and persistent one that carefully weighed the situation ; it lacked initiative and active conception . As foreign minister Gołuchowski negotiated during the Turkish-Greek war to Crete , the Austro-Russian agreement in April 1897 in St. Petersburg on retaining the status quo in the Balkans , which a decade of detente initiated. A compromise with Russia could also be found via Albania and Macedonia .

He was also able to improve relations with Great Britain and Italy during his tenure. With Italy, Gołuchowski agreed the status quo on the Albanian question in 1897 and 1900 respectively . He also followed the course of the status quo on the question of the change of Serbian dynasty after the murder of Aleksandar Obrenović in 1903. During the First Morocco Crisis , Gołuchowski supported the allied German Empire , which earned him the recognition of Kaiser Wilhelm as a "brilliant second". That hurt his position in Vienna, where he wanted independence from a powerful partner. On October 11, 1906, under pressure from Hungary , he had to resign during the so-called pig war with Serbia. Unlike his successor, Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal , he was averse to risks of any kind during his tenure, which was poor in high points.

First World War

During the First World War he advocated the Austro-Polish solution , the annexation of Congress Poland to the Habsburg monarchy . The German Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg confirmed to Gołuchowski the surrender of Russian Poland to the dual monarchy and Germany's preference for the trialist solution . Gołuchowski, who opposed the subdualistic plans of Foreign Minister Burián and a division of Galicia (separation of the Ukrainian eastern part as a separate crown land ), tried in Warsaw in September 1915 to win the Poles for a confederation with German-Hungarian-Polish supremacy. In early 1916 he even planned to overthrow the Hungarian Prime Minister István Tisza and replace him with Andrássy , a proponent of trialism, in order to establish trialism.

literature

• Friedrich Gottas: Gołuchowski, Agenor d. J. Graf . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Munich 1976, pp. 67-69
• Elfriede Hecht: Count Goluchowski as Foreign Minister with regard to Russia and the Balkans. Unprinted dissertation, Vienna 1951.
• Heinz Jankowsky: Count Agenor Maria Adam Gołuchowski the Younger and his Balkan policy. In: Władysław Kucharski (ed.): Polacy w austriackim parlamencie. The Poles in the Austrian Parliament. Publisher Wydawn. Multico, Lublin 1997, ISBN 83-86660-25-2 .
• Robert A. Kann :  Goluchowski, Agenor Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 638 ( digitized version ).
• Eva Wolf: The relations between Austria-Hungary and Germany under Goluchowski (1895–1906). Unprinted dissertation, Vienna 1967.
• Gołuchowski Agenor Maria Adam Graf. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 29 f. (Direct links on p. 29 , p. 30 ).

Web links

Commons : Agenor Maria Gołuchowski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Entry on Agenor Gołuchowski the Younger in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Gołuchowski Agenor Maria Adam Graf. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 29 f. (Direct links on p. 29 , p. 30 ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Robert A. Kann :  Goluchowski, Agenor Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 638 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Fritz Fellner, Heidrun Maschl (ed.): From the Triple Alliance to the League of Nations. Studies on the history of international relations 1882–1919 . Verlag für Geschichte und Politik, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7028-0333-5 , pp. 49 and 55.
4. ↑ Fritz Fellner, Heidrun Maschl (ed.): From the Triple Alliance to the League of Nations. Studies on the history of international relations 1882–1919 . Verlag für Geschichte und Politik, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-7028-0333-5 , p. 50.
5. ^ ^{A b} Heinz Lemke: Alliance and rivalry. The Central Powers and Poland in the First World War . Verlag Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1977, ISBN 3-205-00527-9 , p. 232f. and 239.

predecessor	Office	successor
Gustav Kálnoky	Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister May 16, 1895 - Oct. 24, 1906	Alois Lexa von Ährenthal
Benjámin from Kállay	Head of the Joint Finance Ministry (interim) Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina July 14, 1903 - July 24, 1903	István Baron Burián of Rajecz