Smeldinger

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The Smeldinger were a West Slavic tribe who settled in the area around Parchim in southwest Mecklenburg in the 9th century .

Surname

The name of the Smeldinger is documented for the years 808 and 809 in various Franconian annals and is otherwise only found in the Bavarian Geographers . It is not known whether it is a third-party name or an identity-creating self-name. The name is often associated with the river Elde , which flows through the settlement area.

Settlement area

The settlement area of ​​the Smeldinger lay on the right of the Elbe next to the Linonen and Bethenzern . According to the traditional reading of the Bavarian geographer, the Smeldingen, together with the Bethenzers and the Morizani, had 11 civitates , i.e. castles , castle districts or settlement chambers. On the other hand, a view that is in the process of advancing understands the text passage in the table of nations to the effect that the citation of the Morizani is an independent mention in a new series and the 11 civitates are therefore exclusively assigned to the Morizani. Regardless of this, in the Reichsannalen there is in any case a Smelding castle. Since it is said to have been "the largest" ( maximam civitatem ) of their castles, possibly a princely seat, the existence of further castles of the Smeldingen is at least close. According to the Moissac Chronicle, the castle is said to have been called Connoburg . It has therefore long been suspected near Conow on the lower Elde, namely in Menkendorf . However, the naming of the castle could also be a simple mistransmission of the Smeldingorum of the Reichsannals by the medieval chronicler. Moreover, since the castle complex in Menkendorf was not built before 900, researchers now locate the castle in Friedrichsruhe . A large castle was built there around the year 800 on a previously used, unpaved settlement area.

In line with this, the Smelding population is currently believed to be in the area around Parchim. This consideration is based on archaeological find mapping, which shows an early medieval, self-contained Slavic settlement chamber in the area to the left and right of the Elde.

history

After the first Smeldinger wilzischer were under domination, they came as a result of Wilzenfeldzuges Charlemagne under the suzerainty of the Abodrites from which they tried to solve 808 again. The Danish king Göttrik had attacked the trading center of Reric , which had been captured by the Abodrites, and temporarily weakened the power of the Abodritic velvet ruler Drasco . Then Charlemagne sent his son Charles the Younger north. He came too late to support Drasco and instead built a bridge over the Elbe. On the other hand, his army fought against Smeldinger and Linonen, who had also defected to Göttrik. The Franconian-Saxon army devastated fields and settlements far and wide, but also suffered heavy losses before returning to Saxony across the river.

In the following year, the Smelding found themselves exposed to the revenge campaign of the regained Abodritic velvet ruler Drasco, who had recruited Saxon warriors with rich booty from an attack against the Wilzen in northern Albingia and moved into the Lewitz with a Slavic-Saxon army . The Abodrites conquered the main castle of the Smeldingen. After that, the Smeldingers are no longer mentioned in the Franconian annals. Their political significance for the Franks was limited to their role as the military opponent of Charles the Younger and their ally, Drasco. Research attributes their demise to the inability to form their own principality. The castle near Friedrichsruhe was abandoned around 1000. It is possible that the Smeldinger and the Bethenzers were absorbed in the Warnowern, the Linonen, the Redariern or directly in the Abodriten.

Web links

swell

literature

  • Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 .

Remarks

  1. ^ Annales regni Francorum 808: Smeldingos ; 809: Smeldingorum ; Chronicon Moissiacense 809: Semeldinc, Connoburg (short 1895, p. 129, note 1 emends Smeldingonoburg ); Chronicon Anianense 809: Semeldinc, Connoburg (ditto).
  2. ^ Friedrich Wigger : Mecklenburgische Annalen up to the year 1066. A chronologically arranged collection of sources with notes and treatises. Hildebrand, Schwerin 1860, p. 110 f.
  3. ^ Annales regni Francorum 808: Filius autem imperatoris Carlus Albiam ponte iunxit .
  4. ↑ In the Bavarian Geographer it says: Linaa, est populus qui habet civitates VII. Prope illis resident, quos vocant Bethenici et Smeldingon et Morizani, qui habent civitates XI.
  5. ↑ So z. B. at Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 91.
  6. ↑ Christian Hanewinkel: The political importance of the Elbe Slavs with regard to the changes in rule in the East Franconian Empire and in Saxony from 887–936. Political sketches of the eastern neighbors in the 9th and 10th centuries. Münster 2004, pp. 75, 94 f .; Sébastien Rossignol: The rise and fall of the Linonians. Unsuccessful ethnogenesis on the lower Middle Elbe. in: Karl-Heinz Willroth, Jens Schneewiess (Ed.): Slavs on the Elbe. (= Göttingen research on prehistory and early history ., Vol. 1), Wachholtz, Göttingen 2011, pp. 15–38, here p. 20.
  7. ^ Annales regni Francorum: Thrasco Smeldingorum maximam civitatem expugnat.
  8. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 46.
  9. ^ First Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: The Glaisin Castle and the Connoburg. In: Year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology, Vol. 26 (1861), pp. 196–212, here p. 208.
  10. ↑ Max Bathe: The security of the imperial border on the Middle Elbe by Charlemagne. in: Sachsen und Anhalt Vol. 16 (1940), pp. 1-44, here pp. 13 f.
  11. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 90.
  12. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 90.
  13. ↑ Sebastian Messal: Early Slavs in southwest Mecklenburg. in: Sebastian Brather u. a. (Ed.): Slavs on the lower Middle Elbe. Investigations into rural settlement, castle building, settlement structures and landscape change. Reichert, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-89500-962-4 , pp. 61–63, here p. 62.
  14. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 91.
  15. ↑ Christian Hanewinkel: The political importance of the Elbe Slavs with regard to the changes in rule in the East Franconian Empire and in Saxony from 887–936. Political sketches of the eastern neighbors in the 9th and 10th centuries. Münster 2004, p. 57.
  16. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick. The development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (= Archeology and history in the Baltic Sea region. Vol. 4). Leidorf, Rahden (Westphalia) 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , p. 48.
  17. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft, From the Slavic tribal area to the German bailiwick; the development of the territories in Ostholstein, Lauenburg, Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania in the Middle Ages. (Archeology and History in the Baltic Sea Region, Volume 4), Rahden / Westf. 2008 ISBN 978-3-89646-464-4 , pp.
  18. ↑ W.-H. Fritze, A map on the relationship between the early medieval Slavic and the high medieval settlements in Ostprignitz. In: W.-H. Fritze (Ed.), Germania Slavica II. Berlin Historical Studies Vol. 4, Berlin 1981, p. 64.
  19. ↑ Christian Hanewinkel, The political significance of the Elbe Slavs with regard to the changes in rule in the East Franconian Empire and in Saxony from 887 to 936 - Political Sketches for the Eastern Neighbors in the 9th and 10th Centuries , Münster 2004, p. 146.