Smilez

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Smilez ( Bulgarian Смилец , scientific transliteration Smilec; * in the 13th century; † 1298 in Tarnowo ) was a Bulgarian Boljar and from 1292 until his death Tsar of Bulgaria . He is seen as the founder of the Smilez dynasty .

Smilez came from a noble aristocratic family who owned lands both north and south of the Balkan Mountains , between Sliven and Kopsis , in the 12th century . Around 1290, the Bulgarian Tsar Georgi I Terter became dependent on the Golden Horde under Khan Nogai and became its vassal . When the Bulgarian tsar could not hold out around 1292 and lost his throne after a Boljar conspiracy, the tsar Georgi Terter fled to Byzantium.

In 1292 Smilez was elected Tsar of Bulgaria by the Great Boljar Council, with the approval of Khan Nogai. In 1296 Smilez married his daughter Theodora to Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski , the future king of Raszien . Although he maintained good relations with the Tatars , he was unable to prevent their raids on northern Bulgaria.

Smilez died in 1298. His underage son Ivan succeeded him to the Bulgarian throne.

He has been the namesake of Smilets Point , a headland on Nelson Island in Antarctica , since 2014 .

family

According to some sources, Smilez married a daughter of the Bulgarian Tsar Konstantin Tich Assen , others speak of a daughter of the Byzantine Sebastocrator Konstantin Palaiologos .

  1. Smilez ⚭ Smilzena Palaiologina
    1. Marina Smilez ⚭ Eltimir , Despot from Crane
    2. Theodora ⚭ 1296 Stefan Uroš III. Dečanski , King of Rascia (1321–1331)
    3. Ivan , Tsar of Bulgaria

Literature and other sources

  • Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov: Koj koj ev srednovekovna Bǎlgarija. Sofia 1999, ISBN 954-402-047-0 .
  • Jordan Andreev: Bǎlgarija prez vtorata četvǎrt na XIV vek. Veliko Tǎrnovo 1993.
  • Jordan Andreev: Tsar Smilez In Bǎlgarskite khanove i zare VII-XIV vek. “Petar Beron” publishing house, Sofia 1998, ISBN 954-402-034-9 .
  • Ivan Božilov: Familijata na Asenevci (1186-1460). (Bulgarian). Sofia 1985.
  • John VA Fine, Jr .: The Early Medieval Balkans. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1991, ISBN 978-0-472-08149-3 .
  • Constantin Jireček : History of the Bulgarians. Publisher by F. Tempsky, Prague 1876 (reprint: Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 1977)
  • Detlef Kulman: Smilec , in: Biographical Lexicon for the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 4. Munich 1981, p. 147 f.
  • Gerhard Podskalsky : Theological literature of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria and Serbia 815-1459. Munich 2000, ISBN 3-406-45024-5 .
  • Detailed list of Bulgarian rulers (PDF; 96 kB)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan10.html
predecessor Office successor
Georgi I. Terter Tsar of Bulgaria
1292–1298 		Ivan IV Smilez
personal data
SURNAME Smilez
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Smilec, Bulgarian Смилец
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tsar of the Bulgarians (1292–1298)
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1298
Place of death Tarnowo