Sodality

A sodality ( Latin sodalitas "comradeship"), in theological context also syndiakonia , is an association of persons. The individual member is called Sodale . Both religious brotherhoods and other traditional associations (e.g. bachelors, marksmen) are referred to as sodalities .

Prehistory and early history

Barbara Mills thinks that she can prove sodalities in the early Neolithic settlement Çatal Höyük . In the American Southwest, archaeologists assume that sodalities have existed since the beginning of agriculture.

Antiquity

The Titii sodales were an ancient community of cult priests.

Humanistic sodalities

In humanism the sodalitates litterariae were learned-scientific associations. Conrad Celtis founded several sodalities in Krakow around 1488, in Hungary and Vienna around 1494 and in Germany around 1500.

Catholic sodalities

In the early modern period, Jesuits established Marian sodalities in honor of Mary . Other Catholic movements and communities also refer to their members as sodals , translated: “Companion, friend, comrade”, from the Latin synonym sodalis . The designation can be found at:

• of the Community of Christian Life , Jesuit lay organization
• the Schoenstatt Movement , cf. also Mater Ter Admirabilis
• of the Marian men and young men Sodality “Mariä Himmelfahrt” Fulda, founded in 1609
• the Marian citizen modality in Würzburg , which had been moved from the Michaelskirche to the Marienkapelle in 1796
• the bachelor modality in the hospital church of the Würzburg citizen hospital .
• In 1909, the Borussia Dortmund sports club emerged from the “Dreifaltigkeit” youth modality established in Dortmund in 1901 .

Protestant sodalities

Especially in Protestant churches in the Anglo-Saxon area, special-purpose brotherhoods, mostly entrusted with missionary tasks, are referred to as sodalities.

ethnology

Sodalities were widespread in the pueblos of the North American southwest. Most pueblos have healing societies that treat diseases caused by breaking social rules through special ceremonies and thus restore social peace. They can also discover witchcraft . In addition to general healing societies, there are also those that deal with specific problems such as ant bites, lightning strikes or snakebites. Most of the Tewa bear societies act as healers, which are also known to the Tiwa and Laguna . The Keresan also had clown and warrior sodalities. Double membership was common.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Barbara J. Mills: Regional network and religious sodalities at Çatalhöyük. In: Ian Hodder (Ed.): Religion at work in a Neolithic society. Vital Matters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015, pp. 159-186
2. ^ Early Agricultural Period
3. ↑ Barbara J. Mills: Regional network and religious sodalities at Çatalhöyük. In: Ian Hodder (Ed.): Religion at work in a Neolithic society. Vital Matters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015, p. 168
4. ↑ Duden, the large foreign dictionary , ISBN 3-411-04162-5 )
5. ↑ Pontifical Mass and 600 participants in the light procession on the Assumption of Mary . Retrieved September 21, 2017.
6. ↑ Wolfgang Weiss : The Catholic Church in the 19th Century. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, Volume I-III / 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 2001-2007; III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1478-9 , pp. 430-449 and 1303, here: p. 434.
7. ↑ Wolfgang Weiß (2007), p. 434.
8. ^ JE Ware, E. Blinman, Cultural collapse and reorganization: The origin and spread of Pueblo ritual sodalities. In: Michelle Hegmon (Ed.), The archeology of regional interaction: religion, warfare, and exchange across the American Southwest and beyond. Proceedings of the 1996 Southwest Symposium, Boulder, University Press of Colorado 2000, 381-409.
9. ↑ John A. Ware, Eric Blinman, Cultural collapse and reorganization: The origin and spread of Pueblo ritual sodalities. In: Michelle Hegmon (Ed.), The archeology of regional interaction: religion, warfare, and exchange across the American Southwest and beyond. Proceedings of the 1996 Southwest Symposium, Boulder, University Press of Colorado 2000, 383.
10. ↑ John A. Ware, Eric Blinman, Cultural collapse and reorganization: The origin and spread of Pueblo ritual sodalities. In: Michelle Hegmon (Ed.), The archeology of regional interaction: religion, warfare, and exchange across the American Southwest and beyond. Proceedings of the 1996 Southwest Symposium, Boulder, University Press of Colorado 2000, 383.
11. ^ Edward P. Dozier, The Pueblo Indians of North America. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1970, 153