Ice herb
| Ice herb | ||||||||||||
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Mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
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| Mesembryanthemum crystallinum | ||||||||||||
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The ice plant ( Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ), also Eisblume or crystal ice plant is a plant from the family of aizoaceae (Aizoaceae), it is also known as soda plant called.
description
The ice herb is a 70 cm to 1 m wide, one to two year old succulent plant, which often forms prostrate, mat-like stands due to abundant, dichotomous branches. The roots are fibrous. The whole plant is often reddish. The stalked to sessile leaves are arranged opposite, with the upper ones arranged alternately. The fleshy, blue-green leaf blades are ovate-triangular to spatulate and 2 to 20 cm long. These are densely covered with glassy papillae that look like crystals. The edge of the sheet is wavy.
The flowers are terminal individually or in groups of three to five in zymous inflorescences in the leaf axils. The two uppermost bracts are leaf-like and opposite. The stalked or sessile, showy flowers usually have a diameter of 7 to 10, rarely up to 20 mm. The mostly five sepals are unequal and shorter than the petals. The numerous (mostly 20 to 40) narrow, almost thread-like petals , including the corolla-like staminodes, are initially white and become pink as they age; they are fused into a short tube. There are five nectar glands. There are 30 fertile stamens . Four to five carpels are a half under continuous, four to fünffächerigen ovary grown. The four to five scars are erect and thin. The flowering period extends from February to July.
The coarse papillae , long-life capsule fruits open when they are dry with four to five valves and contain about 200 seeds. The seeds are rough and have tiny warts.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
distribution
The distribution area includes the Mediterranean , the Canary Islands , Azores , Madeira and southern Africa. Salt marshes, rocky beaches, sandy beaches and ruderal locations are preferred as locations . It is originally found in Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, Israel, Mauritania, St. Helena, and southwestern Angola , in Namibia and South Africa. It is a neophyte in North and South America, Australia, and Portugal. In Greece the originality is uncertain.
use
The iced herb was previously used as a salad and to make soda. In France it is still used today as a salad under the name "Ficoïde Glaciale".
photos
literature
- Nancy J. Vivrette: Mesembryanthemum. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 85 (English). , Mesembryanthemum crystallinum online.
- Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
- Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : Kosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species of plants . 2nd Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-09361-1 .
- Adalbert Hohenester, Walter Welss: Excursion flora for the Canary Islands. With views of the whole of Macaronesia . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3466-7 ( PDF file; 23.2 MB ).
- Johann Wilhelm Friedrich Lieb: The ice plant as an almost specific medicinal product . Vierling, Hof 1785 ( digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Mesembryanthemum in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
