Solanum angustifolium
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| Solanum angustifolium | ||||||||||||
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Solanum angustifolium is a plant type from the genus of Solanaceae ( Solanum ). Within the genus, it is classified in the subgenus Leptostemonum .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Solanum angustifolium grows as an annual plant that is often persistent into the second year. It reaches heights of 0.3 to 1.5 m. The stems of young plants are somewhat glaucous , their hairs consist of short, simple and often glandular trichomes up to 0.2 mm long, star-shaped trichomes are missing. Straight, yellow-colored, 1.0 to 1.8 cm long spines stand at a fairly large distance from each other. On stems that are later formed on the plant, the spines are closer together and shorter, and star-shaped trichomes can also be found in the hair.
Each sympodial unit contains two leaves , which are often slightly in pairs. The leaf blades of the foliage leaves of young plants are broadly ovate, usually triple pinnate, pinnate at the base, with a pointed to blunt end lobe. The length of the leaf blade reaches 10-20 cm, along the veins they are studded with spines similar to those of the stems. Both leaf surfaces are hairy with star-shaped trichomes, on the upper side the trichomes have greatly reduced lateral rays. Leaves that appear later are usually only twice pinnate and have leaf blades with lengths of 5 to 10 cm. The petioles are reinforced and about a third as long as the leaf blade.
Inflorescences and flowers
The inflorescences are between the nodes , are 4 to 12 cm long and consist of seven to eleven flowers .
The flowers have a calyx , which is divided almost to the base into lanceolate, leaf-like, 4 to 10 mm long calyx tips at flowering time. The calyx tube is 1.5 to 2.5 mm long. The crown is pentagonal to pentagonal-star-shaped with clearly pronounced, folded tissue between the petals. The crown measures 2.5 to 3.5 mm in diameter, is yellow in color, but often has a streak of reddish pigments on the back of each petal that turns purple as it dries.
The stamens are of various shapes. A stamen has a large anthers with a length of 1.3 to 1.7 mm. This is bearded in the lower part of the side facing the center of the flower and often tinged with red or purple at the tip. The smaller stamens are 6 to 10 mm long and yellow. The ovary is hairless and closely attached to the developing calyx tube. The stylus is 1.3 to 1.7 cm long and slender. The scar is mostly not widened.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit is a spherical berry with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm, when ripe it dries up and pops up. It is enclosed by an enlarged calyx, which is covered with some long, about 1.5 cm long and many shorter, less than 1 cm long spines. 50 to 90 seeds are formed per fruit . These are dark brown and flattened ovoid. They are 2.3 to 2.8 mm long, finely grained and provided with reticulated ribs.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and locations
The species is distributed throughout tropical Mexico and in the south to Honduras . It is found in floodplain areas, in abandoned fields, overgrazed areas, and along roadsides, and is tolerant of a wide variety of soils.
Systematics
Solanum angustifolium is classified within the genus of nightshade ( Solanum ) in the Leptostemonum clade, which corresponds to the subgenus Leptostemonum . A molecular biological investigation for a more precise classification of the species is still pending, according to the classic systematics according to Whalen (1979) it is classified in the Androceras section, Androceras series.
literature
- Sandra Knapp: Solanum angustifolium . In: Solanaceae Source ( online ), August 2004, accessed April 9, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Solanum angustifolium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis