Sun god of the sky
The sun god of the sky ( Heth. Nepišaš Ištanu) is a Hittite sun deity . Next to the sun goddess of Arinna, he is the second sun deity worshiped by the Hittites . The sun god of the sky was equated with the Hurrian sun god Šimige .
The sun god of the sky in the Hittite empire
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The sun god of the sky served since the time of the Hittite king Tudḫaliya II as the protective deity of the great king , indicated by a winged sun disk on the king's seal , and finally became god of kingship par excellence . Since the Great King Šuppiluliuma I , perhaps earlier, the sun god of the sky has played an important role as the supreme oath god of the state treaties .
Based on the Mesopotamian sun god Šamaš , the sun god of heaven also gained increased importance as the god of law , justice and truth .
Other sun gods of ancient Anatolia
Tiwaz
Tiwad, also Tiwat, Tiwata or Tiwaz, is the sun god of the Luwians . Unlike the Mesopotamian Šamaš, he had no connection to the underworld . This aspect of the sun was embodied in the Luwian belief by the sun goddess of the earth .
In the city of Tauriša Tiwad formed a triad with the goddess Kamrušepa and their son, a patron god ( Sumerogram LAMMA) with the Luwian nickname wašḫazza- ("consecrated, holy").
Tiwad was also worshiped in the neo-Hittite states of the Luwian language of the Iron Age .
Tiyaz
Tiyaz, also Tiyad, is the sun god worshiped by the Palaer . He was referred to as the king's father and mother.
literature
- Piotr Taracha : Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-447-05885-8 .
- Calvert Watkins: The Golden Bowl: Thoughts on the New Sappho and its Asianic Background. In: Classical Antiquity. Volume 26, 2007, pp. 305-324.
- Volkert Haas , Heidemarie Koch : Religions of the ancient Orient: Hittites and Iran . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-525-51695-9 .
- Maciej Popko : Peoples and Languages of Old Anatolia . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-447-05708-0 .
Remarks
- ^ Calvert Watkins: The Golden Bowl: Thoughts on the New Sappho and its Asianic Background. In: Classical Antiquity. Volume 26, 2007, p. 309.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 90 f.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 127.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 89.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 90.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 88.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 89.
- ↑ Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: Religions of the ancient Orient: Hittites and Iran . Göttingen 2011, p. 226.
- ^ Maciej Popko: Peoples and Languages of Old Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2008, p. 29.
- ^ Calvert Watkins: The Golden Bowl: Thoughts on the New Sappho and its Asianic Background. In: Classical Antiquity. Volume 26, 2007, p. 309.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 107.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 109.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 100.
- ^ Calvert Watkins: The Golden Bowl: Thoughts on the New Sappho and its Asianic Background. In: Classical Antiquity. Volume 26, 2007, p. 321 f.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 58.
- ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 88.