Skewer peat moss
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Skewer peat moss ( Sphagnum cuspidatum ) |
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| Honor ex Hoffm. |
The skewer peat moss ( Sphagnum cuspidatum ) is a deciduous moss of the section Cuspidata in the genus Sphagnum .
description
Appearance, leaf and microscopic features
The skewered peat moss is a normal to large-sized, but delicate and weak-stemmed peat moss, which appears limp and feather-shaped when flowing in forms. The exposed parts of the plant are more compact. The lively branching, spreading branches below the shaggy tip are slack and converge in the shape of a brush and often also conspicuously curved in a sickle shape, making the head look twisted and twisted. The plants themselves are yellowish green to brown in color and somewhat shiny when dried; the heads are mottled red, reddish brown or brown.
The ascending, weak stems are green in color and up to 10 centimeters long. The rich yellow-green colored sclerodermis is clearly separated from the two- to three-layer epidermal cells , two of which consist of enlarged, thin-walled and fibril-free hyalocytes .
The relatively large, triangular stem leaves usually lying on the trunk are 1.2 to 2 millimeters long and 0.5 to 0.8 millimeters wide. They run into a more or less pointed or pointed leaf apex. The leaf margins are narrow at the tip and widen significantly from the middle of the leaf to about a third of the leaf base. The narrow, undivided or seldom divided and reinforced with fibrils, the stem-leaf hyalocytes sometimes have small stomata on the upper side of the leaf .
The branches of the spit peat moss are usually screwed up to faintly five lines in fascicle-like or whorl-like clusters of four or five on the trunk. Of these often clearly crescent-shaped branches, two branches protrude from the trunk, while the others hang from the trunk. The trunk is green and often pink at the base; its cortex is enlarged by distinct retort cells.
The ovate-lanceolate, sickle-shaped curved and slightly shiny leaves below the head are 2 to 5 millimeters long and 0.5 to 0.6 millimeters wide. They lengthen considerably from half of the branches; the leaf width is up to a little more than a quarter of the leaf length. The branch leaves gradually narrow to a blunt point and are often wavy and bent back. When dry, they are aligned on one side. The hyalocytes of the edge and tip zones are linear and up to eight times longer than wide; the centrally located hyalocytes, on the other hand, are narrow, elongated, diamond-shaped. The small respiratory pores are located on the upper side of the leaf, preferably at the upper cell corners; They are usually numerous and small on the underside of the leaf and rarely large at the cell corners. The cell walls next to the chlorocytes are not or only weakly reinforced with fibrils. The chlorocytes are triangular to trapezoidal in cross section; they are more clearly recognizable on the top of the leaf than on the underside of the leaf.
Sexual characteristics
The skewer peat moss is diocesan . The branches carrying antheridia are reddish-brown in color; the perigonial , bloom-like leaves are shorter and wider than the vegetative branch leaves. The perichaetial leaves surrounding the gametangia with a smooth leaf edge and rounded tip are broadly ovoid.
The spore capsule in the center of the tuft has a flat, dome-shaped lid and is dark brown to black in color. The 29 to 38 micrometers large spores are yellow-brown in color; the surface is provided with wart-like outgrowths .
Occurrence
The widespread Sphagnum cuspidatum forms in nutrient-poor and ombotrophen (only with nutrients of rain water supplied) to weak minerotrophic swamps carpets in low to moderate heights or - in wet forest habitats - hill-like Bulten to mats. It prefers acidic to strongly acidic locations.
The spit peat moss is almost cosmopolitan and inhabits the eastern half of North America and Alaska as well as Central America and South America . The Asian occurrences range from China , India and India to Malesia and New Guinea , and the species is also found in Australia . Europe is also widely populated; in Central Europe the occurrences in Germany, Austria and Switzerland are known.
The spit peat moss often prefers flooding or submerged locations. The main habitat is formed by gullies and moors , which are endangered by drainage and peat extraction ( peat cutting ). It is common both in the lowlands and at altitudes up to 1500 meters.
Systematics
Sphagnum cuspidatum was in 1796 by Georg Franz Hoffmann by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart in Germany Flora , Part 2, page 22 first described . Synonyms for Sphagnum cuspidatum are Sphagnum bohemicum Jez. , Sphagnum faxonii Warnst. , Sphagnum schultzii Warnst. , Sphagnum serratum auct. and Sphagnum virginianum Warnst.
swell
literature
- Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our moss and fern plants . 8th edition. Franckh, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04603-6 .
- Jan-Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moosflora (= UTB for Science, Volume 1250 ). 4th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 , pp. 166-168 .
- Cyrus B. McQueen, Richard E. Andrus: Bryophytes: Mosses, part 1 . Sphagnaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America . tape 27 . Oxford University Press, New York 2007, ISBN 978-0-19-531823-4 , Sphagnum cuspidatum, pp. 66 (English, efloras.org - section description and distribution).
- Li Xing-jiang, Si He: Sphagnaceae-Leucobryaceae . Sphagnaceae. In: Chien Gao, Marshall R. Crosby, Si He, Chinese academy of sciences et al. (Eds.): Moss Flora of China . tape 1 . Science Press et al. a., St.Louis u. a. 1999, ISBN 0-915279-72-X , Sphagnum cuspidatum , p. 12 (English, efloras.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Association TELA BOTANICA & Institut de Botanique, Montpellier: bryophytes d'Europe. Sphagnum cuspidatum. (No longer available online.) In: Botanique. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 1, 2012 ( Sphagnum cuspidatum in Europe). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ludwig opinion, Wiebke Schröder: Spit peat moss ( Sphagnum cuspidatum ) Ehrh. ex Hoffm. In: Website of the project "Die Moose Deutschlands". Retrieved on January 1, 2012 (according to information from the distribution atlas of Germany's mosses as of 2007).
- ^ Eva Maria Temsch: Peat moss for beginners and professionals. In: Homepage of a botanist. Retrieved January 1, 2012 (Sphagnum cuspidatum among the Sphagnum species in Austria).
- ↑ a b NISM National Inventory of the Swiss Moss Flora. In: website with Sphagnum cuspidatum. Institute for Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, accessed on January 1, 2012 .
