Pointed-tail bronze male
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Pointed-tail bronze male ( Lonchura striata ) |
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| ( Linnaeus , 1766) |
The White-Rumped Munia ( Lonchura striata ), also Lanzettschwänchen , White-rumped Munia , horseshoe nun or Striped Munia called, is a kind from the family of finches .
Appearance
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There are seven subspecies of the pointed-tail bronze male, all of which differ in their range and details of the body plumage. The nominate form L. s. striata , which was described by Carl von Linné in 1766 , is native to Sri Lanka and India . It reaches a body length of 12 centimeters and shows a white rump next to a pure white underside. The term Weißbürzel-Bronzemännchen is occasionally used and refers explicitly to this subspecies. The species shows no sexual dimorphism , i. H. the females cannot be distinguished from the males due to their plumage.
Pointed-tail bronze males of the nominate shape reach a body length of eleven to twelve centimeters and are thus one of the medium-sized splendid finches. They weigh an average of 12.3 grams. The plumage is dark brown on the top of the body and on the sides of the neck. The feathers, however, have silvery-white shaft lines. The front breast as well as the face and throat are black-brown to black. The feet and legs are colored blue-gray. Blue-gray is also the color of the lower bill, while the upper bill is blackish. The eyes, on the other hand, are dark brown.
The young birds are brown, with the underside of the body a little lighter. The wings and tail are blackish. As with the related species, the young birds wear their youthful dress for a very long time. The adult birds moult after the breeding season.
The other subspecies, whose range includes the Andaman , Nicobar , southeast China and Taiwan , southern Thailand , Malaysia and Sumatra , Laos and Vietnam , vary the body color of the nominate form. The subspecies Ls acuticauda , which is native to northeast India and the southeastern Himalayan regions, has light brown plumage on the throat, front chest and side of the neck.
Habitat and Reproduction
Similar to most species of fine finches, the pointed-tailed bronze male inhabits grasslands that are interspersed with shrubs and trees. It can be found on the edges of forests and fields as well as in gardens and parks. They live on grass seeds and grain and swarms into the rice fields during harvest time . They also eat fruits and berries. The voice is similar to that of the nutmeg bronze male and other related species. The warning call is a troi troi troi ti ti ti . The male's call is a dragging, deep quoi quoi , whereas the female lures a lighter terr terr .
The clutch consists of four to six eggs that are incubated for around 20 days. The young begin to leave the nest around three weeks after hatching. The young birds are sexually mature at the age of 5 months.
Pointed-tail bronze male and human
The pointed-tail bronze male is one of the oldest exotic housebirds in Europe. It is one of the first exotic species to be introduced from overseas and was kept as early as the 17th century. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was imported in large numbers and as early as 1772 the French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon published an overview of the various forms. In the 19th century, individual subspecies were already being differentiated, and some of them were granted an independent species status. The most frequently introduced subspecies include the white rump bronze male ( L. s. Striata ) and the actual pointed-tail bronze male, the subspecies L. s. acuticauda .
The Japanese gull is the domesticated form of the pointed-tail bronze male. As far as we know today, it was bred in China several hundred years ago and is one of the oldest housebirds in humans. It was probably bred from the Chinese subspecies Lonchura striata swinhoei . The exact start of domestication of this species is unknown. It is certain, however, that the gull reached Japan as early as the 18th century and was kept and bred there in large numbers. Since it has changed little since then, it is concluded that it was already heavily domesticated at that time.
Today there is no longer any great demand for the pointed-tail bronze male, since ornamental bird lovers pay more attention to the more colorful representatives of the magnificent finches.
Subspecies
So far, six subspecies are known:
- Lonchura striata acuticauda ( Hodgson , 1836) occurs in Nepal , northern India and Bangladesh as far as northern Indochina .
- Lonchura striata striata ( Linnaeus , 1766) is common in southern and central India and Sri Lanka .
- Lonchura striata fumigata ( Walden , 1873) occurs in the Andamans .
- Lonchura striata semistriata ( Hume , 1874) occurs on the Nicobar Islands .
- Lonchura striata subsquamicollis ( Baker, ECS , 1925) is found on the Malay Peninsula as far as southern Indochina.
- Lonchura striata swinhoei ( Cabanis , 1882) is common in eastern central and eastern China and Taiwan .
supporting documents
literature
- Horst Bielfeld : The finch book. All species, their keeping, care and breeding. Eugen Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-7327-1 .
- Jürgen Nicolai (Ed.), Joachim Steinbacher (Ed.), Renate van den Elzen, Gerhard Hofmann: Prachtfinken - Australia, Oceania, Southeast Asia. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3249-4 .
- Peter Clement , Alan Harris, John Davis: Finches and Sparrows. An Identification Guide. Christopher Helm, London 1993, ISBN 0-7136-8017-2 .
Single receipts
- ↑ Nicolai et al., P. 297
- ↑ a b Nicolai et al., P. 299
- ↑ Nicolai et al., P. 30 2
- ↑ IOC World Bird List Waxbills, parrot finches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits
Web links
- Lonchura striata inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2013.