Low spore truffles
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Low-spore truffles ( Tuber oligospermum ) |
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| Tuber oligospermum | ||||||||||||
| ( Tul. & C. Tul. ) Bustard |
The spore-poor truffle ( Tuber oligospermum ) is a subterranean ( hypogeic ) fructifying mushroom from the family of the cupling relatives ( Pezizaceae ).
features
Macroscopic features
The tuberous underground fruiting bodies (ascocarp) are approximately spherical or irregularly tuberous with a diameter of 2–3 (-5) cm. Their surface is initially whitish and later turns light ocher to finally brown with sometimes reddish spots. Inside, their flesh is white with brownish veins. It's massive and firm. The smell is initially weak and pleasantly nutty and later unpleasantly strong acetylene-like. The fully grown fruit bodies have a strong taste.
Microscopic features
The approximately spherical to ovoid asci each contain 2-4 (-5) spores . These are translucent yellow and spherical to broadly elliptical in shape. These measure 25–46 × 25–40 micrometers. They are colored translucent yellow. Their surface shows a mesh ornament of regular polygons.
Ecology and diffusion
The species lives a few centimeters below the surface of the earth in a mycorrhizal symbiosis with, among others, pines or the holm oak . It lives in sandy, calcareous soils and has a low water requirement. It can also reproduce via asexually formed mito spores.
It is native to the southern Mediterranean countries.
meaning
Low-spore truffles are edible young and are used as edible mushrooms . They are considered a culinary inferior type of truffle.
The fruit bodies are exported en masse from Morocco to Europe and some of them are offered as “ Kalahari truffles ”.
Systematics and taxonomy
The official first description comes from the article published in 1851 on "Fungi hypogaei" ("underground mushrooms") by Edmond and Charles Tulasne , in which they called the species " Terfezia oligosperma ". They assigned them to the genus of desert truffles ( Terfezia ) due to the spherical spores . In 1979, however, James M. Trappe assigned the real truffles to the real truffles despite the rarity of spherical spores in this genus due to their fruit mass and the ornamentation of the spores .
The German-language name and the epithet of the scientific name refer to the small number of spores per ascus, compared to the other Terfezien, to whose genus it was initially held.
swell
- ↑ Tuber oligospermum (Tul. & C. Tul.) Bustard. In: Trufamanía. Antonio Rodriguez, 2011, accessed March 4, 2013 .
- ↑ Alexander Urban, Isabell Neuner-Plattner, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber, Kurt Haselwandter: Molecular studies on terricolous microfungi reveal novel anamorphs of two Tuber species . In: British Mycological Society (Ed.): Mycological Research . tape 108 , no. 7 . Elsevier Ltd., July 2004, p. 749-758 , doi : 10.1017 / S0953756204000553 (English).
- ↑ a b René Flammer: Kalahari truffles from Morocco . In: Swiss Journal for Mushroom Science (SZP / BSM) - Periscope . No. 30 (2010–6) , 2010, pp. 240 f . ( giftpilze.ch [PDF]).
- ↑ Edmond & Charles Tulasne: Fungi hypogaei; Page 176, panel XXI, drawing XV (1851)
- ↑ James M. Trappe: The orders, families and genera of hypogeous Ascomycotina (truffles and their relatives) . In: Mycotaxon, Ltd. (Ed.): Mycotaxon . tape 9 , no. 1 , June 12, 1979, p. 336 (English, org.uk ).
