Spremberger Strasse (Cottbus)
The Spremberger Street ( Lower Sorbian : Grodkojska droga ) is the best known of Cottbus streets. The “Sprem”, as it is popularly known, connects Brandenburger Platz with the Altmarkt . On the plans from 1724 and 1784 it was named Spremberger Gasse, on the layout of the town from 1800 it is already listed as Spremberger Straße. The street has been preserved in its length of 300 meters since the city was built to this day. It was also part of the trade route from Bohemia and Saxony to Frankfurt (Oder).
Architectural monuments
Spremberger Tower
The Spremberger Tower is the landmark of the city of Cottbus. It is located in the old town of Cottbus on Spremberger Strasse, which the Cottbus locals simply call Sprem. The first installation of the Spremberger Tower as the gate tower of the Spremberger Tor dates from the 13th century. Since 2007, the tower can be climbed on many days of the year without prior notice. From the viewing platform at a height of 28 m you have a view of the city of Cottbus and the surrounding area.
Castle Church
A French Reformed community was formed by French Huguenots who settled in Cottbus in 1701. In 1705 they got permission from the Brandenburg Elector to build their church . On January 7, 1714, the single-nave castle church with hipped roof was inaugurated after seven years of construction. When a German Reformed clergyman was appointed as court and palace preacher in 1757, the church name became commonplace among the people. From this point on, the services of the German Reformed and French Reformed congregations took place in this church. The church received a neo-Gothic tower in 1870 and since then it has shaped the overall appearance of Spremberger Straße in Cottbus. The two side entrances were bricked up during the reconstruction in 1855 and can still be seen as "blind" windows. The facade and interior of the church were extensively renovated in 2003. The castle church is currently used as a synagogue for the Cottbus Jewish community.
Spremberger Strasse 16
First of all, the three-axle rental apartment building with side wing along Burgstrasse was built in 1896 by the construction company Paul Broeßke on behalf of the businessman Max Cohn . After the adjacent corner building was demolished, the rental apartment building was expanded in 1910 with a tower-like corner building with a shop. The extension was carried out by the company Hermann Pabel & Co. The two street facades of the apartment building are faced with yellow bricks and enhanced with rich plaster decor. The two lower floors are determined by the large-scale shop window installation, which is divided into four parts on the first floor. The two upper floors are divided by horizontally mounted sill cornices and an eaves cornice resting on ornamented consoles . A central bay under a gable with parapet mirrors decorated with cartouches is striking . The inscription "1896" and the monogram "C" for Cohn were integrated into the bay front. The two windows of the main floor are caught by Rundbogenverdachungen with shell decor and capstone. The volute gable is flanked by two roof houses. The facade facing Burgstrasse has a simpler design: arched windows, gable in the outer axis as well as a house entrance with cornice roofing and modern shop fittings on the ground floor. The three-axis corner of the building is designed as a striking round tower, the end of which is a copper-covered double-tailed hood with a lantern . The two lower floors of the “tower” are defined by large shop windows that enclose a bay window in the corner axis on the first floor. On the upper floors there is a two-story bay window with stepped side surfaces on each external axis. On the Burgstrasse side, the corner building is connected to the older part of the building by swinging loggias under a tail gable. These loggias are highlighted by ornamented round pillars, baluster parapets and pilaster-like wall templates. The building is particularly characterized by the combination of the late historical design of the apartment building and the corner area influenced by Art Nouveau.
Spremberger Strasse 17
The three-storey rental apartment and commercial building with a mezzanine floor was built for master bookbinder Otto Seidel in 1878/1879 immediately after the bastion was torn down. As a corner building with a U-shaped floor plan, the building extends into Burgstrasse and Brandenburger Platz. The seven-axis main facade faces Spremberger Strasse. The side facing Brandenburger Platz has five axes and the side facing Burgstrasse has two axes. The building has a flat monopitch roof . The two flattened house edges are emphasized with the arched shop entrances framed by pilasters and the central house entrance axis is accentuated by flat risals covered with plaster rustics. Above the entrance on the right corner there is a plaster mirror with a fully plastic Merkur head . A balcony that no longer exists served as a protective roof. A strong plastering dominates the ground floors on all sides. A cornice with a serrated frieze as well as floor and sill cornices stand out from the vertically aligned facade structure on the front facing Spremberger Straße. The tall rectangular windows on the second floor have a pilaster frame and a straight roof. On the third floor, the windows in the risalits adorn gable roofs and pilaster frames. The mezzanine floor is structured by small twin windows. Antique essays in the form of balustrades crown the risalites. The corner axes are also highlighted by semicircular gable attachments. The external axis at the front to Brandenburger Platz is accentuated like a risalit, here the axes on the upper floors are separated by square pilaster strips . An axis at the front to Burgstrasse also has a risalit shape. A staircase, reminiscent of a stair tower, protrudes as a semicircular vault into the courtyard area. With its slightly inclined position, the building forms a striking transition between Spremberger Straße and Brandenburger Platz. The building is an early example of the urban Wilhelminian style architecture in Cottbus, which is characterized by a sophisticated facade structure determined by late classicism. The building was repaired and modernized at the end of the 1990s. Shops are now located on the ground floor and the upper floors are used as rental apartments.
Spremberger Strasse 19
The rental apartment and commercial building was built by contractor, architect and later city councilor Ewald Schulz in 1889 on behalf of the jeweler Thies . The three-storey facing brick building was added directly to the southwest of the Spremberger tower. This resulted in an irregular floor plan in this area. On the ground floor there is a shop which, due to its modern design, no longer corresponds to the architectural style. The three-axis street facade with neo-Gothic decorative motifs is characterized by its asymmetry. The left outer axis was highlighted with a flat, bay-like risalit . In this area there are ogival triple windows, which are framed on the second floor by ornate pilasters and elaborately designed columns. For the transition to the Berlin roof , a gable with integrated twin windows and an oculus was created in the risalit . The end of the gable is a turret with a pointed helmet. On the right outer axis you can find the portal-like house entrance, integrated into a staircase projection with a final crenellated crown above an arched frieze. A balcony was also added on the first floor. Corresponding to the brick Gothic, shaped stones were incorporated in the gable of the risalit, on the balcony and in the window parapets and lintels. The eaves cornice is decorated with a frieze. On the roof in the middle and on the right side there are two wooden roof houses with rafters . Due to the stylistic and material adaptation to the Spremberger Tower, the building together with it forms an outstanding ensemble of great importance in terms of urban history.
Spremberger Strasse 20
The residential and commercial building Spremberger Strasse 20, located north of the Spremberger Tower, was built in two construction phases, with businessman August Babel being the builder and the company Hermann Pabel & Co executing both. The original three-storey part of the building, which is north and four window axes wide, was built as early as 1910/11. Special features of its facade are the three-part windows on the first floor and the bay window with balcony closure (monogram "AB" for August Babel in the balcony parapet) on the second floor. On the ground floor of the older part, a shop window system from the time of construction has been preserved, in contrast to the modern system in the left part. The building is completed on this (northern) side with a mighty roof structure with three windows under a hipped roof . In 1927 the building was expanded to include a three-storey, five-axis structure and a two-storey bridge structure based on the Spremberger tower. The facade of the main building (i.e. minus the bridge construction) is dominated on the upper floors by cross-storey half-columns that merge into strong consoles of the main cornice. On the second floor there is a continuous cornice with a block frieze and a window with wavy lintels. On the southern edge of the main building, there is a two-story round bay window facing the slightly recessed bridge structure. The three-axis bridge construction is cautious; apart from the sill cornice, only flat mirrors are to be found between the windows. The extension as well as the bridge construction have a mansard roof (with roof houses at the main building). The building, with its twelve-axis ashlar facade and neo-classical forms, is striking in terms of urban planning thanks to its connection to the Spremberger tower. In addition, the design of the building shows features of the so-called “reform architecture”, which, in contrast to historicism, aimed at a clear simplification of the forms and a reduction in the building decor.
Spremberger Strasse 29-31
In 1890 the Dresden merchant Wolrad Waldschmidt opened a textile shop in the so-called “ Lobedanisches Haus ”. This was a two-storey building with two side wings at Spremberger Straße 30. The building was extended shortly before the First World War and given an attic . Waldschmidt acquired the property at Spremberger Straße 29 in 1926 and had a four-story extension built there. The overall facade looks like a risalit due to its design . The left wing of Spremberger Strasse 30 was demolished in 1931. The architect Hans Palm designed a six-story reinforced concrete building with a flat roof , which is directly connected to the extension from 1926. This extension was topped up with two storeys, which jump back in two steps, forming roof terraces. A modern big city department store was created. The buildings were partially destroyed by the Second World War. In the years 1956–57 the residential and office building Spremberger Strasse 29–31 was built. The wing of the building was almost completely rebuilt, with the side wings and the transverse building being expanded in accordance with the new usage requirements. The street-side part, which was destroyed up to the ground floor, was given eight axes and an additional floor. The 1,150 square meter ground floor has become a restaurant with a concert and dance café, restaurant, lounge and a spacious entrance area. The northern side wing at "Heronvorplatz" was extended in the mid-1970s. A five-storey office building in reinforced concrete frame construction with a glass-aluminum curtain wall was created. During the renovation in the 1990s, the original architecture was heavily falsified. During the same period, the ground floor and the entire office area were converted and modernized. The floor plan was changed. The residential and commercial building complex Spremberger Straße 29–31 consists of five four- to six-story building wings, four of which are grouped around a narrow inner courtyard. The complex extends from Spremberger Straße to Straße Am Turm (originally Mauerstraße). The main facade faces Spremberger Strasse, the right side wing forms the southern perimeter of the “Heron forecourt”, which is laid out with the city promenade , and the transverse building stands with its eaves on the street Am Turm. The residential and office building with restaurant area is a rare example of how ruins were dealt with in the post-war period, for their redesign according to a new concept of use and a new architectural concept. Due to its harmonious, aesthetically pleasing overall effect, which is characterized by a cautiously representative appearance, the complex is also worth protecting for architectural reasons. In addition to the design quality of the differentiated facades of the individual building wings, it is above all the preserved parts of the wall-mounted fittings in the former restaurant area that deserve attention. Architecturally unusual is the downgrading that has been preserved with the formation of two roof terraces in the southern part of the wing on Spremberger Straße.
Spremberger Strasse 32-34
This building complex is a block of flats with a shop floor. The structure was built in 1953/54 and the design comes from W. Kampmann and W. Hinze. In 1991 the building was repaired and repaired. a. on the facade and in the shop area. The four-storey block of flats under a gable roof is located on the west side of Spremberger Strasse opposite the castle church. The simple, multi-axis facade is structured with the help of simple, high-rectangular window cuts that are grouped together. Some French windows with wrought iron railing can be found in the southern part of the first floor. The shop zone is separated from the upper floors by a cornice and clad with artificial stone slabs. A protruding eaves cornice forms the transition to the roof. A three-axis risalit with a gable is the only prominent design feature of the building. Below the risalit there is a passage to "Heronplatz" supported by round pillars. The upper floors of the risalit are clad with artificial stone slabs that form pilaster strips . The windows on the first floor have an artificial stone cornice roofing. The striking artificial stone eaves cornice is accentuated by a block frieze. Inside, a staircase dating from the time of construction as well as doors and the lattice rafter roof have been preserved. The building illustrates the “national traditions” style concept that prevailed at the time. By doing without elaborate architectural decorations, it is a testimony to the architecturally and creatively ambitious architecture of the early years of the GDR. Only in the risalit design is a reference to classical traditions recognizable. By closing the gap, a transition between old and new structures was created as well as an exciting contrast to the richly decorated Wilhelminian style buildings.
Spremberger Strasse 40/41
The residential and commercial building at Spremberger Strasse 40/41 was built in 1909/10. The building was commissioned by master butcher Wilhelm Kahle. The construction work was carried out by the a. D. Otto Rost. In 1985 the building was restored. The roof and facade were repaired, the steel-aluminum shop windows were renewed and a rear staircase was expanded. In 1987 and 1990 further changes were made to the shop window system. It is a four-story building on a U-shaped floor plan, which is located on the west side of Spremberger Straße. The facade of the building is characterized by three styles: Neoclassicism , New Baroque and Art Nouveau . The facade is structured by framing colossal pilasters with richly decorated capitals , a notched central axis and a large triangular gable. The ground floor is clad with polished red granite and lights from the construction period can be found above the heavy oak front door, which is provided with brass bars and polished panes. The middle bay has a balcony closure and is visually highlighted by a plaster decor. On the first floor, the parapet mirror is decorated with cartouches inlaid with tendrils. An imaginative design can be found between the arched oriel front windows (triple windows) in the form of large cartouches with putti and a coat of arms with a crown. The narrow side windows of the bay window are also decorated with cartridge-like jewelry. The arched or straight windows on the side axes are divided into three parts by posts, have a final decoration (vase) or small exit balconies with filigree iron parapets. The mansard roof is enlivened by a dormer with a triple window. The architectural form of the residential and commercial building illustrates the architecture that was developing at the time. The use of idiosyncratic ornaments, inspired by Art Nouveau, and the use of effective architectural details characterize the building.
Spremberger Strasse 42/43
This is a residential and commercial building that was built by Arnold Heine in 1914. The architects Felix Michaelis & Carl Dietrich took on the design and construction management. The construction work was carried out by the construction company Hermann Pabel & Co. The former building at Spremberger Straße 43 was the long-standing parent company of the “Albert Heine” publishing house. In 1848 the building was expanded to include a printing press. In 1912, Arnold Heine's younger brother had the main building torn down and, with the addition of the neighboring property, the new residential and commercial building with the headquarters of the publishing office and office of the “Cottbuser Anzeiger” was built. In 1915 there was the first vending machine restaurant “Palast-Automat” on the ground floor . After the First World War it was the sales branch of the Cottbus chocolate factory Burk & Braun. In the 1980s, maintenance and renovation measures (especially in the shop areas) were carried out and in 1989 the facade was repaired. The building is a stately four-story plastered building and stands on a U-shaped floor plan. It has a mansard roof. The ground floor is designed as a base with its sturdy rustication and has large, arched shop windows. The entrance portal has a skylight divided into three by posts, which has a broken, curved roof. The five-axis facade is structured by means of grooved pilasters and has capitals decorated with volutes and cartouche. The middle three axes are designed with restraint with simple cut, high rectangular windows. The massive balcony, which rests on ornamented consoles, is concave on the sides and has a wrought iron parapet. The crowning triangular gable is very representative. A model of the old parent house can be found in the gable between two fully plastic, female allegorical seated figures. Two-storey bay windows with closing balconies are located on the side axes. The three-part bay windows were connected by means of frieze panels. The architectural parts and decorative elements such. B. the pilasters, the balcony consoles of the central axis, the protruding eaves cornice and the triangular gable are made of sandstone. Inside there is an upper-class interior. In the hallway you will find mirrors and wall panels and a spiral staircase that is separated from the hallway by a glazed door. The apartment doors have been preserved from the construction period.
literature
- Irmgard Ackermann, Marcus Cante, Antje Mues: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, monuments in Brandenburg. Volume 2.1: City of Cottbus. Part 1: Old town, Mühleninsel, Neustadt and Ostrow, inner Spremberger suburb, “city promenade”, western expansion of the city, historic Brunschwig. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-176-9 .
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