Stand literature

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Woodcut Der Bierbreuwer (Beer Brewer ), from Jost Amman's Ständebuch (1568)
Copper engraving of the bookseller from the illustration of the non-profit main stands by Christoph Weigel, Regensburg 1698

Ständeliteratur is called literature of the early modern period , which describes the tasks and the meaning of clerical and secular rulers, artists, traders and craftsmen and is mostly illustrated with woodcuts or copperplate engravings . Class books are important sources for economic and cultural history today .

Derivation of the term

The class books of the late Middle Ages and early modern times were based as reference works on the social classification system of the class society . The representations often began with the clergy ( pope , bishop ), followed by the nobility ( emperor , king , duke , prince ) and ended with the professions of free citizens and farmers. Further subdivisions followed the type of livelihood, the profession and the respectability of the professions. Most recently, grave diggers and executioners were often described. Historical representations, the naming of important personalities, descriptions of characteristic work processes and activity profiles, economic geographical information, moral representations and dress codes form the core content of these writings. The encyclopedias, which became more and more popular in the 18th century, such as the large, complete Universal-Lexicon of All Sciences and Arts by Johann Heinrich Zedler or special encyclopedias such as the Economic Encyclopedia by Johann Georg Krünitz , gradually replaced the class literature. No later than the Gemüths vergnügende historical manual for citizens and farmers of Johann Gottfried Gregorii marked in 1744 by its alphabetical ordering the transition from Ständebuch for professionals - lexicon .

Famous works

  • Jost Amman , Hans Sachs : Eye-catching description of all classes on earth / high and low / clergy and secular / all arts / handicrafts and trades ... Frankfurt am Main 1568.
  • Thomas Garzoni (1549–1589): Piazza universale: That is: General Schawplatz, Marckt and gathering of all professions, arts, businesses, trades and handicrafts. Original Italian title: La piazza universale di tutte le professioni del mondo. Venice 1585 ( [1] German edition by Merian, Frankfurt 1659; HAB Wolfenbüttel).
  • Timotheus Polus (1599–1642): Funny Schawplatz, since all kinds of people, employers, classes, arts, trades, trades and crafts, as well as beginners, inventors and multipliers are at one another; From Bramero, Garzonio, Laurembergio, Camerario… u. other… Scribenten kurtz zs. drawn. Jena 1651.
  • Christoph Weigel : Illustration of the non-profit-making main estates, drawn by the regents and their servants assigned in times of peace and war, to all artists and craftsmen after every job and profession according to the origin, usability and memory worthiness briefly described and presented in a completely new way. Regensburg 1698.
  • Abraham a Sancta Clara , Christoph Weigel : Something for everyone, that is, a brief description of all the class, official and commercial persons with imprinted moral doctrine and Biblical concepts, through which the pious emphasized with due praise, but the blameless with a moderate Admonition is not spared. Nuremberg 1699.

literature

  • Barbara Stollberg-Rilinger: Good before honor or honor before good? On the social distinction between the nobility and merchant class in the class literature of the early modern period. In: Augsburg trading houses in the course of historical judgment. Berlin 1996, pp. 31-45.
  • Norbert H. Ott: Ständeliteratur. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Munich 1997, Part 8, Sp. 54-55.
  • Ursula Schulze: Jost Amman. Stand book. Cologne 2006, pp. 241–249.
  • Hans Sachs, Jost Amman: The status book. Edited by Hans Blosen, Perærentzen and Harald Pors. 2 volumes. Aarhus 2009.
  • Kersten Krüger: The rural constitution. Munich 2010.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ursula Schulze: Jost Amman. Stand book. Cologne 2006, back cover
  2. ^ Carsten Berndt: Melissantes: a Thuringian polyhistor and his job descriptions in the 18th century; Life and work of Johann Gottfried Gregorii (1685–1770) as a contribution to the history of geography, cartography, genealogy, psychology, pedagogy and professional studies in Germany; [a Thuringian geographer and universal scholar (1685–1770)] , Rockstuhl, 3rd edition Bad Langensalza 2015, ISBN 978-3-86777-166-5 . Pp. 234-238, 261-271.
  3. ↑ Hans Sachs: Detailed description of all statuses on earth. 1568 ( Wikisource ).