St. Amandus (Aschendorf / Ems)

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St. Amandus

St. Amandus is a Roman Catholic church in Aschendorf / Ems .

The church, some of which is over 1000 years old, is the center of one of the oldest North German communities. Numerous archaeological excavations have shown, among other things, five previous churches.

Archeology and building history

According to the archaeological investigations that took place in the church in 2001/02, a first wooden church was probably built in the second half of the 9th century. A church from Liudgerian times is therefore not yet detectable. The sequence of five consecutive wooden structures established in the investigations is a unique finding to date. The first three-aisled wooden church building is a rather atypical building for north-west Germany, which differs significantly from contemporary secular buildings. There are similarities to comparative findings from the Rhineland. The first wooden church burned down at the end of the 9th / beginning of the 10th century and was replaced by a smaller wooden structure. Another three wooden churches followed until the 12th century. The third wooden church was built using a new technique, the threshold beam construction. Here were still internal fixtures, such. B. a choir screen recognizable. Numerous infant burials were found at the first two churches, which presumably do not represent so-called eaves graves, but can be traced back to a pre-Christian burial rite, as infant burials were often found in wall areas of residential buildings in early medieval settlements. In the middle of the 13th century the first stone church in the shape of a cruciform church was built in the late Romanesque / early Gothic transition style. Around 1300 the cruciform church was extended by a southern extension. At the end of the 15th century (Datumsstein 1498) the north extension was built and the tower was raised. With these two extensions, the church now has a short nave with three bays in width but only two bays in length.

In 1969 the late Gothic choir was demolished to make way for a modern extension of the nave. The resulting large church space was divided in 2005 by a glass wall between the medieval and the new part, so that both rooms can now be used separately.

history

Probably in the course of the 9th century, the Corvey monastery received the church and the associated benefices as a gift. The first certain information about a church in Aschendorf comes from a document in connection with tithes to the Corvey monastery at the beginning of the 12th century. In 1157 the church in Aschendorf is mentioned as ecclesia baptismalis, i.e. as a baptistery. The rare Amandus patronage, on the basis of which an early construction of a church was assumed, is first documented in 1514.

Interior

The high altar comes from Franz Rudolf Jöllemann (1703–1767), the son of Thomas Simon Jöllemann . Franz Rudolf Jöllemann had his workshop in Aschendorf. The sculptor Johann Heinrich König from Münster made several figures for the altar . They are the sculptures of the church patron Amandus as well as of Johann von Nepomuk , Antonius von Padua and Franz Xaver . They are considered to be the best of the King's works.

Church music

Since the church building is divided into two smaller church rooms, the church has two organs. The curious: the small organ is in the "big church", the big organ in the "little church".

The little organ

The little organ has a long history. Originally it was built by Marcussen Orgelbau in 1885 for St. Michaelis Church in Schleswig. Decades later she was transferred to the Friedenskirche. This also changed the prospectus and the appearance. In 2005 it was brought to Aschendorf and replaced an auxiliary organ provided by the Osnabrück diocese. The organ has 16 registers on two manuals with an independent pedal. The action is mechanical.

I main work C–
1. Principal 8th'
2. Pointed flute 0 8th'
3. octave 4 ′
4th flute 4 ′
5. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Mixture IV
7th Trumpet 8th'
II positive C–
08th. Dumped 8th'
09. Reed flute 4 ′
10. Principal 2 ′
11. Sesquialtera II 0
12. Scharff III
Pedals C–
13. Sub bass 16 ′
14th Octave bass 08th'
15th Choral bass 04 ′
16. Rear set IV (vacant) 0
17th trombone 16 ′

The great organ

The large organ on the gallery in the small church was built in 1963 by Franz Breil , Dorsten, using older pipe material. It has 23 registers on two manuals with an independent pedal. The action mechanism is mechanical, the stop action is electrical. It sounds very gentle, but can generate enormous volume with the tutti and offers a wide range of registration options.

Bells

The renowned northern German bell foundry Otto von Hemelingen / Bremen repeatedly supplied bronze bells for St. Amandus (Aschendorf). In 1892 one bell (cis), in 1893 two bells (fis - gis; melted down in the war) and in 1947 one bell (des (cis)).

literature

  • Wolfgang Bockhorst: Aschendorf between Christianization and Counter Reformation. In: G. Steinwascher (ed.): History of the city of Aschendorf. Papenburg 1992, pp. 9-69.
  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The Amandus Church in Aschendorf. In: If stones could talk. Volume III, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-7842-0515-1 , pp. 57-60.
  • Ph. Jaffé (Ed.): Monumenta Corbeiensia. (= Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum. Volume 1). Berlin 1864.
  • F. Philippi (Ed.): Osnabrück Document Book. Volume I: The documents of the year 772-1200. Osnabrück 1892.
  • Fabian Robben: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Emsland district. Archaeological-historical research on early church building and Christianization in northwest Germany. Contributions to archeology in Lower Saxony 19. VML Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 2016.
  • Fabian Robben: The early medieval infant burials under St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf. In: Communications of the German Society for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times. 23, 2011, pp. 125-136. dgamn.de
  • Hans-Bernd Rödiger, Menno Smid : Frisian churches in Emden, Leer, Borkum, Mormerland, Uplengen, Overledingen and Reiderland , volume 3. Verlag CL Mettcker & Söhne, Jever 1980, p. 111.
  • Angelika Seifert: Art-historical studies on Aschendorfer architectural monuments. In: G. Steinwascher (ed.): History of the city of Aschendorf. Papenburg 1992, pp. 270-346.

Sources and individual references

  1. ^ F. Robben: The early medieval infant burials under the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf. 2011, p. 125f.
  2. ^ Robben, Fabian .: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Ldkr. Emsland: Archaeological-historical research on early church construction and Christianization in northwest Germany . VML, Rahden / Westf. 2016, ISBN 978-3-89646-939-7 , pp. 40 u. 45 f . ( worldcat.org [accessed December 27, 2019]).
  3. ^ Robben, Fabian .: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Ldkr. Emsland: Archaeological-historical research on early church construction and Christianization in northwest Germany . VML, Rahden / Westf. 2016, ISBN 978-3-89646-939-7 , pp. 119–124 ( worldcat.org [accessed December 27, 2019]).
  4. ^ Robben, Fabian .: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Ldkr. Emsland: Archaeological-historical research on early church construction and Christianization in northwest Germany . VML, Rahden / Westf. 2016, ISBN 978-3-89646-939-7 , pp. 125–126 ( worldcat.org [accessed December 27, 2019]).
  5. ^ Robben, Fabian .: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Ldkr. Emsland: Archaeological-historical research on early church construction and Christianization in northwest Germany . VML, Rahden / Westf. 2016, ISBN 978-3-89646-939-7 , pp. 50 f. u. 126–132 ( worldcat.org [accessed December 27, 2019]).
  6. ^ F. Robben: The early medieval infant burials under the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf. 2011, p. 133f.
  7. ↑ A. Seifert: Art History Studies. 1992, pp. 271f.
  8. ^ Robben, Fabian .: Excavations in the St. Amandus Church in Aschendorf, Ldkr. Emsland: Archaeological-historical research on early church construction and Christianization in northwest Germany . VML, Rahden / Westf. 2016, ISBN 978-3-89646-939-7 , pp. 65–89 ( worldcat.org [accessed December 27, 2019]).
  9. ↑ A. Seifert: Art History Studies. 1992, p. 271ff.
  10. ↑ More recent building history of the Amandus Church, with numerous interior photos ( memento of the original from August 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ma-la-ma.de
  11. ↑ Osnabrück Document Book. I, No. 219.
  12. ↑ Ph. Jaffé (ed.): Monumenta Corbeiensia. (= Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum. Volume 1). Berlin 1864, p. 587.
  13. ^ W. Bockhorst: Aschendorf between Christianization and Counter-Reformation. In: G. Steinwascher (ed.): History of the city of Aschendorf. Papenburg 1992, pp. 9–69, here p. 10.
  14. ↑ P. Berlage (edit.): Handbook of the Diocese of Osnabrück. Osnabrück 1968, p. 344.
  15. ^ Hans Galen, Helmut Ottenjann (ed.): Westphalia in Lower Saxony . Museumsdorf Cloppenburg, Cloppenburg 1993, ISBN 3-923675-37-2 , pp. 273–280: about Johann Heinrich König and pp. 251–255: about the Jöllemann family of sculptors
  16. ↑ Information about the organ in the new church and its disposition
  17. ↑ Organ in the old church
  18. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, here in particular pp. 505, 506, 543, 581 .
  19. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, here in particular pp. 473, 501, 544 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).

Web links

Coordinates: 53 ° 3 '7.2 "  N , 7 ° 19' 53.7"  E