St. Cyriakus (Berghausen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Cyriakus is a listed church building in the town of Schmallenberg in the Berghausen district . The building was built around 1200 to 1220 in the Romanesque style and is one of the oldest preserved churches in the Hochsauerlandkreis . The church is consecrated to Saint Cyriacus .
construction
The building is a comparatively small, three-aisled pillar basilica . The main nave of the nave consists of only one yoke . The style is described as heavy and down to earth. On the outside, the building makes a closed impression. A Greek cross with four arms of equal length forms the floor plan of the church. It is considered the last of its kind in the Sauerland, which has essentially kept its original shape.
The transept has side apses . The choir is single-bay with an apse. The side aisles are extended to the middle of the west tower. The central nave, transept, choir and tower have cross vaults with ridges. The side aisles are provided with barrel vaults. The windows are arched. The windows, which were enlarged in the Baroque era , were dismantled again in the 20th century. There is a round window on the west side of the north aisle extension. The entrances in the south and west are also rounded. A small opening can be seen in the choir, in which the eternal light has its place today. There are different interpretations of their original purpose. Perhaps it served as a place for a funeral lamp , but perhaps also as a hagioscope : an opening through which outside believers could follow the service if they were excluded from direct participation. This was not uncommon in times of the plague. The portal dates from 1754. The vicariate building located nearby was completed in 1715.
Frescoes
The church is particularly known for its interior painting. This comes to a large extent from the time the church was built. The frescoes were painted over and were not rediscovered until 1936.
Particularly noteworthy is the painting of the apse. There, various religious and secular motifs are grouped around the figure of Christ as Pantocrator in the mandorla . Christ with the book in hand is depicted surrounded by the symbols of the four evangelists . On the left are Mary and John, on the right are Peter and Cyriacus. In the reveal of the choir window, the Lamb of God, the Annunciation to Mary and the baptism of Christ can be seen. The imminent sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham comes from the Old Testament, Moses in front of the burning bush, Moses with the elders of the tribes of Israel and Samson in front of the city gate of Gaza. One of the secular motifs is the image of Fortuna's wheel. Saint Nicholas is also shown in a scene in which he saves seafarers from need.
The frescoes were probably created by foreign artists. Painting can be seen as a masterpiece of medieval art in the Sauerland.
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Furnishing
Between 1959 and 1962 the church was extensively restored. Parts of the baroque furnishings were removed in order to emphasize the Romanesque character more clearly. The baroque altars, for example, have disappeared. The high altar was given to the Assumption Church in Schönholthausen . Some baroque figures, such as the Good Shepherd and half of a Radiant Madonna, remained in the church. Another piece of equipment is the Gothic altar cross. In the tower there is a crucifixion group possibly from Düringer's workshop. The organ was rebuilt in 1997. On the altar in the right side apse is the figure of Saint Cyriacus. At the beginning of 2014 the parish church was renovated again. The renovation work was largely completed by Easter 2015. External renovation is planned for 2020.
Bells
St. Cyriacus has a total of four bells:
| No. | Name / patron | volume | Casting year | Caster | place |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Death knell | fis' | 1652 | Greve | West tower |
| 2 | Marienbell | a ' | 1961 | Petit & Edelbrock Gescher | West tower |
| 3 | Joseph's / Cyriac bell | H' | 1924 | Junker & Edelbrock Brilon | West tower |
| 4th | Transformation bell | ? | 1919 | Bochum Association f.
Cast steel manufacture |
Roof rider,
not ringable |
Individual evidence
- ^ Marina Cremer: Art in the Duchy of Westphalia. An art landscape shaped by the Electorate of Cologne. In: Harm Klueting (Hrsg.): The Duchy of Westphalia, Vol. 1: The Duchy of Westphalia: The Electorate of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009 p. 548
- ↑ Romanische-kirche-berghausen.de: The renovation ( Memento of the original from February 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. accessed on September 17, 2015
- ^ Franz Schmidt: The municipality of Berghausen seen historically . Ed .: Franz Schmidt. Glade Druck, Schmallenberg 2006, p. 22-24 .
literature
- Johannes Arens: The Romanesque church of Saint Cyriacus in Berghausen. In: Sauerland issue 1/2006, pp. 4–8.
- Monika Eisenhauer: Apocalyptic as a political idea. The conception of the medieval church frescoes in Wormbach and Berghausen. Ergon Verlag, Würzburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-95650-154-8 .
- Albert Ludorff : The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia. The Meschede district. Münster 1908, p. 7f.
Web links
- A detailed description of the church can be found at www.romanische-kirche-berghausen.de
- Description of the frescoes, University of Bonn
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 ′ 9.4 " N , 8 ° 14 ′ 40.1" E