St. Martin (Nejdek)
The Roman Catholic Dean Church of St. Martin (Czech Kostel sv. Martina ) is a baroque church building in the center of the Czech town of Nejdek ( German Neudek ) in the Ore Mountains . It has been a protected cultural monument since 1964.
history
The current church is preceded by a Gothic predecessor, which the knight Peter Plick had built between 1341 and 1354. The libris Erektionibus of July 24th 1354 first reported in a document about a church in Neudek in which a new pastor was instructed. The parish probably only consisted of Neudek Castle and the surrounding settlements Thierbach and Hermannsgrün . Excavations at the waterworks from 1909, during which human bones and skeletons were found, also prove the existence of an old cemetery that surrounded the church, but was abandoned before 1600.
Count Christoph Schlick had the interior of the church renewed and put the year 1513 on the ceiling. The church was expanded over the centuries and adapted to contemporary tastes. A few years after the beginning of the Reformation around 1525, Count Schlick had a Lutheran preacher installed in the church. In the course of the Counter-Reformation , pastor Valentin Löwe was expelled from the city by imperial troops in 1624.
The re-introduction of the Catholic church service took place formally on July 22, 1626. Until 1627, Anna Barbara Colonna Freiin von Fels had the Neudek schoolmaster Georg Bachmann perform the baptisms. On November 9, 1627, the Catholic priest Georg Braun began his service in Neudek. After the invasion of Saxon troops in 1631, this was briefly replaced by the pastor Zacharias Adler. Georg Braun returned to Neudek on August 11, 1632, but probably died of the plague in the same year .
From 1641 to 1661 the Cistercian Father Georg de Lanka was pastor of Neudek. At his suggestion, a house and garden were purchased from the church property and a parish school was set up there. In the middle of the 17th century, the tower of the former Neudek Castle was converted into a bell tower for the church building. On behalf of Count Humprecht Czernin, a new eight hundredweight bell was cast in 1656 and hung next to the smaller bell from 1578.
In 1708, the sacristan Maximilian Danhammer, in the knowledge of his wife, robbed the epitaph of Count Schlick. After an embarrassing questioning , he was sentenced to death by the sword for desecration and robbery. It was also the last execution to be carried out in Neudek. Danhammer's wife Anna Elisabeth b. Shoemakers, on the other hand, were punished with blows of the rod and were forever banished from the city and the country.
A renovation took place under Father Johann Jakob Langer in 1711, during which the church roof was covered with new shingles. In 1726 the rectory near the collapse was restored. In 1729 the church yard was expanded and in 1730 the cross chapel was built. In 1741, at the suggestion of the widowed Maria Theresa Countess von Hartig, four Christian missionaries came to Neudek, to whose memory a missionary cross was placed on the right church wall. During the term of office of Father Anton Ignaz Kirchner, it was decided between 1755 and 1756 to fundamentally rebuild the church, which had probably become too small. The old building was built over and enlarged by more than half. Most of the interior furnishings, which are kept in rococo style, also date from this period.
The great famine and plague epidemic in the years 1771 to 1772 killed around 1300 people in the parish. Since there was no more space in the Neudek cemetery, a separate cemetery had to be set up in the Neuhammer, Trinksaifen and Hirschenstand branches until it was enlarged. Some of the deceased were buried behind the houses or the nameless dead were placed in the churchyard without notice. The then pastor Eisenkolb was assigned a third auxiliary priest. In 1773 a comparison was made with the pastor von Frühbuss , who from now on carried out baptisms and visits to the sick in the remote branches of Hirschenstand and Neuhaus. Because of the difficult journey of the parishioners, especially in winter, the Kuratien Neuhammer , Trinksaifen and Hirschenstand were raised to their own parishes on the initiative of the rule in 1783 .
On April 4, 1872 the old parish building burned down to the ground, which was replaced by a new building in 1880. In 1907 the parish church was elevated to the status of a deanery and the parish to a dean. In 1910 the interior received electrical lighting. The church has been a protected cultural monument since February 11, 1964.
description
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The church with a rectangular floor plan closes with a wide circular presbytery to which a sacristy is attached. The walls of the ship are divided by pilasters. A small polygonal bell tower rises on the roof above the presbytery.
Furnishing
Altars
The large altarpiece shows the sacrifice of Abraham, above is a smaller picture of St. To see Martin. Statues on the high altar: Moses, Melchizedek, Aaron and David. On the pedestal under the altar there is a wooden statue of St. Rosalia. The high altar came from the closed Servite monastery of St. Michael in Prague and was acquired for the church in Neudek around 1779.
In the choir room next to the high altar there are two side altars. On the right side altar you can see the image of Maria Coronation of Wood. The altar came from the former civil hospital. The left side altar is decorated with the image of the Sacred Heart. On the right wall of the church there is the Altar of the Assumption with the statues of St. Joachim and St. Anna. Opposite is the altar of St. Nepomuk with the statues of St. Ludmilla and St. Vitus.
organ
An organ from 1778 stood in the organ gallery. In 1906 it was replaced by a newer organ. Old voice trains have been used with the registers.
Tombstones
In the crypt there is a valuable Renaissance tombstone of Count Christoph Schlick who was buried in the church. The following people were buried in the church tombs:
- 1578: Count Christoph Schlick
- 1583: Count Lorenz Schlick
- 1603: Wolf Kaspar Freiherr von Fels
- 1608: Miss Anna Barbara Freiin von Fels
- 1614: Friedrich Colonna Freiherr von Fels
- 1623: Kaspar Colonna Freiherr von Fels
- 1623: Mrs. Margarete Thiesel von Daltitz
- 1628: Miss Euphemia von Haßlau on Kirchberg
- 1654: Mrs. Anna Maria Haßlauer von Haßlau zu Thierbach, b. Salwart
- 1661: Junker Georg Haßlauer von Haßlau zu Thierbach
- 1667: Father Anton Melem
- 1720: Mrs. Regina Eckler
- 1733: Father Johann Jakob Langer (chapel)
- 1735: Father Karl Joseph Ertl
- 1736: Adam Ludwig Graf von Hartig
- 1743: Chaplain Father Johann Hahn
- 1761: Father Anton Ignaz Kirchner
- 1779: Father Karl Eisenkolb
Peal
The two larger bells hung in the keep of the former Neudek Castle, which was converted into a bell tower. The larger, eight hundredweight bell was cast in 1656 by order of Humprecht Johann Graf Czernin von Chudenitz. The inscription read: “Humprecht Joan. Czernin des Heil. Roman Empire Count von Chudenitz, Diana Maria Countess Czernin, née Margravine Hipolita v. Catoldo Anno 1656 to praise God and honor Mary the Virgin the bell was cast. Georgis de Lanka Profess zu Plass Pastor, Balthasar Siegel Hauptmann, Lorenz Leypold, Christoph Wald, Erasmus Pecher, Barth. Leypold Mayor; Benedict Link, Hans Schuster church father, Melchior Mathäus Michelin citizen of Pilsen, poured me in 1656. "
The second smaller, so-called Barbara bell, was cast in 1578 on behalf of Countess Barbara Schlick in memory of her deceased husband and melted down in 1917. It bore the inscription: “In the 1578 year on the Monday before Jakobi, the well-born Herr Christoph, the elder Schlick Graf zu Passaum, Herr zu Weisskirchen, Elbogen and Neudek, the one from his and the well-born, is gently different from this world into eternal life Mrs. Barbara Schlick, Countess, a born of Maschau and Kolovrat and his beloved wife ordered to have this bell poured to the church in the mountain town of Neudek in his gracious memory. Done by the honorable and well-known Brickcium bell founder von Zinnberg in the new city of Prague in 1579. "
In the choir tower of the church hung the mountain bell from 1629, which was melted down in 1917. It bore the inscription: "Cast in 1629 year, there was great unrest in all of Germany".
Surroundings
On the square in front of the church there is a modern Marian column and to the side of the church is a statue of St. Johannes Nepomuk from 1710, as well as a Trinity or Plague column from 1715. The latter was only erected there in 1924. Its original location was in front of the Hotel Post . Originally the church was surrounded by a churchyard, which was abandoned before 1600. The parish were formerly four chapels: the Chapel of the Cross in the old cemetery, the hospital chapel , the chapel and the Hergottswieskapelle .
Marian column
Trinity Column
Statue of St. Johannes Nepomuk
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literature
- Josef Pilz: History of the City of Neudek 2nd Edition , XXVI .: Church and Parish, Ed .: Stadtgemeinde Neudek 1923, p. 204
- Jürgen Peter Sandner: Neudek Elbogen Karlsbad Beautiful cities in the Ore Mountains and Egerland Chronicle and illustrated book , 1st edition, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-923914-70-9
Individual evidence
- ^ Sudeten history. Retrieved January 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Jaroslav Vyčichlo: Nejdek - kostel sv. Martina | Památky a příroda Karlovarska. Retrieved March 1, 2017 .
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia: represented statistically and topographically. Elbogner Kreis . Calve, January 1, 1847 ( google.de [accessed March 1, 2017]).
- ↑ Kronika farnosti | Porta fontium. Retrieved January 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Památkový catalog - kostel sv. Martina. Retrieved January 29, 2019 .
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 19 ′ 32.3 ″ N , 12 ° 44 ′ 0.9 ″ E