St. Nicholas of Tolentino (Rösrath)
St. Nikolaus von Tolentino is a listed Catholic parish church in the center of Rösrath ( North Rhine-Westphalia ), which originally belonged to the building complex of the Augustinian Hermit Monastery of Rösrath . The church is built in the Baroque style, but the design is rather untypical, as the Augustinian hermits only took up stylistic trends of the time to a limited extent when building the monastery church.
description
The church is a high, gable-facing hall building with a three-sided choir closure from 1691 to 1708. Due to dilapidation, the church was extensively renovated in 1903–1908 and partially removed down to the base. The hall, which previously had a flat wooden barrel inside, was given a 5-yoke ribbed vault on short services, which was supported on the outside by double-stepped, sandstone-covered buttress walls between the round windows. A sacristy was built on the south side, above it a gallery with a double arcade opened to the nave. In the east facade of the sacristy, a round-arched portal of the monastery, marked with the year 1684, was reused. A high bell rider is located above the slate roof of the nave. The church and the rectory were part of the Augustinian monastery in Rösrath, which was secularized in 1803. There are three grave crosses at the Catholic parish church. Two of them are fragments of a sandstone cross, one with angular segments, the other time with curved beam ends and angular segments. In both cases there are reliefs of crucifixes. The third grave cross is made of trachyte with pointed bar ends and angular volutes. It is a relief of the wounds of Christ. There is also a cross at the church. It is a mission cross from 1871. It consists of natural stone with a body on a base with an inscription panel. On it are the dates of the following missions: 1891, 1904 and 1908.
history
Previous construction
A Rösrath chapel is mentioned in a document in 1448 . This is probably the oldest documented site of the St. Vitus Chapel, which was still used for church services after the construction of the monastery church began. However, there is no visible trace of this chapel today. The chapel was given to the Augustinian hermits of Cologne in 1672 as a gift from the Archbishop of Cologne, Maximilian Heinrich von Bayern . These began in 1677 with the construction of a monastery building in Rösrath.
Construction of the monastery church
As a forerunner of today's parish church, the monastery church was designed as part of the Augustinian monastery complex. The foundation stone was laid on May 31, 1691, but the actual construction work did not begin until May 1701. On September 3, 1703 there is an entry in the Liber Conventus , the monastery book, about the erection of the little ridge of the church. In 1707 a stage for the choir was built at the entrance to the church. With the completion of the stone floor in 1708, the construction phase was completed - however, the date of the consecration is not known.
The other construction activities also progressed: in 1708 the Augustinians laid out a cemetery. In 1710 they built a school. They begged the money for the buildings in the area. They received permission for this from the Catholic prince Duke Philipp Wilhelm . On September 10, 1795, the church was attacked by French troops and the prior was murdered. Presumably the inventory of the church was partly damaged.
In 1851 the church was placed under the patronage of St. Nicholas of Tolentino.
Rebuilt in 1903
At the beginning of the 20th century the hall church threatened to collapse because the outer walls could no longer withstand the pressure of the roof structure. In 1903 the building was therefore removed to a height of a few meters (lower edge of the window) and rebuilt. Instead of the previously used sandstones, bricks were now walled up. In the process, the peculiar external pillars, which are still characteristic today, were created, which helped the nave to achieve the necessary stability and also made it possible to build a ribbed vault instead of the earlier wooden barrel vault. The west facade was given a stately portal and a large rose window. The sacristy and gallery were added to the east. An old archway of the monastery with the inscription "S. NICOLAE TOL ORA PRO NOBIS" was integrated into the east wall of the sacristy. The painting of the church was carried out by Robert Rosenthal between September 1907 and January 1908. The renovated church was consecrated on July 22, 1908.
Recent restorations
Between 1950 and 1960 the altars, pulpit and figures were restored and the color of the building was revised. The ceiling and wall paintings were whitewashed. The roof turret, which had already been changed several times, was revised again and received its current shape. In 1961 today's rooster came to the top of the church tower.
As part of a renewed renovation phase, a small baptistery was added to the south side wall between 1982 and 1984. The choir was redesigned and made smaller. A new popular altar was installed; to do this, the baroque altars had to be shortened to create space.
When the church entrance on the north side of the church was redesigned in 1998 and 1999, a glass extension was built that optically closed the gap between the church and the parish library.
A major restoration is planned for 2015, including a general cleaning of the pipes on the organ and the rectification of technical deficiencies.
Furnishing
Altars
The choir of the church is equipped with four altars, a high altar, two side altars and a people's altar . The oldest of the three altars is the south side altar, which was created in 1708 by Master Hamecher from Cologne and dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. He was paid for by the monastic community with a grant from the prior. A sculpture of the monk's father Antonius is placed above the figure of the parish priest.
The north side altar dates from 1711 and was donated by the couple Gaudens Schlömer and Christina Engelboich. As the altar of Mary it shows a representation of Our Lady with the baby Jesus. In the upper part there is a sculpture of St. Hubert.
The high altar, which was created in 1748 by the sculptor Jakob Kahle from Attendorn, shows Saint Augustine, founder of the Augustinian order, as the dominant figure of the saint - recognizable by the attribute of a flaming heart, which he holds in his right hand because of his "fiery love of God". A smaller statue of St. Vitus is placed on the entablature of the altar.
The celebration altar (people's altar) made of red marble was made in 1984 by Gerd Reifschneider together with two matching ambon (lectern) and six sediles (seats) for the priests and altar servers. To gain space, the canteens of the old baroque altars were shortened .
pulpit
From the numbers 16 and 39, which are shown in the open book of the Evangelist Mark, the construction time of the pulpit is dated to the year 1639. This was before the construction of the church began, which is why it is believed that it was previously in use elsewhere and was then taken over by the Augustinians. Originally there was direct access to the pulpit from the former monastery building. However, this door was bricked up and the access to the pulpit was realized by a free-standing support and a side staircase. The pulpit made of oak consists of a hexagonal housing. Above is the sound cover with five half-figures designed in relief - Christ in the middle, flanked by two evangelists each. Five other reliefs under the angels' heads of the pulpit represent saints. Mary, depicted as a so-called crescent moon Madonna , is flanked by St. Wilhelm, St. Augustine, St. Nicholas of Tolentino and St. Sebastian.
Stained glass window
The two stained glass windows in the choir are also the two oldest stained glass windows in the church. The lower parts show coats of arms and inscriptions. They date from 1704. The upper parts were inserted around 1900 and show images from the Annunciation and the Ascension of Christ.
The two glass windows on the west facade were designed by Gerd Reifschneider and manufactured by Stefan Schnorrenberg in 1995. The left window shows an alpha surrounded by spring-like flower motifs, while the right window shows an omega in the midst of autumnal nature. Alpha and Omega are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.
The glass window in the baptistery was created by the painter Hans Lünenborg from Cologne.
organ
The lower case of the organ dates from around 1700, while the upper case was built around 1900. The organ itself is an instrument from the Stahlhuth company from Aachen, which was acquired in 1964 and which replaced the Stahlhuth organ from 1911. The organ is positioned on a baroque organ stage and has 23 registers with around 1700 pipes. The organs designed by Georg Stahlhuth with their soft, romantic intonation come closest to the ideas of a baroque organ.
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- Coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
Church bells
The parish church has four church bells that are located under the roof turret. The so-called "memorial bell" dates back to 1872 and shows a Latin inscription that translates as: "I praise the Lord and call the Christians, accompany the dead." It also contains a reference to the former mayor Rohr and his wife who donated the bell. The memorial bell sounds in the tone f ".
The three other bells were cast in 1960. They weigh 220, 160 and 110 kilograms and sound in the tones c ", d" and e "and are dedicated to the three saints Nicholas of Tolentino, Vitus and Ursula.
All four bells are tonally tuned to the Marian antiphon Regina coeli .
Privileges
The restoration work (1903–1908) was largely supported by the Mayer family. As a thank you for this, the family was given the privilege of celebrating the services from the gallery above the sacristy . That is why the gallery is popularly known as: Mayers Hütt .
Monument protection
The parish church, together with three grave crosses and a wayside cross, was entered into the list of listed buildings of the city of Rösrath on October 21, 1985 as a monument no. 42 by resolution of the council of the then municipality of Rösrath .
Monument of the month
The parish church of St. Nikolaus von Tolentino as part of the Rösrath Monastery building complex was presented to the public as Monument of the Month in April 2014 . With the aim of bringing the concerns of monument protection and local historical research into the consciousness of the citizens, the monument of the month brings ten monuments or objects of monument worthiness of the town of Rösrath into the public eye.
literature
- Helmut Wolff (ed.): Catholic parish church Rösrath - St. Nikolaus von Tolentino , Rösrath monuments 6, history association for the community of Rösrath and the surrounding area, Rösrath 1998, ISBN 3-922413-46-3
- Theodor Rutt: Vitus Chapel in Rösrath , in: Rösrath in the course of history, Hope Valley 1970, pp. 121-139
- Eva Marie Ehrig and Michaela Rung-Kraus: St. Nikolaus von Tolentino in Rösrath - experience church - experience church space , Rösrath 2004
- Catholic parish Rösrath: St. Nikolaus at a glance - information for those in a hurry - data on the parish church of St. Nikolaus von Tolentino
Individual evidence
- ↑ St. Nicholas of Tolentino - A Baroque Church? in: Eva Marie Ehrig and Michaela Rung-Kraus: St. Nikolaus von Tolentino in Rösrath - experience church - experience church space , Rösrath 2004, page 17
- ^ Leaflet Monument of the Month No. 6, April 2014 , ed. from the history association Rösrath
- ↑ a b Excerpt from the list of monuments of the municipality of Rösrath
- ↑ Catholic Church Rösrath: 1700 pipes need your help ; Accessed April 10, 2014
- ^ The Queen Needs a Makeover , June 23, 2012; Accessed April 9, 2014
- ↑ Information on the organ
- ↑ Kölner Stadtanzeiger: The Church of the Hermits , edition of April 2, 2014; Accessed April 9, 2014
- ↑ Kölnische Rundschau: Memories of the monastery ; Edition of April 4, 2014
Web links
Coordinates: 50 ° 53 ′ 50 ″ N , 7 ° 11 ′ 0 ″ E