State Broadcasting
As state radio is called radio - or television companies that are owned or under the direct control of the state are. In addition to broadcasters under public and private law, this is the third internationally widespread form of organization for broadcasters.
In contrast to public broadcasting , which is financed from fees and controlled in Germany by a broadcasting council , which is supposed to guarantee the interests of the general public in programming, state broadcasters are directly subordinate to an authority .
history
State broadcasting is particularly widespread in Africa , Asia and South America . State-funded domestic propaganda has been banned in the United States since 1948. It is accordingly controversial that the Pentagon Channel, founded in 2004, can be received by the general public in the USA.
In Germany there were state broadcasting companies at the time of National Socialism ( Großdeutscher Rundfunk ) and the GDR. In the GDR it was the radio of the GDR (radio) and the German television radio . In West Germany, the US occupation forces enforced that radio as a journalistic medium controls the government and not the other way around. Directed against relevant circles, who had a broadcasting system based on the model of the Weimar Republic ( Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft ) in mind, it says in the "Order to establish non-governmental broadcasting facilities" issued by Lucius D. Clay in 1947:
“It is the basic policy of the US military government that control over the means of public opinion, such as the press and radio, be distributed and kept free from government control. Accordingly, Deutsche Post has been prohibited from participating in broadcasting in the US zone of occupation, with the exception of the following functions: a) Collection of license fees […]; b) Provision of the cables required for broadcasting; c) Maintenance of a radio interference suppression service. "
Even if a dual broadcasting system has been established in Germany today , in which public broadcasting instead of state broadcasting plays a central role, the international broadcaster Deutsche Welle is financed by taxpayers' money as a non-profit organization under public law. The employee programs Parliamentary TV of the German Bundestag (1990), Radio Andernach and Bundeswehr TV (2002), which are not aimed at the general public, are also under state influence . In addition, programs from state broadcasting services of other countries, such as the program of the Foreign Service of the Voice of Russia , are or have been broadcast from German soil . The soldier channels AFN and BFBS are also among the foreign state broadcasting services that broadcast from German soil.
Web links
- Jonas Schreijäg: What is "Staatsfunk"? In: Fact Finder , tagesschau.de , October 6, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ansgar Diller (Ed.): Radio and television in Germany. Texts on broadcasting policy from the Weimar Republic to the present. For the secondary level (= universal library 9587 working texts for teaching ). Reclam, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-15-009587-5 , p. 82.
- ↑ More on this in the articles Distance from the State and 1st Broadcasting Judgment of February 28, 1961.