Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft
The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft mbH (RRG) was founded on May 15, 1925 in Berlin as the umbrella organization of the regional broadcasting companies in Germany and existed until its liquidation after the Second World War .
prehistory
The first regular voice radio service in Germany was the business broadcast on long wave launched on September 1, 1922 by Ernst Ludwig Voss (Foreign Office) . In coordination with Hans Bredow ( Reichspost ), Voss subsequently tried to find private investors to found regional companies that were supposed to organize broadcasting for the general public (“entertainment broadcasting”). This is how nine regional broadcasting companies were founded, which gradually began operations:
| No. | Surname | Seat | Establishment date | Main stakeholders | Start of transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Funk hour AG | Berlin | Dec 10, 1923 | Vox record and speaking machines AG |
Oct. 29, 1923 (400 m , 250 W ) |
| 2 | Nordic Broadcasting Corporation (Norag) | Hamburg | Jan. 16, 1924 | Friedrich Julius Christian Blonck (grain trade), Peter Kruse (banker) |
May 2, 1924 (395 m, 700 W) |
| 3 | Ostmarken Rundfunk AG (Orag) | Koenigsberg | Jan. 2, 1924 | initially: Walter Zabel (electrical trade); then: Messeamt of the city of Königsberg |
June 14, 1924 (463 m, 500 W) |
| 4th | Südwestdeutsche Rundfunk AG (SWR / Süwrag) | Frankfurt am Main | December 7, 1923 | Carl Adolf Schleussner ( Photo Industry ) |
April 1, 1924 (470 m, 1500 W) |
| 5 | Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (Wefag), 1927: Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (Werag) | Münster , only 1927: Cologne | Sep 15 1924 | Richard Tormin (City of Münster), 7 chambers of industry and commerce |
Oct 10, 1924 (407 m, 700 W) |
| 6th | Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (Sürag) | Stuttgart | 3rd Mar 1924 | Theodor Wanner ; 33 shareholders |
May 11, 1924 (437 m, 250 W) |
| 7th | German hour in Bavaria GmbH | Munich | Sep 18 1922 | Deutsche Bank Munich, various industrial and trading companies |
30th Mar 1924 (485 m, 250 W) |
| 8th | Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (Mirag) | Leipzig | Jan. 22, 1924 | Exhibition Office of the City of Leipzig , Edgar Herfurth (press publisher) |
2nd Mar 1924 (452 m?) |
| 9 | Schlesische Funkstunde AG | Wroclaw | Apr 4, 1924 | Otto Lummer (physics professor) and 4 others |
May 26, 1924 (416 m?) |
In principle, all companies had to surrender 51% of their shares and three supervisory board positions to the Reich Ministry of Post, represented by Heinrich Giesecke , to the Reich Ministry of the Interior, represented by Ernst Heilmann ( Dradag ), and to the German hour , represented by Voss. This was financed initially by 60% of the license fee revenue in those Oberpostdirektion areas for which they made program (from 1930, the proportion which the Post led away, below 50%, the fee for radio reception was from 1 April 1924 to 31 December 1969 (West Germany) or until October 2, 1990 (East Germany) 2 Marks per month).
There was only an umbrella organization in the form of the Reich Radio Association .
Broadcasting regulations of 1925 and 1932
As part of the approval of broadcasting operations, the broadcasting regulations of 1925 , in addition to the establishment of monitoring committees and cultural advisory boards with the participation of the federal states, provided for the broadcasting companies to set up the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft as an umbrella organization (the company Deutsche Reichspost -DRP- in February 1926 51 % of the shares received) and also transferred 51% of their own shares to the Reichspost, whereby the RRG should exercise the voting rights as trustee of the DRP.
On May 5, 1925, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft mbH, based in Berlin, was founded by the five companies in Leipzig, Hamburg, Breslau, Frankfurt and Königsberg; the companies in Berlin, Munster and Stuttgart also joined after sometimes lengthy negotiations, while Munich did not join until 1931 due to financial bottlenecks. On March 1, 1926, the RRG had an average of 53.3% of the votes in its affiliated broadcasting companies. If one also takes into account the shares of the state governments and Dradag, the state influence in the societies was 62.1% and rose to 75.5% by 1929.
The managing directors of the RRG were Kurt Magnus and Heinrich Giesecke, chairman of the administrative board Hans Bredow, who resigned from the postal service for this purpose and was now entitled "Broadcasting Commissioner of the Reich Postal Minister". The number of RRG employees rose from 20 in 1926 to 206 at the end of 1931.
The statutory task of the RRG was the "central management" (in particular organizational and economic control) of the affiliated broadcasting companies, according to the requirements of the Reichspost. From 1932 onwards, the shares of the Reichspost fee revenue due to the broadcasting companies were distributed via the RRG as the central allocation point.
The RRG's own radio transmission operation was excluded by its statutes, but the RRG acquired Deutsche Welle GmbH from Voss in 1925 , and the radio service formally supported by this GmbH and opened on January 7, 1926 via the long wave Königs Wusterhausen , actually developed into one RRG's own program. In the beginning it was partly a result of takeovers from the broadcasting companies (especially Funk-Hour Berlin) and partly of its own educational program (“lecture service”), but it soon became a nationwide full program under the name “Deutschlandsender”. From June 15, 1932, there was also an “hour of the Reich government”, which was broadcast by all German broadcasters. In addition to the long wave, the " World Broadcasting - Shortwave Transmitter " , which was also opened in Zeesen on August 26, 1929, also appeared .
The Dradag , a foundation from the area of the Reich Ministry of the Interior, with the participation of the Reich Association of the German Press , the news agencies WTB and TU (which themselves have been organizing press radio on long wave since 1924) and the Berlin publishers Mosse and Scherl, became the “news center of German radio “(Editor-in-Chief 1926–32: Josef Räuscher). Political control of broadcasting lay with the Reich Ministry of the Interior and the federal states.
Technically, the time was shaped by the establishment of additional secondary stations, studios and high-performance major stations:
| No. | society | Broadcast house | Intendant 1930 | Large transmitters with power in kW | Sub / intermediate channels | Studios | The End |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Funk hour AG | Berlin, Haus des Rundfunks , Masurenallee 8-14 | Hans Flesch |
December 20, 1933 Berlin 100 |
Stettin Jan. 1926 (until Dec. 1928 with studio), Magdeburg Dec. 1928, East Berlin Jan. 1929 (Jan. 1929 to Jan. 1934 first single-frequency network ) | Apr. 24, 1945 | |
| 2 | Nordic Broadcasting Corporation (Norag) | Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 132-134 | Hans Bodenstedt |
Jan 15, 1934 Hamburg 100 |
Bremen Nov. 1924, Hanover Dec. 1924, Kiel March 1926, Flensburg Dec. 1928 | Schwerin | May 13, 1945 ( Flensburg ) |
| 3 | Ostmarken Rundfunk AG (Orag) | Königsberg, Hansaring 21–25 (today: Prospect Mira 1) | Joseph Christean |
Dec. 15, 1930 Heilsberg 60 |
Koenigsberg ; indirect: Danzig 1926 | Blown up on Jan. 31, 1945 | |
| 4th | Südwestdeutsche Rundfunk AG (SWR / Süwrag) | Frankfurt, Eschersheimer Landstr. 33 | Wilhelm Schüller |
October 28, 1932 Frankfurt 15 |
Kassel Jan. 1925, Trier 1932 (with studio until 1936) | Mainz | 25th Mar 1945 (Bad Nauheim) |
| 5 | Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (Werag) | Cologne, Dagobertstr. 38 | Ernst Hardt |
Jan 15, 1927 Langenberg 40 (1931: 60) |
Muenster; Cologne , Aachen March 1928 (April 1930 to March 1932 second single-frequency network) | Dortmund, Elberfeld (each secondary transmitter Sept. 1925 to Jan. 1927) | Blown up April 12, 1945 |
| 6th | Süddeutsche Rundfunk AG (Sürag) | Stuttgart, Old Orphanage , Charlottenplatz 1 | Alfred Bofinger |
Nov. 21, 1930 Mühlacker 60 |
Stuttgart ; Freiburg Nov. 1926 (assigned to Frankfurt 1933–39) | Karlsruhe, Mannheim | Blown up April 5, 1945 |
| 7th | Bayerische Rundfunk GmbH | Munich, Rundfunkplatz 1 | Kurt von Boeckmann |
December 3, 1932 Munich 60 |
Nuremberg, August 1924; Intermediate station without studio: Augsburg Sept. 1927, Kaiserslautern Feb. 1928 (1934 in Frankfurt, 1936 in Saarbrücken) | Apr. 29, 1945 | |
| 8th | Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk AG (Mirag) | Leipzig, market 8 | Ludwig Neubeck |
October 28, 1932 Leipzig 120 |
Dresden, February 1925 | Chemnitz, Erfurt, Weimar; Dessau, Eisenach, Gera, Halle, Jena, Sondershausen | March 1945 |
| 9 | Schlesische Funkstunde AG | Breslau, Julius-Schottländer-Str. 8 (today: Aleja Karkonoska) | Fritz Walter Bischoff |
27 Aug 1932 Breslau 60 |
Gliwice Nov 1925 | Dismantled February 7, 1945 | |
| 10 | Deutsche Welle GmbH (German broadcaster) | Berlin, Haus des Rundfunks , Masurenallee 8-14 | Johann Georg Hermann Schubotz |
December 20, 1927 Zeesen 24 (1930: 32; 1932: 60) |
April 21, 1945 ( Herzberg ) |
In 1927, the broadcasting companies' programs consisted of 39% music, 35% news and information (“general part”), 16% lecture service and 10% literature.
In 1931, RRG, together with Deutscher Welle and Funk-Stunden, moved into the new broadcasting house in Ostpreußen- / Masurenallee .
The broadcasting regulations of 1932 went back to Erich Scholz (Reich Ministry of the Interior) and determined the conversion of broadcasting companies from stock corporations with private minority owners (which were only of some importance in Frankfurt and Hamburg anyway) to purely state-owned companies with limited liability (51% Post, 49% states; these were: in Berlin , Cologne , Breslau and Königsberg alone Prussia, in Hamburg Prussia, Hamburg, Bremen and Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Leipzig Saxony, Prussia and Thuringia, in Frankfurt Prussia and Hesse, in Stuttgart Württemberg and Baden and in Munich only Bavaria).
The Dradag became a department of the RRG as Der Drahtlose Dienst (DDD) with Hans Fritzsche as editor-in-chief.
The RRG 1933–1945
With the National Socialist upheaval , the regional companies became branches of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft. This strengthening of the RRG was followed by extensive disempowerment after the start of the war.
Initially, the broadcasting competencies were transferred from the Reich Ministry of Post and Interior to the newly established Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda . From April 1, 1933, there was a uniform “Hour of the Nation” several times a week in the evening across all German broadcasters. The broadcasting companies ceded their RRG shares to the new ministry on July 8, 1933. The federal states transferred their holdings in the broadcasting companies to the RRG. The regional broadcasting companies were then liquidated, mostly in the course of 1934 (Leipzig 1935, Munich 1937). From April 1, 1934, the previous names were standardized according to the Reichssender (headquarters) scheme . Most of the license fee went to the Propaganda Ministry, while the post office and the RRG only received "severance payments", so that the RRG's share of the 2 RM license fee rose from 65 pfennigs (32.5%) in 1933/34 to 38 pfennigs (19. 1%) fell in 1939/40. Radio advertising , which had existed since 1924, was banned in 1935/36.
Map of the main and secondary stations 1937 with frequencies |
Broadcasting Commissioner Bredow had submitted his resignation on January 30, 1933, RRG managing director Magnus did the same on April 3. The directors Eugen Hadamovsky ("Reichssendeleiter", program design), Hermann Voss (administration) and Claus Hubmann (technology) took his and Gieseckes place in the RRG ; Walther Funk (1933–38) was the new chairman of the board . In November 1934 the "Reichs-Rundfunk-Trial" began, an 89-day show trial initiated by Eugen Hadamovsky against some of the leaders of the "Systemrundfunk". Bredow and Flesch's conviction by the Berlin Regional Court for participating in party betrayals was overturned by the Reich Court in February 1937, and the proceedings before the Berlin Regional Court were then discontinued in March 1938.
Also at the top of the individual broadcasting companies there were immediate personnel changes (exception Stuttgart: Bofinger), in Berlin even before the so-called “seizure of power” (Kolb). Von Boeckmann moved from Munich to the German shortwave transmitter , which with him was given his own artistic director and had just started his regular foreign service on April 1, 1933; its number of employees rose from 7 in 1933 to 242 in March 1938.
The establishment of the three broadcasting groups West (Frankfurt, Cologne, Stuttgart), North (Hamburg, Berlin, Königsberg) and Southeast (Munich, Leipzig, Breslau) at the end of 1933 / beginning of 1934 remained an episode.
While music records were originally made available to the radio by the manufacturers free of charge with a view to their advertising effect, an agreement was no longer reached in 1933, and the RRG lost a trial brought by the record industry before the Reichsgericht in 1936.
Via the Paul Nipkow television station in Berlin-Witzleben , the German television broadcasting company began operations in the spring of 1935 ; Hans-Jürgen Nierentz became the first director two years later (number of employees: 32). For the 1936 Olympics, eight hours of programming were played a day, but the reception facilities were limited to 25 television rooms in Berlin, one in Potsdam and two in Leipzig.
The Reichsrundfunkkammer (1933–39; President: Horst Dreßler-Andreß ), as part of the Reich Chamber of Culture, made a contribution to the " synchronization " of cultural life by covering all persons who work in industry and trade in the radio industry, in the listeners' associations or publishers of radio magazines were. From 1935 the employees of the RRG were also part of it.
In March 1937 Heinrich Glasmeier von Goebbels was appointed "Reichsintendent of German Broadcasting and General Director of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft".
Subsequently, after the incorporation of the Saar area in 1935, the Reichsender Saarbrücken , after the " Anschluss of Austria " in 1938, the Reichsender Wien , after the establishment of the Protectorate in 1939, the Reichsender Böhmen and with the start of the war the Reichsender Danzig, so that by the end of 1939 there were thirteen Reichsender for domestic coverage (with secondary transmitters) and the 500 kW strong Germany transmitter III . From 1939 onwards the term “ Großdeutscher Rundfunk ” was used for broadcasting. In the further course of the war, the RRG was expanded to include the transmitter Luxembourg ( Junglinster ) and the transmitter groups Gouvernement (Lodsch), Ostland (Riga) and Ukraine (Kiev). The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft had been located in the Upper Austrian Abbey of St. Florian since 1941 , where Anton Bruckner had worked in the 19th century . Rudolf Schulz-Dornburg acted as music officer and was supposed to set up a Bruckner transmitter here in the final phase of the war .
| No. | Channel | Main freq. in kHz |
ladder | new (secondary) channels |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Germany broadcaster | 191 | 1933– Goetz Otto Stoffregen | |
| 2 | Reichsender Berlin | 841 | 1933 Richard Kolb , 1933–34 Friedrich Arenhövel , 1934–37 Walther Beumelburg, 1937– Goetz Otto Stoffregen | Poznan 1939 |
| 3 | Reichsender Hamburg | 904 | 1933–45 Gustav Grupe | Stolp 1938 (1933/34 Gleichwelle H-FL-HB-MD-Stettin) |
| 4th | Reichsender Königsberg | 1031 | 1933–35 Siegfried Haenicke , 1938? –45 Alfred Lau | Memel 1939 |
| 5 | Reichsender Frankfurt | 1195 | 1933–34 Walther Beumelburg, 1934–38 Hanns-Otto Fricke, 1938–41 Paul Lambert Werber; Ludwig Fries | Koblenz 1935 (1933/35 single wave F-TR-KS-FR-KL-KO) |
| 6th | Reich broadcaster Cologne | 658 | 1933–37 Heinrich Glasmeier , 1937–41 Toni Winkelnkemper ; Martin Rockenbach | |
| 7th | Reichsender Stuttgart | 574 | 1924–45 Alfred Bofinger | Bregenz , Freiburg 1939 (single wave) |
| 8th | Reichsender Munich | 740 | 1933 Richard Kolb, 1934–45 Hellmuth Habersbrunner | Augsburg, Bayreuth (studios); Innsbruck , Salzburg (single wave) |
| 9 | Reichsender Leipzig | 785 | 1933–45 Carl Stueber | |
| 10 | Reich broadcaster Breslau | 950 | 1933–34 Hans Roeseler, 1934–37 Hans Kriegler, 1937–38 Karl Gunzer, 1938–45 Hanns-Otto Fricke | Görlitz 1937, Troppau 1938, Kattowitz 1939 (single wave) |
| 11 | Reichsender Saarbrücken | 1249 | 1935–38 Adolf Raskin , 1938–45 Karl Mages | Kaiserslautern (from 1936) |
| 12 | Imperial broadcaster Vienna | 592 | 1938 Franz Pesendorfer, Adolf Raskin, Karl Gunzer, Karl Mages, 1941–45 Franz Huber | Linz , Graz, Klagenfurt |
| 13 | Reich broadcaster Bohemia | 1113 | 1939–41 Hans-Günther Marek, 1942–45 Ferdinand Thürmer (broadcasting group Bohemia-Moravia) | Prague, Brno, Moravian-Ostrava |
| 14th | Reich broadcaster Danzig | 1303 | 1939 Wolfgang Diewerge , 1939–41 Carl-Heinz Boese , 1942– Harry Moss | Thorn |
| 15th | Channel Luxembourg | 232 | 1940 Friedrich Castelle, 1942 Albert Perizonius | |
| 16 | Broadcasting group governorate | 224 | 1940– Hans-Otto Fricke (Breslau) | Lodsch, Krakow, Warsaw; Lviv |
| 17th | Ostland broadcasting group | 1258 | 1941– Hans Kriegler | Reval, Dorpat, Turgel; Modohn, Goldingen, Libau; Chewing, Vilnius; Minsk, Baranowitschi; Smolensk |
| 18th | Channel group Ukraine | 832/977 | 1941– Heinz Freiberger | Vinnitsa, Zhitomir |
| 19th | European transmitter | LW , MW | 1941–45 Toni Winkelnkemper | LW: Allouis , Friesland (Hilversum / Kootwijk), Luxembourg , Minsk, Oslo, Vistula (Lodsch / Bremen 2); MW: Alps ( Graz-Dobl ), Bordeaux, Bremen ( Norden-Osterloog ), Calais, Danube ( Dobrochau ), Paris-Argenteuil, Prague, Rennes-Thourie |
| 20th | Overseas channels | KW | 1933–40 Kurt von Boeckmann , 1940 Adolf Raskin, 1941–45 Toni Winkelnkemper | u. a. Munich-Ismaning , Oebisfelde , Elmshorn ; Podiebrad , Huizen (PCJ) / Kootwijk (PCV), Allouis ; Kiev |
| 21st | Secret transmitter "Concordia" | KW | 1940– Erich Hetzler | |
| 22nd | German television broadcasting | VHF | 1935–37 Carl Boese , 1937–39 Hans-Jürgen Nierentz , 1939– Herbert Engler |
The program offered by the "Großdeutschen Rundfunks", however, became smaller and smaller due to the war: from June 1940 ( Western campaign ) there were essentially only two programs, the Reich program on the Reich broadcasters (with few regional windows in the morning) and the program from the Deutschlandsender . In 1942 the Reich broadcasters in Cologne, Saarbrücken, Stuttgart and Leipzig completely stopped their program delivery.
The program management passed more and more from the RRG to the Propaganda Ministry (head of the radio department: 1931 Dreßler-Andreß , 1937 Kriegler, 1939 Berndt , 1940 Hadamovsky , 1941 Diewerge , 1942 Fritzsche , who was also responsible for the political-propagandistic broadcasts, while Hans Hinkel was responsible for the entertaining and artistic programs ). The Wehrmacht was also involved ( Wehrmacht report of the OKW , front reports of the propaganda companies as forms of war reporting ; comradeship service, request concert for the Wehrmacht , Christmas ring broadcast , "hour for our soldiers" as forms of troop support ).
Foreign service
In contrast, the international service (" Germany Calling ") recorded an increase . In 1940, a foreign directorate was set up in the RRG under Adolf Raskin , then Toni Winkelnkemper , consisting of the four organizational units “ The German Overseas Broadcasters ”, “The German European Broadcasters” (DES), the secret broadcasters under the name “Concordia” and an “International Office Broadcasting ". At the beginning of 1943, 279 official foreign news services were broadcast daily in 53 languages (150 by the European broadcasters, 129 by the overseas broadcasters). The secret channels included programs u. a. towards France ( Radio Humanité ; Voix de la Paix ), England (Concordia N, New British Broadcasting Station ; Concordia S, Workers 'Challenge ), Egypt (Concordia A, voice of the free Arabs - صوت العروبة الحرة Ṣaut al-ʿurūba' l -ḥurra), India (Concordia H, Voice of Free India - Voice of Free India / Free India Radio / आज़ाद हिन्द रेडियो Āzād Hind Reḍiyo), Russia (Concordia V, Old Guard of Lenin - Старая гвардия Ленина; secret channel Z, agent channel) and the USA ( Station Debunk, the Station of all free Americans ).
In addition, the Foreign Office in 1940 briefed the Special Service Seehaus you to listen to foreign broadcasts scheduled by so-called "monitors" and (. Eg founded in 1941 for participation in foreign broadcasting companies Radio Monte Carlo ), the Inter Radio GmbH (Zurich). At the beginning of 1942, Interradio was transferred to a joint stock company of the Foreign Office and the Propaganda Ministry, integrating the Seehaus special service; KG Kiesinger acted as a liaison between the two ministries . In July 1943, the Radio-Union GmbH of the Propaganda Ministry, which had been supposed to organize German commercial advertising abroad since 1941, was also absorbed. The Inter radio owned subsidiaries in Bucharest, Belgrade, Zemun, Zurich, Monte Carlo, Oslo, a branch in Sofia and a representative in Tirana; her area of work included broadcasters in Athens ( AERE ) and Shanghai ( XGRS ).
List of transmitter locations
| No. | place | Coordinates | Beginning | The End | Affiliation | March 1925 kHz (m) |
Nov. 1926 kHz |
Jan. 1929 kHz |
Jun. 1929 kHz |
Jan. 1934 kHz |
Jun. 1939 kHz |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aachen | 50 ° 46 ′ 34 " N , 6 ° 5 ′ 2" E | 1928 | 1932 | Cologne | - | - | 658 | 662 | - | - |
| 2 | augsburg | 48 ° 22 '10 " N , 10 ° 53' 38" E | 1927 | 1935 | Munich | - | - | 559 | 536 | 1465 | - |
| 3 | Berlin-Magdeburger Platz | 52 ° 30 ′ 16 " N , 13 ° 21 ′ 35" E | 1924 | 1927 | Berlin | 594.1 (505) | 620 | - | - | - | - |
| 4th | Berlin joke life | 52 ° 30 ′ 18 " N , 13 ° 16 ′ 41" E | 1925 | 1935 | Berlin | 1034.5 (290) | 530 | 631 | 716 | (834?) | - |
| 5 | Berlin-Boxhagener Str. | 52 ° 30 ′ 48 ″ N , 13 ° 27 ′ 24 ″ E | 1929 | 1934 | Berlin | - | - | 1270? | 1058 | - | - |
| 6th | Berlin Tegel | 52 ° 34 '8 " N , 13 ° 17' 36" E | 1933 | 1945 | Berlin | - | - | - | - | 841 | 841 |
| 7th | Bremen-Domsheide | 53 ° 4 ′ 27 " N , 8 ° 48 ′ 35" E | 1924 | 1933 | Hamburg | 909.1 (330) | 750 | 775 | 887 | - | - |
| 8th | Bremen-Utbremer Str. | 53 ° 5 ′ 44 " N , 8 ° 47 ′ 30" E | 1933 | 1945 | Hamburg | - | - | - | - | 1330 | 1330 |
| 9 | Wroclaw Upper Mining Authority | 51 ° 5 ′ 20 " N , 17 ° 0 ′ 58" E | 1924 | 1925 | Wroclaw | 717.7 (418) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | Breslau -Krietern | 51 ° 4 ′ 18 ″ N , 17 ° 0 ′ 24 ″ E | 1925 | 1932 | Wroclaw | - | 930 | 937 | 1184 | - | - |
| 11 | Breslau-Rothsürben | 50 ° 59 ′ 0 ″ N , 17 ° 1 ′ 17 ″ E | 1932 | 1945 | Wroclaw | - | - | - | - | 950 | 950 |
| 12 | Gdansk Telegraph Office | 54 ° 20 ′ 54 ″ N , 18 ° 39 ′ 1 ″ E | 1926 | 1945 | Koenigsberg | - | 1100 | 658 | 662 | 1303 | 1303 |
| 13 | Dortmund | 51 ° 30 ′ 41 " N , 7 ° 24 ′ 41" E | 1925 | 1927 | Cologne (Munster) | - | 1060 | - | - | - | - |
| 14th | Dresden | 51 ° 2 ′ 54 " N , 13 ° 44 ′ 26" E | 1925 | 1945 | Leipzig | 1071.4 (280) | 1020 | 775 | 941 | 1285? | 1465 |
| 15th | Elberfeld | 51 ° 14 ′ 0 ″ N , 7 ° 9 ′ 4 ″ E | 1925 | 1927 | Cologne (Munster) | - | 640 | - | - | - | - |
| 16 | Flensburg | 54 ° 47 ′ 22 ″ N , 9 ° 27 ′ 8 ″ E | 1928 | 1945 | Hamburg | - | - | ? | 1373 | 1330 | 1330 |
| 17th | Frankfurt Post Office | 50 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 40 ′ 55 ″ E | 1924 | 1926 | Frankfurt | 638.3 (470) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 18th | Frankfurt-Heiligenstock | 50 ° 9 ′ 17 " N , 8 ° 42 ′ 40" E | 1926 | 1945 | Frankfurt | - | 700 | 712 | 770 | 1195 | 1195 |
| 19th | Freiburg trade school | 48 ° 0 ′ 2 " N , 7 ° 49 ′ 44" E | 1926 | 1934 | Stuttgart | - | 520 | 52? | 527 | - | - |
| 20th | Freiburg fiefdom | 48 ° 0 ′ 49 " N , 7 ° 47 ′ 38" E | 1933 | 1945 | Frankfurt, 1939 Stuttgart |
- | - | - | - | 1195 | 1294 |
| 21st | Gleiwitz-Radauner Str. | 50 ° 17 ′ 36 " N , 18 ° 38 ′ 29" E | 1925 | 1935 | Wroclaw | - | 1200 | 919 | 923 | - | - |
| 22nd | Gleiwitz-Tarnowitzer Str. | 50 ° 18 ′ 48 ″ N , 18 ° 41 ′ 20 ″ E | 1935 | 1945 | Wroclaw | - | - | - | - | 1231 | 1231 |
| 23 | Goerlitz-Reichenbach | 51 ° 8 ′ 44 " N , 14 ° 48 ′ 12" E | 1937 | 1945 | Wroclaw | - | - | - | - | - | 1231 |
| 24 | Hamburg telephone exchange | 53 ° 34 ′ 7 ″ N , 9 ° 59 ′ 8 ″ E | 1924 | 1925 | Hamburg | 759.5 (395) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25th | Hamburg-Lokstedt | 53 ° 35 ′ 46 " N , 9 ° 58 ′ 35" E | 1925 | 1934 | Hamburg | - | 760 | 766 | 896 | - | - |
| 26th | Hamburg-Billwerder-Moorfleet | 53 ° 31 '10 " N , 10 ° 6' 12" E | 1934 | 1945 | Hamburg | - | - | - | - | 904 | 904 |
| 27 | Hanover-Bornumer Str. | 52 ° 21 '39 " N , 9 ° 42' 50" E | 1924 | 1933 | Hamburg | 1013.5 (296) | 1010 | 530 | 536 | - | - |
| 28 | Hanover-Hainholz | 52 ° 23 ′ 37 " N , 9 ° 42 ′ 18" E | 1933 | 1940 | Hamburg | - | - | - | - | 1330 | 1330 |
| 29 | Heilsberg | 54 ° 8 ′ 24 " N , 20 ° 33 ′ 47" E | 1930 | 1945 | Koenigsberg | - | - | - | - | 1031 | 1031 |
| 30th | Herzberg | 51 ° 42 ′ 55 " N , 13 ° 15 ′ 53" E | 1939 | 1945 | Germany broadcaster | - | - | - | - | - | 191 |
| 31 | Kaiserslautern | 49 ° 27 ′ 26 ″ N , 7 ° 46 ′ 20 ″ E | 1928 | 1945 | Munich, 1934 Frankfurt, 1936 Saarbrücken |
- | - | 1080 | 1112 | 1195 | 1429 |
| 32 | kassel | 51 ° 18 ′ 56 " N , 9 ° 29 ′ 11" E | 1925 | 1945 | Frankfurt | 1060.1 (283) | 1100 | 1200 | 1220 | 1195 | 1195 |
| 33 | Kiel | 54 ° 19 ′ 58 ″ N , 10 ° 4 ′ 5 ″ E | 1926 | 1934 | Hamburg | - | 1180 | 1200 | 1220 | - | - |
| 34 | Koblenz | 50 ° 22 ′ 31 ″ N , 7 ° 35 ′ 8 ″ E | 1935 | 1945 | Frankfurt | - | - | - | - | 1195 | 1195 |
| 35 | Cologne | 50 ° 53 ′ 49 " N , 6 ° 57 ′ 40" E | 1928 | 1932 | Cologne (Munster) | - | - | 1140 | 1319 | - | - |
| 36 | King Wusterhausen | 52 ° 18 ′ 18 ″ N , 13 ° 37 ′ 1 ″ E | 1926 | 1927 | Germany broadcaster | - | 240 | - | - | - | - |
| 37 | Königsberg-Pregelwiesen | 54 ° 42 ′ 35 " N , 20 ° 32 ′ 23" E | 1924 | 1926 | Koenigsberg | 647.9 (463) | 990 | - | - | - | - |
| 38 | Königsberg-Amalienau | 54 ° 42 ′ 52 " N , 20 ° 28 ′ 8" E | 1926 | 1945 | Koenigsberg | - | (990) | 1070 | 1085 | 1348 | 1348 |
| 39 | Langenberg | 51 ° 21 '23 " N , 7 ° 8' 3" E | 1927 | 1945 | Cologne | - | - | 649 | 635 | 658 | 658 |
| 40 | Leipzig-Johannishospital | 51 ° 19 ′ 59 " N , 12 ° 23 ′ 36" E | 1924 | 1926 | Leipzig | 660.8 (454) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 41 | Leipzig trade fair | 51 ° 19 ′ 9 ″ N , 12 ° 24 ′ 2 ″ E | 1926 | 1932 | Leipzig | - | 840 | 829 | 1157 | - | - |
| 42 | Leipzig-Wiederau | 51 ° 11 ′ 6 " N , 12 ° 16 ′ 48" E | 1932 | 1945 | Leipzig | - | - | - | - | 785 | 785 |
| 43 | Magdeburg | 52 ° 7 ′ 57 " N , 11 ° 37 ′ 53" E | 1928 | 1944 | Berlin, Hamburg | - | - | 1270? | 1058 | 1330 | 1330 |
| 44 | Melnik | 14 ° 31 '10 " N , 50 ° 22' 19" E | 1939 | 1945 | Bohemia | - | - | - | - | - | 1113 |
| 45 | Memel | 55 ° 42 ′ 1 ″ N , 21 ° 12 ′ 42 ″ E | 1939 | 1944 | Koenigsberg | - | - | - | - | - | 565 |
| 46 | Munich-Arnulfstr. | 48 ° 8 ′ 32 " N , 11 ° 33 ′ 14" E | 1924 | 1927 | Munich | 618.6 (485) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 47 | Munich-Stadelheim | 48 ° 5 ′ 59 " N , 11 ° 35 ′ 31" E | 1926 | 1932 | Munich | - | 560 | 559 | 563 | - | - |
| 48 | Munich-Ismaning | 48 ° 15 ′ 7 ″ N , 11 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E | 1932 | 1945 | Munich | - | - | - | - | 740 | 740 |
| 49 | Muenster | 51 ° 57 ′ 0 ″ N , 7 ° 38 ′ 17 ″ E | 1924 | 1932 | Cologne (Munster) | 731.7 (410) | 1240 | 1200 | 1283 | - | - |
| 50 | Nuremberg Oberpostdirektion | 49 ° 26 '49 " N , 11 ° 5' 5" E | 1924 | 1926 | Munich | 882.4 (340) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 51 | Nuremberg-Kleinreuth | 49 ° 26 ′ 38 " N , 11 ° 0 ′ 31" E | 1926 | 1945 | Munich | - | 910 | 1240 | 1256 | 1267 | 519 |
| 52 | Saarbrücken-Heusweiler | 49 ° 20 ′ 42 " N , 6 ° 54 ′ 52" E | 1935 | 1945 | Saarbrücken | - | - | - | - | - | 1249 |
| 53 | Stettin-Zabelsdorf | 53 ° 25 ′ 41 ″ N , 14 ° 32 ′ 52 ″ E | 1925 | 1934 | Berlin | - | 1190 | 1270 | 1058 | - | - |
| 54 | Stettin-König-Albert-Str. | 53 ° 25 ′ 41 ″ N , 14 ° 32 ′ 52 ″ E | 1934 | 1945 | Hamburg | - | - | - | - | 1330 | 1330 |
| 55 | Stumble | 54 ° 23 ′ 0 ″ N , 17 ° 10 ′ 0 ″ E | 1938 | 1945 | Hamburg | - | - | - | - | - | 1330 |
| 56 | Stuttgart-Feuerbach | 48 ° 48 '36 " N , 9 ° 10' 51" E | 1924 | 1926 | Stuttgart | 677.2 (443) | - | - | - | - | - |
| 57 | Stuttgart-Degerloch | 48 ° 44 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 10 ′ 30 ″ E | 1926 | 1930 | Stuttgart | - | 790 | 802 | 833 | - | - |
| 58 | Stuttgart-Mühlacker | 48 ° 56 ′ 28 " N , 8 ° 51 ′ 8" E | 1930 | 1945 | Stuttgart | - | - | - | - | 574 | 574 |
| 59 | trier | 49 ° 46 ′ 8 " N , 6 ° 39 ′ 27" E | 1933 | 1945 | Frankfurt | - | - | - | - | 1195 | 1195 |
| 60 | Troppau-Schönbrunn | 49 ° 48 ′ 40 " N , 18 ° 11 ′ 30" E | 1938 | 1939 | Wroclaw | - | - | - | - | - | 1204 |
| 61 | Zeesen | 52 ° 16 ′ 28 " N , 13 ° 37 ′ 3" E | 1927 | 1939 |
Germany transmitter ; Shortwave transmitter |
- | - | 182 | 183.5 | 191 | - |
| 58 | Dornbirn-Lauterach | 47 ° 26 ′ 55 " N , 9 ° 42 ′ 7" E | 1938 | 1945 | Stuttgart | - | - | - | - | - | 1294 |
| 59 | Graz-St. Peter | 47 ° 3 ′ 14 " N , 15 ° 27 ′ 55" E | 1938 | 1945 | Vienna | - | - | - | - | - | 886 |
| 60 | Innsbruck-Aldrans | 47 ° 15 ′ 11 " N , 11 ° 26 ′ 51" E | 1938 | 1945 | Munich | - | - | - | - | - | 519 |
| 61 | Klagenfurt | 46 ° 37 ′ 34 " N , 14 ° 19 ′ 30" E | 1938 | 1945 | Vienna | - | - | - | - | - | 886 |
| 62 | Linz | 48 ° 17 ′ 51 ″ N , 14 ° 16 ′ 3 ″ E | 1938 | 1945 | Vienna | - | - | - | - | - | 1267 |
| 63 | Salzburg | 47 ° 47 '46 " N , 13 ° 2' 26" E | 1938 | 1945 | Munich | - | - | - | - | - | 519 |
| 64 | Vienna-Bisamberg | 48 ° 18 ′ 40 " N , 16 ° 23 ′ 1" E | 1938 | 1945 | Vienna | - | - | - | - | - | 592 |
The following development can be observed in the transmitter locations: First, the transmitters were usually placed on the roofs of the studio buildings, sometimes using church towers or town halls. From 1925 onwards it was relocated to the suburbs, often with pairs of steel lattice towers. When it was recognized that steel had a negative impact on the range of spread, wooden towers followed, initially twice, and individually at the beginning of the 1930s. On October 10, 1935, the wooden tower of the Langenberg transmitter was destroyed by a hurricane, which is why self-radiating guyed steel masts were often used.
Liquidation and successor institutions
In 1951 the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft went into liquidation by a shareholder resolution, which lasted until 1961. An institution that is somewhat comparable to the RRG has been the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands (ARD) since 1950 . Deutschlandfunk (DLF, 1962–93) took over the European international service , the overseas service Deutsche Welle . The Deutschlandsender was continued in East Germany in 1946 (names: after merging with Berliner Welle in 1971 voice of the GDR , in 1990 again in Germany or after merging with Radio DDR II in May DS Kultur ; then after merging with RIAS 1 at the beginning of 1994 Deutschlandradio Berlin , 2005 Deutschlandradio Culture , 2017 Deutschlandfunk Kultur ).
See also
- History of radio
- History of radio in Germany
- The attack on the Gleiwitz transmitter staged by the SS , August 1939
- Radio propaganda in World War II
- Occupation of two Reich broadcasters in the last days of the war: Bavaria's freedom campaign , April 1945
- on developments in Switzerland: SRG
- Russia fanfare
literature
- Winfried B. Lerg : Broadcasting policy in the Weimar Republic (= Hans Bausch [Hrsg.]: Broadcasting in Germany, Volume 1 ). dtv, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-03183-2 ( snippet in the Google book search).
- Ansgar Diller: Broadcasting policy in the Third Reich (= Hans Bausch [Hrsg.]: Broadcasting in Germany, Volume 2 ). dtv, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-423-03184-0 .
- RRG: Lerg Chapter 3.6, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2, 7.7; Diller 3.7, 4.4, 7.6
- Dradag: Lerg 2.5, 3.4, 4.6, 5.3; Diller 3.2
- Fees: Lerg 2.7, 4.3; Diller 3.10
- Germany transmitter: Lerg 3.2, 5.4; Diller 7.8
- Foreign service: Lerg 5.6, Diller 4.2, 7.3
- Broadcasting companies: Lerg 3.1, 7.5; Diller 2.6, 3.4
- Transmitter expansion: Lerg 3.3, 5.8
- Television: Lerg 5.6; Diller 4.3
- Heinz Pohle: The radio as an instrument of politics. On the history of German broadcasting from 1923/38 . Hans Bredow Institute (Scientific Series for Radio and Television, Volume 1), Hamburg 1955.
- Joachim-Felix Leonhard (Ed.): Program history of radio in the Weimar Republic. 2 vol. Edited by the DRA . dtv, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-423-04702-X ( excerpt from volume 1 )
- Bernd-Andreas Möller: Manual of the radio transmitting and receiving stations of the German Reichspost . Walz, Idstein 2005, ISBN 978-3-936012-05-7 (528 pages); Funk-Verlag Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2009, ISBN 978-3-939197-44-7 (526 pages, table of contents )
- Deutsches Bühnen-Jahrbuch: theater-historical year and address book ( ISSN 0070-4431 ), section: The German broadcasting stations
Web links
- May 15, 1925: Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (calendar sheet, DW-World)
- Organization and personal details of German broadcasting 1924–1933 (DRA)
- Reorganization of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (information sheet with audio files, DRA)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ulrich Heitger: From time signals to political means of leadership . Lit, 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6853-2 , pp. 23–51 and especially footnote 157 ( full text in the Google book search). Pocket Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony . Springer, 1927, p. 1061-1064 ( full text in Google Book Search).
- ↑ because of the occupation of the Rhineland
- ↑ cf. Ordinance on the protection of radio traffic of March 8, 1924 ( RGBl. I p. 273 ); later: Law on telecommunications systems ( RGBl. 1928 I p. 8 )
- ↑ cf. Reichstag III 1924/26, printed no.2766 , Annexes 2 (provisions for the monitoring committee of the broadcasting companies) and 3 (provisions for the cultural advisory board of the broadcasting companies)
- ↑ cf. Reich Post Finance Act of March 18, 1924 ( RGBl. I p. 287 )
- ↑ Decree of the Reich Minister of the Interior on the use of radio by the Reich government of June 11, 1932
- ^ Reichstag III 1924/26, printed no. 2766 , Appendix 1 (guidelines for the news and lecture service of broadcasting companies); Sound document: radio news from February 13, 1932
- ↑ Dietz Schwiesau: "A radio editor with lust, love and enthusiasm": memories of the first news chief of German radio, Josef Räuscher (2011)
- ↑ The German Empire from 1918 to the present day . Berlin 1931, p. 560 ( limited preview in Google book search)
- ↑ Ulrich Heitger: From time signals to political means of leadership . Lit, 2003, ISBN 3-8258-6853-2 , pp. 345 with fn. 2 .
- ↑ Ordinance of June 30, 1933 ( RGBl. I p. 449 )
- ↑ on the property of the RRG as an "advertising company" see Reichsfinanzhof , judgment of June 25, 1936, RFH 39, 281 ( Az. III A 23/36)
- ↑ http://www.wabweb.net/radio/listen/LWMWeu34.pdf
- ↑ Judgment of February 22, 1937, RGSt 71, 114 ( Az. 2 D 291/36)
- ↑ Judgment of November 14, 1936, RGZ 153, 1 ( Az. I 124/36: unlike the justification for copyright in § 11 LitUrhG , the broadcasting does not represent a public performance in the limitation of § 22a LitUrhG ). Simon Apel: The Reichsgericht, copyright law and the party program of the NSDAP . In: ZJS 2010, pp. 141–143
- ↑ cf. Decree of December 11, 1935 ( RGBl. I p. 1429 )
- ↑ Reich Chamber of Culture Act of September 22, 1933 ( RGBl. I p. 661 )
- ^ Hanns Kreczi , Das Bruckner-Stift St. Florian and the Linzer Reichs-Bruckner-Orchester (1942-1945) , Anton Bruckner Documents and Studies (5), ISBN 978-3-2010-1319-2 , Akademische Druck- u. Publishing House, 1986, p. 136
- ↑ Lucerne Wave Plan 1934 ( RGBl. II p. 763 , 779 )
- ↑ European transmitters used in mid-1942: the 7 long-wave transmitters Allouis , Deutschlandsender , Friesland (Hilversum / Kootwijk), Luxembourg, Minsk, Oslo, Vistula (Lodsch / Bremen 2); the 16 medium wave transmitters Alps , Bordeaux-Neac, Bordeaux-Lafayette, Bremen ( Norden-Osterloog ), Breslau, Calais, Danube ( Dobrochau ), Hamburg, Kattowitz, Cologne, Königsberg, Leipzig, Paris-Argenteuil, Prague, Rennes-Thourie , Stuttgart ; in addition 20 shortwave and a further 13 transmitters in the occupied Soviet territories, a total of 56 transmitters (Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924–1976 , p. 654 ). - The European broadcasters had their own branch offices in Paris, Brussels, The Hague, Oslo and Vienna (Boelcke p. 318 ).
- ^ Eugen Kurt Fischer: Documents on the history of German radio and television . Göttingen 1957, p. 180 f.
- ↑ Languages March 1944 (based on Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924-1976 , p. 316 ): English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Finnish, Icelandic, Faroese, Flemish, Dutch, Irish, Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian, Lithuanian, Polish (28)
- ↑ Languages March 1943 (after Willi A. Boelcke: Die Macht des Radios: Weltpolitik und Auslandsrundfunk 1924–1976 , p. 373 ): English, Spanish, Portuguese, Brazilian, French, Afrikaans, Japanese, Hindi, Bengali, Maharathi, Malei, Tamil (Middle East), Iranian, Afghan, Arabic, Maghrebian, Turkish, Egyptian, Caucasian, Azerbaijani, Taebris-Azerbaijan, Armenian, Uzbek, Ossetian, Karachay, Volga Tatar, Chechen (Caucasus), Kalmuk (28)
- ^ Reimund Schnabel: Misused microphones: German radio propaganda in the Second World War, a documentation . Europa-Verlag, Vienna 1967 ( limited preview in Google book search)
- ^ Willi A. Boelcke: The power of radio: world politics and foreign broadcasting 1924-1976 . Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1977, p. 308
- ↑ Radio Orario 1925 no . 9 p. 4
- ^ Geneva wave plan
- ↑ Brussels wave plan
- ↑ Prague wave map
- ↑ Lucerne wave plan
- ↑ http://www.dxradio-ffm.de/histo1939.htm
- ↑ Andreas Brudnjak: The history of the German medium-wave transmission systems from 1923 to 1945 . Funk Verlag Bernhard Hein, Dessau-Roßlau 2010, ISBN 978-3-939197-51-5
- ↑ cf. Law on the establishment of broadcasters under federal law of November 29, 1960 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 862 )