Christmas ring broadcast

"German small receiver" (price reduced successor of Volksempfänger -Ur model "PU 301") as a national unit radio to receive medium and long wave in 1938 in many German households (type DKE 38 - built 1938-1944) - known locally as the " Goebbels' snout ”called

Tensioned transmission mast of the " Deutschlandsender III " in Herzberg (Elster) near Berlin from 1939 to 1945 for the program of the German broadcaster, which was broadcast nationwide via long wave

The Christmas ring broadcast was a propaganda radio broadcast by the National Socialist " Großdeutschen Rundfunk " during the Second World War . In the years 1940 to 1943 a ring broadcast with greetings from selected soldiers of the Wehrmacht and their family members as well as recordings with reports from areas occupied by the German Reich was broadcast on Christmas Eve to “connect the front and home” . The Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft , Wehrmacht services, propaganda companies and German Reichspost worked together to design and implement the event . The radio format was part of the " National Socialist Christmas cult ".

The transmission of the audio documents for the four programs, each 60 to 90 minutes long, is incomplete. The complete 1940 broadcast is available in the German Broadcasting Archive; numerous - in some cases significantly - abbreviated versions are available on the Internet. The broadcast 1941 is lost. For 1942 there is an almost 16-minute part in archives, while only a five-minute final part is available in numerous internet sources. The broadcast of 1943 is only accessible in archives with a surviving part of around 25 minutes.

The media studies literature (basic particular Ansgar Diller and Dominik Schrage ) considers the Christmas ring broadcasts as a mixture of war propaganda , Nazi ideology and a festive tradition . These ring broadcasts are - with specific recourse to the means of radio plays and reportage - a symbol for the propagandistic and technically complex staging of the radio under National Socialism. The aim was to create a “virtual space for a people's community ”. This was intended to simulate the ideologically shaped community experience of a Christmas party by creating an emotional mood for the listeners at the fronts and in German households. However, the authenticity of the broadcasts with regard to the live character is not always given; often it was only apparently direct or live broadcasts .

"Militarization" of the ring broadcast

Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels in conversation with the heads of the propaganda companies of the three branches of the Wehrmacht (1941)

The " militarization " of the general broadcasting format " ring broadcast" was carried out jointly by the Propaganda Ministry and the High Command of the Wehrmacht . The strong involvement of the military is evident in the fact that a contemporary contribution does not later speak of the 'Christmas' but of the 'Wehrmacht' ring broadcast or another author speaks of the 'Wehrmacht Christmas ring broadcast' in the title of his contribution.

An example before the Second World War is the ring broadcast Garrisons on Greater Germany's borders on March 28, 1939 from 8:10 pm to 10:00 pm on the Deutschlandsender . The broadcast was repeated two days later as a recording in the Reichssender Berlin . In the preliminary reporting, the joint implementation with the Wehrmacht and the call of the Tilsit , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Oldenburg , Mährisch-Schönberg , Flensburg and Graz garrisons using the " intercom channel " were highlighted, as was the "image of a wonderful comradeship between the soldiers and the Population ”.

Another test of a “military” ring broadcast with “circuits” to 18 outstations took place on September 1, 1940 (one year after the start of the Second World War) under the title German soldiers on watch from the North Cape to the Biscay . According to contemporary portrayals, it is a "program that announces the size of the performance of our soldiers and that sonically captured the vastness of the space over which the swastika flag is now blowing". This broadcast has its "basis [...] under the sign of the German Wehrmacht reorganization of Europe".

Sound documents for the two programs mentioned are not available in the German Broadcasting Archive.

Christmas Eve 1939

Transmitter scale of an upscale radio device (also with the German transmitter and the numerous Reich transmitters )

Expansion of the Greater German Reich with the Occupied Territories (December 1939)

In 1939 there was no Christmas ring broadcast on Christmas Eve, just under four months after the start of the war, but rather a conventional radio program with sometimes different broadcasts from the individual Reich broadcasters. Media studies described the Christmas program at the time as "not very spectacular". The Großdeutsche Rundfunk had set up a Christmas Reich program in which all German broadcasters were involved and which - according to contemporary accounts - primarily took into account the wishes of the soldiers. On Christmas Eve, the radio announced, in addition to many Christmas music contributions, among other things, the following central programs for the German broadcaster and the 16 Reich and other broadcasters:

3:15 p.m. ( Leipzig and all channels without Bremen)

Christmas away from home. From Weimar: Christmas party of the evacuated families of the Westwall area

4:00 p.m. (German channels and all channels)

Soldiers Folk Christmas. It speaks Reich Minister Dr. Joseph Goebbels - Soldier's Christmas parties from the Western Wall, from the North Sea coast, from sea and popular Christmas greetings from German districts (recordings of Reichssender Gdansk, Frankfurt , Hamburg , Cologne , Stuttgart , stations Lodz )

7:00 p.m. (German channels, Breslau , Gdansk, Königsberg , Munich , Stuttgart, Vienna , Bremen)

Greater Germany's Christmas bells. German domes ring in the Christmas night

9:00 p.m. (Reich broadcast from Munich)

Christmas address by the deputy of the Führer , Reich Minister Rudolf Hess

With the exception of the speeches by Goebbels and Heß, there are no audio documents for the programs mentioned in the German Broadcasting Archive.

Christmas ring shipments carried out 1940–1943

The idea for this quasi "military" broadcast format of 60 to 90 minutes in length for Christmas on the German broadcaster with a mixture of reports and greetings comes from Werner Plücker , an author (including radio plays ) and senior radio employee (broadcast group leader "General folk entertainment") at the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft).

General information on technology

"War correspondent" a propaganda company of the Wehrmacht with a microphone when being used for a "Front report" on the radio (1940)

The Wehrmacht propaganda companies placed the microphones and transmission equipment at the outstations in the occupied territories , the line networks (radio and telephone lines) were switched by the Wehrmacht and Reichspost, so that the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft in the Haus des Rundfunks in Berlin could interconnect could make. The reporters were soldiers from the propaganda companies.

The feed from the individual transmission locations to Berlin took place via telephone and radio lines, which were not dedicated lines in today's sense, but were switched manually in the telephone exchanges . The "good speech quality" of the distant stations (e.g. North Cape ) was achieved through military radio links .

As usual for the Reichsrundfunkprogramm, the broadcasts from the playback center in Berlin were fed to all broadcasters via a star-shaped (mostly wired) line network ("red network") by means of switching centers and broadcasting amplifier offices. The "secret Wehrmacht communication links via VHF and field cable network " were thus "exceptionally [...] fed into the public radio network". The soldiers on the fronts were able to receive the Reichsrundfunk with high-quality equipment and were thus acoustically involved.

With June 1940 the radio programs of the individual Reich broadcasters were merged. There were only two full programs (Reichsprogramm and Deutschlandsender). The unified Reich program was transmitted via medium wave over all Reich broadcasters and their secondary transmitters , and the German broadcasters also came via long wave .

Broadcast in 1940

Under the title German Christmas 1940 - 90 million celebrate together - 40 microphones connect Front and Home , the first Christmas ring broadcast was produced in 1940 and broadcast on December 24th from 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. The "inventor" of the ring show, Werner Plücker, took over the moderation.

Preparations

" Haus des Rundfunks " in Berlin (from a bird's eye view) as the headquarters of Großdeutscher Rundfunk from 1939–1945

The first preliminary discussions for the Christmas ring broadcast, which ended with the creation of a so-called "playbook" as a broadcast manuscript, took place immediately after the ring broadcast, German soldiers on watch from the North Cape to the Biscay , on September 1, 1940. Extensive nightly rehearsals took place on December 20 the content of the conversation and the switching of the lines. The soldiers and relatives should be "used to speaking through a microphone". The aim of the preparations was, in addition to "control over every word spoken", to take into account military secrecy at some switching locations. The voice connections to aircraft and ship were made possible via shortwave .

In the broadcasting houses in Paris , Krakow and Gleiwitz , switching points were set up which, as sub-centers from their area of ​​activity, bundled the broadcasting locations to Berlin. The aim was that the individual switching locations could talk to each other and not just to the headquarters in Berlin. From each of the transmission locations , an audio and voice line has been switched to the broadcasting house via the Berlin remote office. The route of the transmission and reporting lines should have been more than 20,000 km.

content

Expansion of the Greater German Reich with its European Allies and the Occupied Territories (December 1940)

The Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels had generally instructed for the Christmas program in 1940 that the radio had to convey the “feeling of experiencing the holidays together” without “sentimentality” for the “national comrades who are separated from their families”.

The Christmas ring broadcast included, among other things, a studio talk, greetings between six German soldiers in Narvik and their relatives (mother or bride) in Graz , reports from the Black Forest and Brocken as well as reports from the front. The program was complemented among others by talking to a reconnaissance aircraft ( flying boat on the North Sea before England's coast), a patrol boat on the high seas , a German destroyer in the Atlantic , the German Army and Air Force Mission in Romania (soldiers of teaching troops ) and the German volunteers -Company in Italian East Africa ; there were also ideologically tinged reports with the titles Lorraine is now part of the German homeland and the coal mines in eastern Upper Silesia are back in Germany . The names of the various spokespeople for the propaganda companies on site and the chronological sequence can be found in the documentation in the German Broadcasting Archive.

The following transmission locations were included in the broadcast: Narvik ( telegraph office ), Marienburg (courtyard of the Ordensburg ), Gumbinnen (private residence), Warsaw , Kattowitz (including coal mine ), Graz, Feldberg , Saarbrücken (including blast furnace ), Hendaye , Canal Coast ( Cap Gris-Nez ), Potsdam and Brocken. According to contemporary propaganda, the speakers at the circuits to the Feldberg, the Brocken and Marienburg were, so to speak, “representatives of the German tribes and landscapes” and when the Saar with blast furnace and Katowitz with coal shaft were integrated, they embodied “working Germany”.

The program announcements in the radio magazines emphasized in advance the exchange of greetings by “working Germany on the fighting front”. The texts between the soldiers and their relatives were only apparently "impromptu", rather they are "rehearsed" and without "true spontaneity".

Sound document

The complete broadcast version of the 1940 Christmas ring broadcast is available in the German Broadcasting Archive ; only incomplete versions can be found on the Internet. Individual short broadcast parts of the original sound are also accessible on the Internet; these are the final part with the call for a joint celebration of a “ German Christmas ” and a seven-minute cut of three sections of the program. A commercially available audio CD contains almost all of the programs' contributions, some of them shortened. The beginning parts of the broadcasts of the CD version are available on the Internet.

Door plaque of the Winter Relief Organization as a donation receipt as part of the German Christmas collections

According to the version in the German Broadcasting Archive, the complete opening part of the program reads:

"[ Studio spokesman Werner Plücker ]: Here is the Großdeutsche Rundfunk with all transmitters and connected to all transmitters in the occupied areas. We are broadcasting our program 'German Christmas 1940 - 90 million people celebrate together - 40 microphones connect front and home'. German soldiers on all fronts and German people at home, we are standing on the threshold of the Christmas of the War in 1940 at this minute. Hundreds and thousands of miles separate us spatially, but our microphones will overcome the furthest spaces and us, as so often in these Years, to bring together the microphones from home and the microphones outside at the front, carried by the war reporters of the propaganda companies. The transmission lines from Narvik, from Hendaye, from the Channel Coast, from the Generalgouvernement and from the many transmission points inside and outside the borders of Greater Germany end here in the Berlin Broadcasting House. And perhaps never before have we switched on our microphones with greater joy and pride than today on Christmas Eve 1940. Because the victories and successes of this year, which now wants to speak to our hearts once again, are the most beautiful gift and on our table of gifts they are the gift of our fighting soldiers and of a believing, responsible and hard-working home. [ First the sound of bells as the sole tone and then Plücker, the studio speaker with the sound of bells in the background ] First greeting from home: Potsdam, the chimes high on the tower of the old garrison church . With the deep, heartfelt thanks to Providence that these bells ring out over German land, we begin our Christmas party in 1940. With deep and heartfelt thanks that the Führer was sent to us to redeem the German people from a thousand years of fate. [ Bells stop ] And now we call out to celebrate. All preparations are finished. The light trees are cleaned. The gift tables are set. Soldiers, your families, your wives, your children, your parents, your siblings, your brides, your friends, they are all waiting for your vote now and we are bringing them to them. And you fellow citizens at home, your husbands, your fathers and sons outside, they hear us now. And now the first thing we do is call Narvik. Attention, attention, Narvik please report! "

According to the version in the German Broadcasting Archive, the complete final part of the program reads:

“[ Studio spokesman Werner Plücker ]: This last call came from a distance of 8,000 km [ with reference to the broadcast part of East Africa ]. We have connected you three thousand, one thousand and many hundreds of kilometers from east, west, north and south. Thank you comrades for your calls. Your voices, the many voices have reached us and were able to bring us together at this hour, as close as we would hardly have believed. [ from now on with organ music by Hermann Heiss in the background and in the sometimes long speaking pauses ] Now the front and home have come together, as one big and happy family can come together on such a day, happy and confident. And now we're really celebrating the 'German Christmas 1940' together. - Now go to your light trees! Hold the flame to the first shimmering wax candle! Light the second, the third like we're doing here now! And then the doors should open to our tense expectation. - Christmas sounds reach our ears. - It is now 'German Christmas' from the Arctic Circle to the far south, from the Atlantic to the East, at sea and over sea and in foreign continents. - Watchful, defensive and, despite everything, a wonderful Christmas. - [ End of organ music ] Here is the Großdeutsche Rundfunk with all transmitters, connected to all transmitters of the occupied territories. We brought you our program 'German Christmas 1940'. Our broadcast is over. "

Live broadcast

Contemporary record blank made of the plastic " Decelith " for in-house production of sound recordings

The 1940 broadcast was (probably) an almost complete live broadcast with little use of records as a sound carrier . The plates used were certainly the Deceltih discs that had been available since the early 1930s for self- cutting (partly using portable devices). The inventor and moderator, Werner Plücker, explained the questioning questions asked by radio listeners at the time: “This is perhaps partly the fault of our technicians, as the quality of all transmissions was so incredibly good that one could have believed it was Here, too, the record recording was used as an aid ”. A contemporary radio scientist points out that the listener on the radio at that time was "too used to the interposition of the record". He emphasizes that the show was "original and not from records on the broadcasters". Only the three contributions from the reconnaissance plane, the military mission from Romania and the volunteer company from Africa were recorded using records.

This assertion in the contemporary contributions cannot be refuted for 1940; different with the broadcast two years later. For example, the fact that the originally planned connection to the military convalescent home in Zakopane was canceled during the broadcast due to time constraints speaks against a complete playback of a complete recording . Apparently the "Spielbuch" could not be processed on time during the broadcast hour.

The broadcast section "Gumbinnen" speaks in favor of a live broadcast. There, the " Corporal " Fritz Peitschat is called twice (apparently in vain) by the studio spokesman . Only after the soldier, who has meanwhile been promoted to " NCO ", has confirmed the call twice with emphasis on his new rank and congratulates another microphone station, does the studio spokesman notice it. Apparently the "Spielbuch" was out of date at this point and the promotion was not yet pronounced during rehearsals. This passage would probably have been corrected in a recording broadcast.

Broadcast in 1941

Expansion of the Greater German Reich with its European Allies and the Occupied Territories (December 1941)

In 1941 the second Christmas ring broadcast was produced. The program with the title Greetings from the Home - Greetings from the Front was broadcast at 6:00 p.m. The transmission length is unknown.

Regarding the content, reference can only be made to a poem with the title Christmas rings broadcast 1941 in contemporary literature, which in six stanzas very abbreviated and propagandistically describes the content of the broadcast with greetings between soldiers and relatives. The first two stanzas of the poem with references to areas occupied by Germany at the time are:

Everywhere on earth where Germans live,
Everywhere where the empire's soldiers stand,
high from the Arctic to the southern zones,
Uniting all, the sounds of Christmas go:

Home bells ring out in Hellas and Flanders .
Sounds in lonely bunkers on the Neva and Don .
Over the waves, to lonely boats they wander -
beyond the seas their blissful tone still rejoices.

The content of the other stanzas shows that soldiers are said to have sung “songs of Christmas”, a “father from Vienna” greeted his soldier's son in the north and a “mother on the Rhine ” was greeted by her soldier's son from the Volga .

Sound documents of this broadcast have not yet been found in the archives. A directory (catalog) of the German Broadcasting Archive does not contain any evidence for the Christmas ring broadcast in 1941. Thus, no statement can be made as to whether it was a live broadcast or whether a tape recording was used.

Broadcast in 1942

In 1942 the Großdeutsche Rundfunk organized a Christmas ring broadcast for the third time. It was broadcast from 7:25 pm to 8:55 pm - contrary to the time schedule, which was from 6:00 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. The program was moderated again by Werner Plücker. According to contemporary literature, the broadcast is said to have had 100 million radio listeners in Germany. The distance of the transmission and reporting lines should have been 50,000 km.

"Production schedule"

Preparations had started in October. The Ministry of Propaganda and the High Command of the Wehrmacht were involved. From December 18, there were six nightly rehearsals.

In order to guarantee the special ideological design of the program, there were binding principles. For the broadcast, the schedule of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft has been retained with the binding suggestions for the design of the individual broadcasts. The program's editor emphasizes the commitment in a contemporary magazine article with the wording “binding tools” and “fixed guidelines”. The first version was created at the end of October and the final version of the "rough timetable" is given by the editor as November 4th. However, the plan that has been handed down does not reflect in all parts the sequence that ultimately passed through the transmitter (for example the final part).

This "production schedule" with its design guidelines demanded, among other things, "strong underlining of the hard fighting effort" and "heartfelt, by no means sentimental, longing greetings from some carefully selected comrades" from the front broadcast locations.

content

Expansion of the Greater German Reich with its European Allies and the Occupied Territories (December 1942)

In addition to talks with two submarines (including U 758 ), a minesweeper and an aircraft, the following transmission sites from the front were involved: Port on the Arctic Ocean (Liinahamari in the Petsamo area ), Black Sea port of Kerch , Vyasma , Atlantic coast ( St. Nazaire , Bordeaux ), Marseille , Zakopane , Tunis , Catania , Crete , Central finland ( Rovaniemi ), Caucasus ( Pyatigorsk ), Stalingrad and Meshno (near Leningrad ) and broadcasting centers in Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Munich, Graz, Breslau and Königsberg greetings from the relatives of soldiers involved. With regard to the "Stalingrad telephone station", some assume that it did not come from Stalingrad, but from Kharkov in the rear (a good 700 km away) .

In the broadcast, Front and Home were alternately recorded and Christmas greetings were exchanged. In the end, all stations involved from the front were connected to sing Silent Night, Holy Night together. It was not the “de-Christian” version that was rewritten under National Socialism that was sung , but the original text (e.g. holy couple and good boy) of the first stanza. Some suspect that the singing did not come from the front, but from radio studios with the addition of effects to pretend authenticity. The program concluded musically with the chorale “And if the world were full of devils, we must succeed”.

After the broadcast of the program, the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft received content-related criticism from the party chancellery of the NSDAP because the speakers from the “Heimat zur Front” only greeted the soldiers in one single case with the greeting “ Heil Hitler !” Instead of “Guten Tag ”or“ Grüß Gott ”and this is a bad role model for the population.

Sound document

The German Broadcasting Archive contains an (incomplete) part of almost 16 minutes from the 1942 Christmas ring broadcast, which is based on a private contemporary recording on the radio receiver. An almost five-minute final part - with a partly different opening text when the final conference is called - can also be found in the German Broadcasting Archive. The audio documents available on the Internet for the final part have the mentioned text difference compared to the version sent via the broadcaster. Up to the end of 2017, media research only knew the almost five-minute part in the German Broadcasting Archive or on the Internet and not the now digitized part of the much longer “private recording”. The current literature also takes the character of a propagandistic staging exemplarily from this final part.

The sound document has many passages that are difficult to understand acoustically due to strong feedback, electronic vibrations and reverb effects. Some of the speakers have “brisk, coarse, friendly [… or] factual voices”, although some “distorted, often no longer human-like sounds” can be heard.

The audio document of the final part in the version of the digitized "private recording" from the German Broadcasting Archive reads:

"[ Studio spokesman Werner Plücker ]: Attention, attention! With a grateful heart, the homeland heard the Christmas greeting from the submarine drivers from the mouth of their commander , Admiral Dönitz . The homeland thanks and along with it the comrades thank you on all fronts. This also closed the ring of our transmission on this Christmas Eve. Under the deep impression of these last hours, all of our comrades should report once again to the transmission points in East and West, in North and South and, through their voices, once again give testimony to the enormous space over which our broadcast spans. Attention, I call the Arctic Harbor Liinahamari again!

[ Outside station and studio spokesman Plücker alternately ]: This is the polar sea port of Liinahamari. - Attention, I'll call Stalingrad again! - This is Stalingrad. Here is the front on the Volga . - Attention, the Lapland front again! - Here is the barrack in the Finnish winter forest. - Attention, once more southern France , the air force ! - Here is an airfield in southern France. - And once more the navy and the army in southern France! - This is La Ciotat on the French Riviera . - Watch out, watch out, the battle area for Rzhev again ! - Here is the front southwest of Toropez and Kalinin , the fighting area around Rzhev. - Attention, the call to the Bay of Biscay again ! - Here is the port city on the southern French Atlantic coast. - Attention, Leningrad again! - Here is the front in front of Leningrad and on the Volkhov . - Attention, the Channel Coast! - Here security associations of the Kriegsmarine on the canal. - Attention, once again the Caucasus Front! - The front in the Caucasus reports here. - Attention, the submariners in the Atlantic! - There's a submarine base here on the Atlantic. - Watch out, Catania! - Here is the Mediterranean front and Africa. - Attention, Zakopane! - The wounded greet their comrades at the front from the army convalescent home in the Tatras . - Attention, Crete again! - This is Crete, post in the Mediterranean. - Attention, the Black Sea port again!

[ Outstation “Black Sea Port” ]: Here is once again the Black Sea port on the Crimean peninsula . We ask you comrades to join in the beautiful old German Christmas carol Silent Night ! [ Insertion of singing male voices with piano accompaniment in the background ] Silent night, holy night!

[ Studio spokesman Plücker and at the same time continuation of the singing through the “Schwarzmeerhafen” outdoor station as well as gradually further outdoor stations with superimposed but increasingly disintegrating chants of “Silent Night, Holy Night” (1st verse) with piano accompaniment in the background ]: This spontaneous wish of ours Comrades far down south on the Black Sea are now joining all stations. Now they are already singing at the Eismeer and in Finland. And now they are singing around Rzhev in the fighting area. And now we switch to it all [ sic! ] the other stations. Leningrad. Stalingrad. And now there is France. Then come Catania and sing Africa. And now everyone is singing along! Sing the old German folk song with us at this minute!

[ Outstations with continuation of the overlaid chant "Silent Night, Holy Night" (repetition of the 1st verse) ]: Silent Night, Holy Night! Everything sleeps, lonely wakes. Only the faithful sacrosanct couple. Elderly boy with curly hair, sleep in heavenly peace, sleep in heavenly peace. [The overlaid singing ends and the recording of a choir with organ accompaniment and the singing of the 1st stanza of "Silent Night, Holy Night" follows ] Silent Night, Holy Night! Everything sleeps, lonely wakes. Only the faithful sacrosanct couple. Elderly boy with curly hair, sleep in heavenly peace, sleep in heavenly peace. [ Music recording "A strong castle is our god (BWV 720)" as a chorale prelude for organ, arranged for orchestra ] "

"Live character"

Magnetophone device (tape) as a technical advance in radio compared to the recordable record

According to current literature, it was not a live broadcast , as the program's editor was trying to portray at the time. The 1942 broadcast shows itself to be "a clever compilation of script and direction, underlaid with echoing and creaking noises of supposed authenticity " from the radio studio. The “production schedule” of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft shows that the recordings were made days before, recorded on magnetophone tape (instead of a record) and then “designed” into a broadcast. According to the schedule, all transmission locations had to provide a "security contribution" by courier or transferring in order to prevent a line failure during rehearsals. Even this schedule speaks of the fact that the entire broadcast took place as a recording from magnetophone tape.

The two different audio documents handed down in the German Broadcasting Archive from the final section also reinforce the view that the broadcast in 1942 did not go live on the transmitter due to the different text versions at the beginning of the call for the final conference. It was just a taped tape recording of the contributions recorded the days before. The recording made by Peter Huverstuhl on his receiving device (and only made known to a wider public in 2017) reproduces the version that was sent via the transmitter. The audio document of the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft already in the archive was not completely used editing material.

According to an archived note on the back of the original photo, a contemporary photo in a radio magazine, which is supposed to present the broadcasting of the broadcast in the broadcasting house, shows an earlier date of this “pre-production” of the ring broadcast. However, there is no proof that the program was completely composed of studio recordings.

Another argument against a live broadcast is that one of the submarines involved ( U 758 ) had already entered an Atlantic port before the broadcast was broadcast. A characteristic of the “design” of the program is that all transmission lines converged in the mixing room of the so-called radio play complex in the Berlin radio house.

The construction of the Christmas show ring in 1942 as "radiophone staging " picks up with some sort of conference call on the resources of the radio play and the report back. The broadcast was "manipulated [...] in that a live broadcast was simulated by cleverly editing prepared contributions". For the broadcast, the "tape [...] as a secret weapon" was used, so to speak. In addition, the "inventor" of the show, Werner Plücker, was a proven radio play author.

Contemporary radio literature referred to the broadcast format straight away as "audio work" and even advised "full assembly as the more reliable form to be preferred to the mixed form", since otherwise "surprises [...] due to line faults, defective lines, incorrect connections" would be possible. The "audio work" as a hybrid of radio play and audio report is a "structured audio report". Such programs "brought to life" a "topic with all conceivable radio means". The use of recordings by means of a disk or magnetophone tape is presented as a normal case in contemporary literature to prevent broadcast failures in audio reports.

The recording technology for the magnetophone tape had been improved in terms of sound in 1941 , since the high-frequency bias , which had been discovered to be helpful, could now be used in the devices. This prevented, for example, strong noise or clinking. The new procedure brought a hitherto completely unknown level of fidelity to the magnetophone tape (which can also be easily cut for broadcasts). As a result of this technical progress in audio tapes, the use of records (often self-cut Decelith discs ) as a sound carrier became increasingly rare. According to contemporary portrayals, it was the general "intention of Großdeutscher Rundfunk to increase the technical and artistic quality [... of] programs" and to ensure a "rational way of working in broadcasting operations".

In summary, it is stated in the current literature that the broadcast of 1942 presumably "was an attempt to trump what was offered in previous years [in the knowledge that the technical possibilities actually do not allow this".

Broadcast in 1943

War Christmas 1943 - Contemporary letterhead for Christmas mail

The last Christmas ring shipment was produced in 1943. During the preparations, as in previous years, those responsible endeavored to recruit suitable interlocutors from the front lines and the relatives at home. In preparation for a British bombing raid on November 18, 1943, the Berliner Funkhaus was severely damaged. The program with the simple title “Christmas ring broadcast” lasted a little over an hour and, according to the program announcement, was broadcast from 19:55 to 21:00. This was the preliminary planning. Studio spokesman was again Werner Plücker. After the broadcast - as in previous years - there was a speech by Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels at 9:00 p.m.

The Propaganda Ministry had issued the following instructions to the radio employees in general for the Christmas period of 1943: "We want to talk very little about Christmas beforehand."

According to a partial audio delivery of around 25 minutes, which can be found in the Historical Archive of the City of Cologne and, with the same name - as a digitization of the Cologne inventory - in the German Broadcasting Archive (not available on the Internet), the broadcast again contains numerous connections to individual front sections and family members in the homeland. The publications of the media studies assumed until the end of 2017 that the program was lost in 1943.

According to the summary (abstract) in the inventory information of the German Broadcasting Archive, there was chronologically, among other things, a connection to the Eastern Front (central section) with a conversation with a soldier and his father in Hamburg, a report from an air traffic control post on the Aegean Mediterranean island of Milos , a Circuit to the eastern front (northern section) with the sound of bells from the cathedral in Pleskau near Leningrad, a report from Toulon on the western Mediterranean to workers of the Todt organization there and greetings to family members, a circuit to the southern front in Italy with a conversation between a soldier and his family in Stebendorf on a farm followed by a picture of the mood from this Franconian town, a mood report from the Crimea with a Christmas party by Romanian mountain hunters and a song greeting to German soldiers, which a reconnaissance squadron on the Dnepr front in Russia replied, a report from the Channel coast with t a Christmas party and a mood report from a gun emplacement in northern Norway.

In terms of content, the following was emphasized in the program: “Growing the community between front and home”, “Work of the home for the front”, “Slogan: Carry on”, “Todt workers from numerous European nations help protect Europe”, “Work on reconstruction destroyed cities in Germany ”and“ Cohesion replaces a lack of workers ”.

A few days after the broadcast, the head of the radio department in the Propaganda Ministry, Hans Fritzsche , found critical words in a meeting about the Christmas ring broadcast. The announcement was “much more hopeful” than in the previous year, but overall the program “still did not do justice to the great opportunity” and the right “tone was not found”, so he did the program himself in 1944 want to try "what you can get out of it".

Christmas Eve 1944

Christmas party of soldiers in the bunker at the front in East Prussia (1944)

The broadcast of a “classic” Christmas ring broadcast in 1944 is rather unlikely based on the sources . There is no reference to such a broadcast for December 24th in the unified Reich program of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk. Sound documents were not found in the archives. Even a directory (catalog) of the German Broadcasting Archive does not contain any evidence of a Christmas ring broadcast in 1944. Large advertisements to countries far away and occupied by Germany were no longer possible because of the course of the front at the end of 1944.

However, there were preliminary plans that were not implemented. Regarding the intended content, there are the following traditional intentions of the Reichsrundfunk: First, there should be a “completely new Christmas ring broadcast”. Second, it contains “a very nice idea with a song that soldiers want [; these are…] mail, songs to sing and beautiful music from the loudspeaker ”. And thirdly, at the end of the program, “Bells of Home” should sound.

Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels mentions in his diary, however, that on Christmas Eve during the ring broadcast “in particular the transmission from the Atlantic bases [...] was noted with deep emotion by the German people”. This broadcast, wrongly referred to by Goebbels as the “ring broadcast”, was probably just the broadcast “Die Frontweihnacht” from 7.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. in the Reich program; there was also the program “Christmas in German Gauen” from 4 to 6 pm. The tradition is also unclear by a part of the file in the Propaganda Ministry with the keyword "Christmas ring broadcasts" in one of the "weekly activity reports of the head of the Propaganda Department - chief of the propaganda staff - as a summary of the reports of the Reich Propaganda Offices [...]" of December 28, 1944, because here we speak of a "ring broadcast".

Contemporary voices

Be with all contemporary literature voices must be noted that these authors of the conformist media (radio and press) were under the Nazis. For this reason, no media-critical comment on the Christmas ring broadcasts can be expected, but each contribution is part of the propaganda in the context of the broadcasts.

Broadcasting mission

Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels with the radio device Deutscher Kleinempfänger DKE 38 at the Berlin radio exhibition in 1938

The Christmas ring broadcast is a "space-spanning ceremony". In view of the war, the broadcast was “a requirement that Großdeutsche Rundfunk had to meet in terms of content and layout”. The broadcast format shows "which tasks radio can solve, especially during the war". The radio therefore "gave an impression of its comprehensive mission in a particularly clear and beautiful way". Even the rehearsals created a “moving mood” among the employees.

Broadcast technology

The Christmas ring broadcast was able to “build on the best experience in radio transmission technology”. The "transmission of conversations between the fronts" is a "high performance of German broadcasting". The Christmas ring broadcast was the "most perfect performance of a [...] conference call over long distances". With the broadcast, the "whole power and might of broadcasting [...] radiated from all corners of Europe". The “miracle broadcasting” worked and the technology made a “Christmas miracle” possible. This "miracle of 'technology' [... have] once again defeated space and time". The technology was a "serviceable instrument" and a "magic achievement". The Christmas ring broadcast is an “impressive example of good teamwork” by the Wehrmacht, Reichspost and radio. The ring broadcast is a "high point of radio activity [and] a shining expression of what radio [became] under National Socialist leadership". The radio had "become much more than just a technical instrument of transmission [..., but] a messenger of the national community".

Function of the transmission format

At Christmas the radio "ties us all together, and all separations, all distant [are ...] canceled". The show is a "mediator between home and front" and it unites "front and home to a unique community experience". The radio shows: "Hardly ever front and home have been so closely connected in mutual remembrance as in the connection through this unique broadcast". The statement “The house of the huge family that we form with our soldiers arched in the space of the ether waves” was repeatedly emphasized.

Effect of the broadcast

It was a "great and unique" show. It was "everywhere in the country [...] a very strong experience". All listeners would have been “under the spell of dialogue” between the front and home. During the broadcast of the ring one could "feel the great confidence and the strong, unconditional belief in the victory of the empire [...]". That is why everyone “said a big thank you to Großdeutscher Rundfunk for this experience”. The show is a gift, "whose greatness and uniqueness are expressed in the silent thanks of a whole people". In the Christmas ring broadcast, “radio [far away from technology ...] was an expression of the soul, a connection between the noblest forces in German people; in that hour the life of the nation vibrated in him ”. The big impression will "remain unforgettable for life".

Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels also praised the Christmas ring broadcast in his diary because it “connects the front and home in the most effective way”; the programs were "wonderful and moving".

"Reports from the Reich"

Uniform badge for the security service of the Reichsführer SS

The opinion of the German radio listeners on the Christmas ring broadcasts emerges with all scientific caution from the reports from the Reich by the SS security service . These reports were secret internal political situation reports on the mood of the population for senior Nazi functionaries.

According to these reports, the ring broadcast made the “deepest impression by far” at Christmas 1940, “certainly represented a brilliant technical achievement” and “generally pleased”.

With regard to the 1941 broadcast, the population “had the impression [...] that the broadcast was somewhat less lively and fresh than that of the previous year”, but the broadcast “found the greatest inner sympathy and the most urgent connection between the front and the Home brought to representation ".

From the broadcast in 1942 with the involvement of a “speaker” from Stalingrad, the population concluded that this “removed the many fears that Stalingrad could not only be cut off, but given up”. There is also the mention of 1942 that "the press and radio [the ...] general mood [(no loud Christmas joy)] were very accommodating".

For Christmas 1943, the reports point out that “the real Christmas mood could not have developed” in the population, but there is no assessment of the last Christmas ring shipment by the population in the tradition.

Notes, letters from the field and soldiers' memories

In addition to the publications in the contemporary press or the "Reports from the Reich", relatively unfiltered statements by the population regarding the classification of the programs are of interest. It turns out that the effects intended by the propaganda occurred many times over among the population and soldiers.

A chronicle of the Upper Silesian village of Wellendorf (Turze) , which was run by the school there, noted in 1942: "On Christmas Eve, the German radio gave us a huge impression of German strength from the most distant parts of Europe through a ring broadcast."

Field postcard from a soldier to his family (December 1942)

The military mail letters from soldiers also show the effect of the shipment. The Corporal Paul Wortmann wrote on Christmas Eve from Stalingrad to his parents and siblings, "A special experience was the Christmas hookup, you've certainly heard. A soldier, not far from us, spoke in it and I am certain that at that moment our thoughts were close together. ”Also from Stalingrad, the soldier Karl W. noted in his letter under the date“ War Christmas 1942 ”that they listened to the broadcast together In the following words: “You must have heard the greetings from all fronts in the ring broadcast on the radio yesterday evening and certainly here from Stalingrad too. We also have radio and we have St. The evening was spent very comfortably. ”Corporal Karl Bühler wrote from Stalingrad:“ On the radio we enjoyed the ring broadcast from 7:20 pm until the Goebbels speech began. Christmas greetings also came to the Reich from Stalingrad, which we were particularly pleased about, as these greetings proved - despite all the lies of the opponents - that the German Wehrmacht and not the Bolsheviks, for example, still have Stalingrad in their hands. It will stay that way! "

The memories of soldiers after the war are also characterized by the effect of the propagandistic broadcast format. A lieutenant who was in Stalingrad at the time reports: “When Stalingrad was called, we began to shiver. When we heard 'Silent Night, Holy Night', our tears rolled. From then on, nobody spoke a word - maybe for an hour. "

Media studies evaluation

The 1942 Christmas ring broadcast is used in many radio and literary contributions as an example in the media and political science evaluation of the broadcast format. The first broadcast from 1940 with the complete delivery is chosen less often for scientific consideration. The 1942 audio document is also recommended by history teachers for school lessons . In the educational work of the museum , this program can also serve as a starting point in the context of a media-critical education. Current media studies take up all Christmas ring broadcasts in the internationally oriented radio history work.

It is generally noted that the broadcast in 1942 "made a great impression at the time [... but] can seem downright eerie to us today". The Christmas ring broadcasts "accompanied acoustically [...] highlights of the course of the year [... and] were and supported rituals, offered cause for sentimentality and acted as valves or amplifiers for otherwise suppressed feelings".

Design of the program

Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels in front of various radios (including the DKE 38 ) at the radio exhibition in 1938

The strategy of the Christmas ring broadcast is propagandistic, but is not found in the “categories of a rhetorical-manipulative propaganda concept” of the classic type. The design of the broadcast had “a depth that was calculated from the outset”. With a view to the technical linkage effort via civil and military means, one can speak of the fact that the "people [...] were connected to the war on all fronts". Regarding the broadcast in 1942, a radio author summarizes: "Regardless of whether the switch to all fronts really existed, what was important in the propaganda war was that it was received as a live event and thus demonstrated the immediate immediacy and unity."

In the ring broadcast, “the sound of the technical - crackling, croaking, reverberation - in addition to the montage and the vocal presentation, was an essential element of the effect” for the effect to be achieved. While in the previous broadcasts “greetings were exchanged in the most boring way”, “the speed of switching back and forth was increased in 1942 and the feedback effects [to prevent an impression that was too perfect] were not afraid of either with the radio listener…] just let it happen ”. The "mode of action [...] can only be experienced in a purely written manner [...] at most", because only the "acoustic tradition" reveals the character of the Christmas ring broadcast. As an assessment in a comparison of the press and radio it can even be stated: "Printing ink would not have been capable of such an effect."

This "sound construction" wanted to "compensate for the lack of spatial presence through intensified addressing [...]" so that home and front felt connected. The broadcast format is an attempt by interconnecting the front and home to "construct an imaginary 'inner Germany' with the help of 'experiencing the ring broadcast' as a reality". A “continental achievement of German technology also demonstrated the continental expansion of German rule”. The “complex structure” of the program and the use of the “complex technologies” is at the same time a “threat [... that the same technology can also] pulverize entire cities and regions”.

Thus, the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 is "on the one hand the symbolic staging of the claim to great power and on the other hand the creation of a sacred atmosphere through the form of broadcast itself". Nevertheless, the reports from the soldiers at the outstations appear “like a ritual formulaic”. In contrast, the final song Silent Night can hardly be understood because of the “worst acoustic distortion”, so that the “feverish-shimmering, metallic-tinny reverberation effects in which the Christmas carol overlaid with its own echoes sinks into screeching [rather…] the apocalypse can already be heard " to let. The song "already seems to come from an acoustic beyond [...] has something of an electronic-robot-like parody of human voices". In any case, the use of the song Silent Night belongs to the “divided consciousness of National Socialism”, because Christian Christmas carols were not part of the “ National Socialist Christmas ”. National Socialism tried in vain to use two strategies to break the song's popularity (text repositioning and reinterpretation as well as the new song “ High Night of the Clear Stars ”).

Compared to the rest of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk program, the Christmas ring broadcast shows itself to be an increase in the “ kitsch harmony [of ...]“ community-building ”broadcasts” during World War II. It was "maudlin national theater". It was a "mass spectacle over all Reich broadcasters and over all Wehrmacht broadcasters". With a view to the technical complexity, one can speak of a “propagandistic mission for broadcasting technology”. The “broadcast works because it unfolds its effect precisely because the technology was audible”. Thus, "the 'broadcast message' [...] fell into the 'bondage' of technology, it was no longer the faithful acoustic reproduction of the transmitted events". Due to the type of broadcast with the “song of future residents of the soldiers 'graves”, the following conclusion is even drawn: “Actually, Christmas [...] should have been abolished at the end of World War II after [...] Goebbels' radio broadcast the so-called Christmas ring broadcast let the ether go. "

"Virtual people and war community"

Public "German People's Christmas Party" with Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels in Berlin (1937)

The Christmas ring broadcasts should above all convey emotions. The aim was to produce an “impressive document of both the war community and the technical modernity of the empire as a confidence-building measure with a view to a final victory”. So in the end they “appealed to the sentimentality, the willingness to hope and the will to persevere of millions” and used the program on Christmas Eve for this purpose. The "most impressive combination of industrial perfection and psychologically masked destructiveness " has thus been achieved. The technically complex design of the Christmas ring broadcast was intended to "preserve the feeling of home and promote the belief in the unlimited power of the German army". A “'world empire' with a German spirit” has been staged. In the program one could find “the staging of reality and the creation of an emotional mood” at the same time. The listener was put into a "trance state". It was a “ warning message of fascination and subtle violence”.

The Christmas ring broadcast was a "means to increase the stamina" of the population. A "we group [was celebrated with the broadcast ...]". It can also be called a “virtual space of a ' people 's community '”. The radio served the "creation of a virtual war community that should weld the unity of the front and home". By singing along, "the impression of simultaneity and physical closeness was increased".

This community “staged in scene” with the help of radio was for the Third Reich “an important prerequisite for action in war”, “to ultimately - as the propaganda intended - to make the war appear more bearable and to have“ iron strength and determination 'to suggest ”. The " synchronization [on Christmas Eve] was consecrated to extremes". “Not fiction, but deception” was created by “faking far away where the deceivers were sitting nearby”.

In summary for media studies, the following can be stated with regard to the goal, the design and the basic ideological orientation of the broadcast format (especially for 1942):

“The Nazi Christmas ring broadcast of 1942 was not about political goals and content. Rather, the radio broadcast was an imposing media staging of the Nazi propaganda machine, which gave the listeners at the fronts and in the German living rooms the ideological communal experience of a gigantic Christmas party. The acoustically connected sections of the front signaled the geopolitical submission of these countries and regions to the military dictates of the National Socialist state and its claim to rule. For example, noise and crackling on the line or interrupted connections convey the impression of authenticity. [The analysis reveals ...] how the makers of this program specifically resorted to the means of radio play and reportage in order to allow the audience to imagine the size of the conquered German territories. The 'sound' as such becomes a political issue. "

- Landesmedienzentrum Baden-Württemberg : Abstract of the essay by Dominik Schrage: "Everyone sings with us at this minute" - Sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 (essay from 2005)

A summarizing evaluation from a literary point of view with a view to the closing song Silent Night and the reports from all outstations in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 reads:

“The evocation of the stations on Christmas Eve showed the listener the expansion of the empire authentically as a miracle; the greed expressed by holding the positions demanded sacral consecration and spiritual incorporation, for which the Christmas carol provided equally. Silent Night changed in the new context to the cynical usage of the war of conquest; the verses in which the dearly holy couple 'wakes up lonely', and the German inwardness brought to dreams by the memory of family celebrations, blinded the monstrous with the help of astonishing radio technology more effectively than any invented text. "

- Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use (lecture from 1979)

A short radio-scientific evaluation as part of a touring radio exhibition explains the following about the Christmas ring broadcasts:

“The Christmas ring broadcasts from 1940 to 1943 are a symbol of the propaganda staging of the radio for Nazi ideology. In four 60- to 90-minute programs, each on Christmas Eve with immense ratings of supposedly 100 million listeners, locations on the war fronts and on the 'home front' in German and occupied territories are linked live. Live sounds from the front, from airplanes and submarines from Africa to the North Cape, from Russia to the Atlantic coast stage the German Reich as militarily, technically and not least culturally superior. "

- Traveling exhibition Radiophonic Spaces - A listening tour through radio art (2018/2019)

The "technical background" to be observed by the historical sciences in radio under National Socialism is presented in the literature as follows:

“Stagings are to be understood as historical acts. It must be viewed against the background of the level of technological development, the professionalism and experience of the programmers, but also against the backdrop of the development of human senses and perceptions. Seen from today, a lot of what was staged on the radio in the Third Reich seems bungled and amateurish. From the point of view of that time, it seems to have been different. Some of the people reacted more strongly to what was presented than they do today because they were not yet used to the medium and had not yet had extensive experience with the medium. Live broadcasts, no matter how unprofessional they were, were a popular means of making the audience open to the messages to be conveyed. The programmers of the co-ordinated Nazi radio played on the keyboard of enthusiasm for technology, thirst for adventure and the fascination of virtual being able to be there across rooms and times. "

- Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern : Mass media in the context of domination, everyday life and society. A challenge to historiography. (Article from 1999)

literature

Current articles (selection - especially online publications)

Basics

• Dominik Schrage : “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (Ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequencing. Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , pp. 267–285. (Online version - Memento from July 28, 2018 saved on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; PDF; 161 kB with different page numbering) ( Standard work on the media science evaluation of the broadcast 1942)
• Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history . Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, pp. 47–51. ISSN  0175-4351 (online version; PDF; 835 kB) (introduction to all Christmas ring shipments and documentation of the schedule for the 1942 shipment)
• Thomas Riegler: Milestones in Broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , pp. 40-46. (detailed presentation of all Christmas ring shipments)

Youth-friendly

• Karla Arzberger: German Christmas 1940 - a piece of propaganda - Youth Reporter blog post from December 21, 2016 on the online portal "Österreichisches JUGENDPORTAL" of the Federal Network of Austrian Youth Information on behalf of the Federal Chancellery (Family and Youth Section) (short presentation and evaluation of all Christmas ring consignments as View of a young person)
• Herwart Vorländer: The audio document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (298-301). (Use of the broadcast 1942 for school lessons)

Individual aspects

• Katja Rothe: hearing disasters. Experiments on early European radio. Kulturverlag Kadmos, Berlin 2009, ( Kaleidogramme. Volume 55), ISBN 978-3-86599-093-8 , pp. 77-80. (short media-scientific evaluation of the broadcast 1942)
• Andreas Jordan: The Christmas ring broadcast from 1942 - Article from December 2008 on the online portal "GELSENZENTRUM - Portal for City and Contemporary History" of the Association for Regional Cultural and Contemporary History Gelsenkirchen e. V. (summary of the media-scientific evaluation of the 1942 broadcast based on the contribution by Dominik Schrage)
• Christoph Arens: Nazi Christmas ring broadcast. “Attention, I'm calling the Arctic Harbor Liinahamari” - newspaper article from December 24, 2015 on the online portal DIE WELT . (short presentation of all Christmas ring shipments)
• Michael Marek: December 24th, 1942: Germany's broadcaster broadcasts a Christmas ring broadcast - SWR2 Zeitwort broadcast manuscript of December 24th, 2010 (PDF; 40.8 kB). (short presentation of the broadcast 1942)
• Hans Widlroither: Millions were listening to the radio on Christmas Eve 1942. In: The Bandlkramer . Culture letter from the municipality of Groß-Siegharts . Volume 8, December 2009, p. 7. (online version; PDF; 1.94 MB). ZDB -ID 2382833-X (short description of the broadcast 1942)

Contemporary contributions (Nazi era)

Broadcast in 1940

• Werner Plücker: We built the “Front - Heimat” Christmas bridge. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), pp. 422–423. ZDB -ID 552180-4 (description of the preparation and course of the broadcast in 1940 by the "inventor" of the broadcast format and (broadcast) group leader "general folk entertainment" at the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft )
• H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, pp. 5–12. ZDB -ID 380008-8 (exemplary description of the preparation and course of the broadcast in 1940 by two soldiers of a propaganda company )
• The Christmas ring broadcast - a major achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau . Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22. ISSN  0016-2841 < Online version (PDF; 1.63 MB)> (technical details on the 1940 broadcast)
• Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), pp. 423–424. ZDB -ID 552180-4 (technical details on the 1940 broadcast by the head of the technical operations center of the Berlin radio station )
• F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), pp. 49–51. ZDB -ID 547421-8 (technical details of the 1940 shipment by an employee of the Reich Ministry of Post)
• [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert : Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), Issue 6, pp. 301–303. ZDB -ID 214969-2 (description of the preparation and course of the broadcast 1940 by a radio scientist )
• Franz Glatzer: “It's Christmas, home is calling!”. Hundreds of millions greet their sons at the front through the airwaves. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Born 1940/41, Issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 425. ZDB -ID 552180-4 (description of the greeting Narvik-Graz on broadcast 1940 by the head of the Gau press office of Styria of the NSDAP )
• Alfred Karrasch : Father Peitschat speaks to his six sons. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 426. ZDB -ID 552180-4 (description of the greetings from Gumbinnen in broadcast 1940)

Broadcast in 1941

• Heinrich Anacker : Christmas ring broadcast 1941. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1941/42, issue 21/22, p. 430. ZDB -ID 552181-6 (short poem for the broadcast 1941)

Broadcast in 1942

• Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), pp. 401–405. ZDB -ID 552181-6 (detailed description of the preparation and content of the 1942 broadcast by the editor)
• L [udwig] Heck: The technical implementation of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, Issue 21 (January 10, 1943), pp. 420-421. ZDB -ID 552181-6 (technical details about the broadcast in 1942 by the head of the technical operations center of the Berlin radio station )
• [Hans] Krum: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), Issue 10 (March 6, 1943), pp. 89-93. ZDB -ID 547421-8 (technical details on the shipment in 1942 by a senior post councilor of the Reich Post Office)
• Wilhelm Schnauck: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. From the Arctic Ocean to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6 (description of the broadcast 1942)
• [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 16 (1943), Issue 2, pp. 17-18. ISSN  0016-2841 < Online version (PDF; 1.74 MB)> (Description of the propaganda effect of the technology on the 1942 broadcast)

Web links

Sound documents of the ring broadcasts

Broadcast in 1940

• Christmas ring broadcast 1940 (1:14 hour - some broadcasts are missing and numerous contemporary Christmas carols mixed in) on YouTube
• Final part of the Christmas ring broadcast 1940 (2:56 minutes; MP3; 704 kB) on the online portal "www.Radiomuseum.org"
• Christmas ring broadcast 1940 - individual contributions - short excerpts from most of the broadcasts (always the first 30 seconds as an audio sample) on the sales portal "www.zinnfigur.com"

Broadcast in 1942

• Closing part of the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 (4:45 minutes; MP3; 2.3 MB) on the homepage of the “ Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth ” with an old archive version
• Closing part of the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 with transcription (4:53 minutes - with faded-in and concurrent transcription <old archive version>) on YouTube

Current radio reports on the ring broadcasts

Broadcasts in 1940, 1942 and 1943

• WDR 5 "Scala - News from Culture" - broadcast on December 22, 2017 with a contribution "Christmas ring broadcast 1940 - radio history with myth" (broadcast part 01:00 to 07:18 minutes - studio talk with Maximilian Schönherr and short audio samples from the 1940 ring broadcasts , 1942 and 1943) on "www.wdr.de" [The short recording <6: 53–7: 07 minutes> from 1943 <then studio spokesman Werner Plücker with the sound of a church bell in Pleskau > is so far (December 2019) for the 1943 ring broadcast only audio document available online.]

Broadcast in 1940

• WDR ZeitZeichen from December 24, 2015 First Christmas ring broadcast broadcast (on December 24, 1940 ) (14:40 minutes) on “www.wdr.de” (accompanying text WDR deadline December 24, 1940 - first “Christmas ring broadcast” broadcast - mix of Nazi propaganda and customs on "www.wdr.de" and a review by Björn Krombusch Christmas 75 years ago on "www.krombusch.de")

Broadcast in 1942

• SWR2 verb from December 24th, 2010 December 24th, 1942: The Deutschlandsender broadcasts a Christmas ring broadcast [by Michael Marek] (3:48 minutes) on "www.podcast.de" (complete broadcast manuscript of the SWR - PDF; 40.8 kB)
• DRadio Knowledge - Media. Radio story Christmas propaganda against war fatigue [by Michael Marek] from December 23, 2010 (8:19 minutes) on "www.podcast.de"
• SWR2 Archivradio: A Brief History of Radio Original or Fake? for the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 on "www.swr.de" (audio contribution in an endless loop that cannot be accessed or is available for download)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Press release from the Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth on the (special) exhibition “War Christmas 1940–1943 - Christmas ring consignments during World War II” (November 2004 to January 2005; PDF; 9 kB) from November 5, 2004 by Gerd Walther; Thomas Riegler: Milestones in Broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , pp. 40-46; Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history . Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, pp. 47-48 ISSN  0175-4351 (online version; PDF; 835 kB); Dominik Schrage: “Everyone is singing with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast in 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequencing. Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (269–273) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento dated July 28, 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) pp. 4–7>.
2. ↑ Max Bonacker: Goebbels' husband on the radio. The Nazi propagandist Hans Fritzsche (1900–1953). Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ( series of the quarterly books for contemporary history. Volume 94), ISBN 978-3-486-58193-5 , p. 170 Google books preview .
3. ↑ See [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Year 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (302) for the 1940 broadcast.
4. ↑ Gerhard Tannenberg: From NARVIK to GRAZ from HENDAYE to WARSCHAU - How the Wehrmacht's Christmas ring broadcast came about. In: The Wehrmacht. Born in 1941, issue 1 (January 1, 1941), p. <unknown> ZDB -ID 551951-2 for broadcast 1940.
5. ^ Program copy for Tuesday, March 28, 1939. In: Der Deutsche Rundfunk. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Year 17 (1939), issue 13 (March 26, 1939), p. 18 ZDB -ID 546650-7 with the complete broadcast title Garrisons on Greater Germany's borders. A joint broadcast of the Wehrmacht with the Deutschlandsender and the Reich broadcasters Breslau, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Königsberg u. Vienna ; Max Bonacker: Goebbels' man on the radio. The Nazi propagandist Hans Fritzsche (1900–1953). Oldenbourg, Munich 2007, ( series of the Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. Volume 94), ISBN 978-3-486-58193-5 , p. 170 (footnote 192) with reference to the broadcast timetable in the Federal Archives ( Federal Archives-Military Archives Freiburg RW <Oberkommando der Wehrmacht> 4/283, Bl. 42–46) Google books preview .
6. ^ Program copy for Thursday, March 30, 1939. In: Der Deutsche Rundfunk. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Volume 17 (1939), issue 13 (March 26, 1939), p. 28 ZDB -ID 546650-7 .
7. ↑ Article "Garrisons on Greater Germany's Borders". Joint broadcast of the Deutschlandsender and the Reichssender Breslau, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Koenigsberg and Vienna on March 28th and Berlin on March 30th. In: The German radio. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Volume 17 (1939), Issue 13 (March 26, 1939), pp. 7–8 ZDB -ID 546650-7 .
8. ^ Daniel Gethmann: The transmission of the voice. Pre- and early history of speaking on the radio. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-935300-82-4 , p. 168; Presentation of the broadcast content in the article Ring broadcast from Narvik to the Spanish border. In: National Socialist Radio Correspondence. RK. Year 1940, issue 36 (September 4, 1940), pp. 1–2, ZDB -ID 546660-x ; the “switching” probably took place in the broadcast Front Reports. Marching music in the unified Reich program of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk from 7 to 8 p.m. <See program print for Sunday, September 1, 1940. In: Der Deutsche Rundfunk. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Year 18 (1940), issue 36 (September 1, 1940), p. 11 ZDB -ID 546650-7 >, because individual Reich broadcasters with independent programs no longer existed since June 1940.
9. ↑ Article Ring from Narvik to the Spanish border. In: National Socialist Radio Correspondence. RK. Year 1940, issue 36 (September 4, 1940), p. 1 (2), ZDB -ID 546660-x .
10. ↑ ^{a b c d} [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (302).
11. ↑ See Walter Roller: Sound documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939-1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , pp. 66–67, 489–493 <There the programs from March 28th are missing in the chronological representation 1939 and September 1, 1940.>; just as in Walter Roller: Sound documents on contemporary history 1939–1945. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4), pp. 8, 64-65.
12. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47.
13. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 40.
14. ^ H [ans] S [iebert] v [on] Heister: War Christmas 1939. The Reich program of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk. In: The German radio. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Volume 17 (1939), issue 52 (December 24th), p. 2, ZDB -ID 546650-7 .
15. ↑ See program copy for Sunday, December 24, 1939. In: Der Deutsche Rundfunk. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Year 17 (1939), issue 52 (December 24, 1939), p. 9 ZDB -ID 546650-7 .
16. ↑ See Walter Roller: Sound documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939-1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , pp. 235–236 <There, the chronological representation does not include the broadcasts from December 24, 1939 with the exception of Talk.>; just as in Walter Roller: Sound documents on contemporary history 1939–1945. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4), pp. 8, 28-29.
17. ^ Photo and short biography of Werner Plücker on the homepage of the German Broadcasting Archive
18. ↑ See part of his propaganda works in Wolfram Wessels: Radio plays in the Third Reich. On the history of institutions, theory and literature. Bouvier, Bonn 1985, ( Treatises on art, music and literary studies. Volume 366), ISBN 3-416-01926-1 , pp. 188-189, 248-250, 407, 503-504.
19. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47; Werner Plücker: We built the “Front - Heimat” Christmas bridge. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), pp. 422–423; H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (11); Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424); Article Our most beautiful Christmas. Ring broadcast calls to Greater Germany and its soldiers. In: National Socialist Radio Correspondence. RK. Year 1940, issue 53 (December 30, 1940), p. 4 (5), ZDB -ID 546660-x ; [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (302).
20. ↑ A propaganda photo of a group of eleven people in a "technical room" for the Christmas ring broadcast in 1942 with the description At the Christmas ring broadcast in the central control room in Berlin - group leader Werner Plücker (in front of the microphone) also designed the traditional ring broadcast between the front and the front for Christmas 1942 Homeland. Technical director Herbert Dominik [chief engineer in the Reich Ministry of Propaganda and technical director of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft] (standing in the middle), Obering, supervised the technical handling of this broadcast, which required a total of 50,000 km of line. Dr. Ludwig Heck [head of the technical operations center of the Berlin radio station] (right) and Dr. Ing.Gerhard Schadwinkel (left). Recording: Reichs-Rundfunk ([Valentin] Kubina) can be found in the newspaper article by [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 ( Online <PDF; 1.74 MB>). A greatly reduced (and retouched <deletion of a person>) image section with only six people ( jpg image ) of this propaganda photo can be found on the homepage of the Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth .
21. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 Online (PDF; 1.7 MB); H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5; Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424); L [udwig] Heck: The technical implementation of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 420; Krum: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), Issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89.
22. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
23. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
24. ↑ So for the 1942 broadcast with Karl Otto Hoffmann: Ln- The history of the air news troop. Volume II - The World War. Part 2: Wire Communication Links. Radio link 1939–1945. Vowinckel, Neckargemünd 1973, p. 406.
25. ↑ For the 1940 broadcast, the number 86 for the amplifier offices involved can be found at F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically performed on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (51).
26. ↑ Hans Rindfleisch: Technology in the radio. A piece of German broadcasting history from the beginning to the beginning of the eighties. Mensing, Norderstedt 1985, ISBN 3-87533-004-8 , pp. 71-73.
27. ^ Friedrich Kittler : Synergy of man and machine. In: Florian Rötzer , Sara Rogenhofer (Ed.): Make Art? Conversations and essays. 2nd Edition. Boer, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-924963-23-1 , p. 90 (100) < Online partial excerpt of a long quotation from the first publication ( memento from September 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) from the journal KUNSTFORUM international . Volume 98 (January / February 1989), Aesthetics of the Immaterial? The relationship between art and new technologies. Part II, p. 108 (115 f.)>.
28. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 42.
29. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47; H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (12).
30. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47; Walter Roller: Audio documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939–1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , p. 557 (Document No. 1610).
31. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 Online (PDF; 1.7 MB); H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (6, 8, 10, 12); Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424); [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), Issue 6, p. 301 (302); F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (51).
32. ↑ F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (51).
33. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 40.
34. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
35. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41; [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (302).
36. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
37. ↑ F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49.
38. ↑ So the number at Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Born 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424) and [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), Issue 6, p. 301 (302); the number of 34,000 km can be found in Krum: Christmas ring parcel 1942. In: Die Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 (93).
39. ^ Statement by Joseph Goebbels at the Ministerial Conference on December 4, 1940. In: Willi A. Boelcke (Ed.): Kriegspropaganda 1939–1941. Secret Ministerial Conferences in the Propaganda Ministry. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1966, p. 579 (581); there in the conference the start of the Christmas ring broadcast was planned for 7 p.m.
40. ↑ ^{a b} [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (303).
41. ↑ The connection between Narvik and Graz as well as the preparations for it are described for Narvik by the writer and soldier of a propaganda company, Hans-Jürgen Nierentz , In: H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), Issue 5/6, p. 5 (6-8); The author Glatzer describes the processes in Graz In: Franz Glatzer: "It's Christmas, home calls!". Hundreds of millions greet their sons at the front through the airwaves. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 425.
42. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (271) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 6>.
43. ↑ F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (51).
44. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422; Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423.
45. ↑ Reference to the Atlantic and the fallen commodore Friedrich Bonte from Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422; Another source says "close to the enemy" (see F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out? In: Die Deutsche Post. Wochenschrift für das Post- und Fernmeldewesen. Volume 65 (1941), No. 4 ( January 25, 1941), p. 49).
46. ↑ F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49.
47. ↑ Here a recorded record was recorded (see Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Two-week publication for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 <423>).
48. ↑ Summary of the complete broadcasting process at Walter Roller: Sound documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939–1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , p. 557 (Document No. 1610). The audio document has not yet been recorded in the 1975 directory (see Walter Roller: Tondokumente zur Zeitgeschichte 1939–1945. Ed. Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4), pp. 75–76 <there The 1940 Christmas ring broadcast is missing in the chronological representation.>). A shorter presentation of the broadcasting sequence with Rainer E. Lotz (Ed.): Deutsche National-Discographie . Series 4: Discography of German voice recordings. Volume 4. Lotz, Bonn 2004, ISBN 3-9805808-9-X , p. 1288.
49. ↑ Printed by Walter Roller: Sound documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939–1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , p. 557 (Document No. 1610) with the following content: Werner Plücker (Berlin): Ansage und Management; 90 million celebrate Christmas together / Bells of the Potsdam Garrison Church / We thank God that he sent us the Führer - Hans-Jürgen Nierentz (Narvik), Franz Pirker (Graz): Conversation between Graz and Narvik with soldiers and their relatives - Carl Struve (Feldberg, Black Forest) - Willi Neufert (Brocken, Harz) - Kurt Hoffmann (Marienburg, East Prussia) - Fred Krüger (Warsaw, Generalgouvernement): Greetings in Alsatian dialect to the relatives back home - Carl Ebert and Karl Holzamer (Canal Coast): Conversation with the reconnaissance plane “Anton” over sea; Conversation with the outpost boat “Berta” on the high seas - Heinrich Schwich on a destroyer - switching between Narvik and Hendaye, Biscaya [ sic! ] - Paul Gerhardt (Gumbinnen, East Prussia) - Wilhelm Rektenwald (Saarbrücken): Lorraine is now part of the German homeland - Georg Sieger (Kattowitz): The coal mines in East Silesia belong again to Germany - Conversation with members of the German Army and Air Force Mission in Moldova, Romania - A member of the German volunteer company in Italian East Africa: Fight with the allies for Führer and Fatherland / Greetings to the German and Italian Wehrmacht / "Adolf Hitler, Sieg Heil" - Werner Plücker: Cancellation / Joint celebration of the Wehrmacht from the Arctic Circle to the Biscaya, at sea and over sea - organ finale (Hermann Heiss).
50. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (8).
51. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422.
52. ↑ Here the father, Mr. Peitschat, greeted his six sons at the front and his sons greeted back from their locations (see Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Two-week publication for educational work. Volume 1940/41, Issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 and [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly journal for literary friends. Volume 43 (1940/41) , Heft 6, p. 301 (303). The description of the process in Gumbinnen can be found in Alfred Karrasch: Father Peitschat speaks with his six sons. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Zweiwochenschrift für die Erziehungsarbeit. Year 1940/41, Book 22 ( January 19, 1941), p. 426) and in W. Magas: A soldier's father and six sons. An experience from the Christmas ring broadcast of the Großdeutscher Rundfunk. In: The German radio. All-round show and program for all radio participants. Journal of the circles involved in German broadcasting. Funk Post. Year 19 (1941), issue 3 (January 12, 1941), without page numbering ZDB -ID 546650-7 . A suitable propaganda photo ( jpg image ), but without a description of the image and the source, can be found on the homepage of the Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth ; This photo shows a group of three people in front of a microphone (probably) in a living room, so that this could possibly represent the “greeting scene” in the house of the Peitschat family in Gumbinnen in the 1940 Christmas ring broadcast.
53. ↑ The report came, among other things, from the Ferdinand coal mine at a depth of 500 m (see Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge “Front - Heimat”. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Two-week publication for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19 1941), p. 422 and F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: Die Deutsche Post. Wochenschrift für das Post- und Fernmeldewesen. Year 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941) , P. 49).
54. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422; Another source specifies those involved as armaments workers (see F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out? In: Die Deutsche Post. Wochenschrift für das Post- und Fernmeldewesen. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (25. January 1941), p. 49).
55. ↑ See the card drawings in article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 Online (PDF; 1.7 MB); H [ans-] J [ürgen] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: Letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (9); Ludwig Heck: The technical performance of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424); Krum: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 (90) and most precisely F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (50).
56. ↑ For example, the article Merry Radio Christmas for Front and Home. A holiday program with many beautiful gifts - The Reichsminister Dr. Goebbels and Rudolf Hess speak. In: Here Berlin and all German channels. Broadcast magazine. Year 1940, issue 52, p. 2 ZDB -ID 541891-4 .
57. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
58. ↑ To be found in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under archive number 2955859 as a digitization of the original audio carrier of the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (RRG 62864 / [62] 880). Online access to the inventory or the inventory information of the DRA via the Internet is not possible. The recording duration of the entire broadcast is noted as 63:16 minutes. The inventory information (abstract) can be found in printed form, however, from Walter Roller: Audio documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939–1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , p. 557 (Document No. 1610). The inventory of the original sound carriers of the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft is also recorded by Rainer E. Lotz (Hrsg.): Deutsche National-Discographie . Series 4: Discography of German voice recordings. Volume 4. Lotz, Bonn 2004, ISBN 3-9805808-9-X , p. 1288 ( Google books snippet view ) with reference to [17 shellac sound] records with the number RRG 62864– [62] 880 and a recording length of 62:09 minutes.
59. ↑ audio document on YouTube - version of the Christmas ring broadcast 1940 ; some broadcasts are missing and additional Christmas music is mixed in.
60. ↑ Sound document - final part of the Christmas ring broadcast 1940 (MP3; 704 kB)
61. ↑ You can hear the start of the broadcast with the introductory remarks by Werner Plücker, the bells of the garrison church in Potsdam and the switch to the destroyer in a feature by Radio Corax from Halle entitled Battle of Stalingrad on Nazi radio. In the mp3 recording , this compilation is between 9:05 and 15:51 minutes.
62. ↑ Home your stars. Vol. 7 War Christmas 1940. Ed. UraCant Musikverlag Fridhardt Pascher. 2003, EAN 7640104020110; the total running time of all contributions to the one hour long Christmas ring broadcast 1940 is only 37:25 minutes on the CD (the rest of the CD is contemporary Christmas music). The broadcasts are completely missing: German volunteer company in Italian East Africa and from Katowice “Coal mines in East Upper Silesia”.
63. ↑ Short excerpts (the first 30 seconds as audio samples) under the sales portal “www.zinnfigur.com” .
64. ↑ This complete sentence can only be found in the audio document of the German Broadcasting Archive from the recording minute 1:18; it is missing in the numerous other documents on the Internet.
65. ↑ This complete sentence can only be found in the audio document of the German Broadcasting Archive from recording minute 2:26; it is missing in the numerous other documents on the Internet.
66. ↑ This part of the sentence and the previous sentence "And you people comrades ..." can only be found in the sound document of the German Broadcasting Archive from recording minute 3:21; they are missing in the numerous other documents on the Internet.
67. ↑ These three opening sentences can only be found in the audio document of the German Broadcasting Archive from recording minute 59:58; they are missing in the numerous other documents on the Internet.
68. ↑ Walter Roller: Sound documents on cultural and contemporary history 1939-1940. A directory. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2006, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive . Volume 18), ISBN 3-86650-540-X , p. 557 (Document No. 1610).
69. ↑ So also the contemporary description of the mixed use of record and transmission at F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), pp. 49-50.
70. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 (423).
71. ↑ [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), Issue 6, p. 301 (303); similar to F [ritz] Budischin: How was the Christmas ring broadcast technically carried out on the radio? In: The Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 65 (1941), Issue 4 (January 25, 1941), p. 49 (51).
72. ↑ Werner Plücker refer to this broadcast sequence: We built the Christmas bridge “Front - Heimat”. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Born 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 (423) and [Gerhard] Gerd [ sic! ] Eckert: Review of the Wehrmacht ring broadcast. In: The literature. Monthly for lovers of literature. Volume 43 (1940/41), issue 6, p. 301 (303).
73. ↑ This speaking part is located in the section “Gumbinnen” between recording minutes 0:52 and 1:14 in the audio CD version Heimat Deine Sterne. Vol. 7 War Christmas 1940. Ed. UraCant Musikverlag Fridhardt Pascher. 2003, EAN 7640104020110.
74. ↑ Thomas Riegler also refers to this: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 41.
75. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (48).
76. ^ Reports from the Reich (No. 249) of January 8, 1942. In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Reports from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the security service of the SS. Volume 9: Reports from the Reich No. 247 of December 18, 1941 - No. 271 of March 26, 1942. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , p. 3132 (3136) < Google Books Snippet View >.
77. ^ Heinrich Anacker : Christmas ring broadcast 1941. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1941/42, issue 21/22, p. 430.
78. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 43.
79. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 43.
80. ↑ See Walter Roller: Sound documents on contemporary history 1939–1945. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4), p. 123 (There is no entry for December 24, 1941 in the chronological representation); even without evidence in the previously published directory of sound recordings on German radio history 1924–1945. compiled and edited by Irmgard von Broich-Oppert, Walter Roller, H [ans] Joachim Schauss. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1972, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 1). According to information received from the German Broadcasting Archive on December 17, 2018 by e-mail to the main Wiki editor, no recording of the 1941 broadcast is known there.
81. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (48).
82. ↑ See program copy for Thursday, December 24, 1942, Der Rundfunk von heute. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. December 24, 1942, No. 358, p. 6 (below), ZDB -ID 532075-6 ; Classic radio program magazines no longer existed since June 1941 - for reasons of paper-saving and because a uniform program was broadcast on all German stations - so that the daily press made very short, single-column, three to four centimeter high prints (see Thomas Bauer: Deutsche Programmpresse 1923 to 1941. Origin, development and continuity of the radio magazines Saur, Munich and others 1993, ( Rundfunkstudien. Volume 6), ISBN 3-598-21575-4 , pp. 286-291); Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Born in 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (404), which refers to the subsequent speech by Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels at 9:00 p.m. Goebbels also states in his diary that he gave his Christmas speech after the Christmas ring broadcast at 9:00 p.m. (entry December 25, 1942 in Elke Fröhlich (ed.): The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels. On behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History and with Support of the State Archive Service of Russia, Part II. Dictates 1941–1945, Volume 6 October-December 1942. Munich et al. 1996, ISBN 3-598-22137-1 , p. 506, lines 183–184).
83. ↑ William Schnauck: Christmas hookup 1942. From the Arctic port to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6
84. ↑ Krum: Christmas ring parcel 1942. In: Die Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), Issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 (93); Franz Glatzer: “It's Christmas, home is calling!”. Hundreds of millions greet their sons at the front through the airwaves. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 425.
85. ↑ The number with "over" 50,000 km from Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Born 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (405) and Wilhelm Schnauck: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. From the Eismeerhafen to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6 and "around" 50,000 km from [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 < Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)>. The number of even 80,000 km at Krum: Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: The German Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 (93).
86. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401.
87. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (402).
88. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (48); Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (404).
89. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), volume 1/2, p. 47 (48–51).
90. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (402, 403).
91. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (402, 403).
92. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (48); Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21, p. 401 (403).
93. ↑ William Schnauck: Christmas hookup 1942. From the Arctic port to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6 ; the involvement of two submarines is also evident from the lecture by the chief MND ( Marinenachrichtendienst ) at the briefing with the chief Skl ( naval warfare ) on December 23, 1942 <see Werner Rahn , Gerhard Schreiber (ed.): Kriegstagebuch der Seekriegsleitung 1939– 1945. Part A. Volume December 40, 1942. On behalf of the Military History Research Office in conjunction with the Federal Archives-Military Archives and the Navy Officers Association . < Facsimile edition>. Mittler, Herford / Bonn 1993, ISBN 3-8132-0640-8 , original p. 467 ( Google Books snippet view )>.
94. ↑ A submarine is said to have been 2,500 km from the Atlantic port of operations (see Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast . In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, Issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 <405>).
95. ↑ Mention of this submarine with greetings in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 and the entry into the port of St. Nazaire on Christmas Eve 1942 in a letter from a participating marine after the war; this letter to the author is printed in Lothar-Günther Buchheim : Die U-Boot -fahrer. The boats, the crews and their admiral. 2nd Edition. Piper, Munich / Zurich 1998, ISBN 3-492-04044-6 , p. 256 Google books snippet view .
96. ↑ A fighter pilot on duty is said to have spoken to his wife (see Wilhelm Bartholdy: Deutsche Kriegsweihnacht 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, Issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 < 405>).
97. ↑ According to the activity report of the 338th [ sic !, incorrect ] [335th] Infantry Division , the "Section Marseille" was created together with the Propaganda Company 649 (see Ahlrich Meyer : The raids in Marseille 1943 and the propaganda photography of the German Wehrmacht . In: Francia. Research on West European History. Volume 22/3 (1995), p. 127 (148 footnote 90) with reference to the Federal Archives <BA-MA, RH 26-335 / 16, Bl. 101> online version ) . Further details on the contributors (singer group of the music corps, harmonica players and two grenadiers with greetings to relatives in Munich and Frankfurt am Main) are also given in the same activity report (see Ahlrich Meyer (ed.): The view of the occupier. Propagandaphotographie der Wehrmacht from Marseille 1942–1944 = Le regard de l'occupant. Marseille vue par des correspondants de guerre allemands, 1942–1944. Edition Temmen, Bremen 1999, ISBN 3-86108-725-1 , p. 165 (166) with the Documentation of the activity report of January 2, 1943 of Dept. Ic of the 335th Infantry Division for the December 1942 war diary [BA-MA, RH 26-335 / 16]).
98. ↑ The military convalescent home with a Christmas party for the wounded was the first switching point (see Wilhelm Bartholdy: Deutsche Kriegsweihnacht 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, Issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (404 Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: Radio and history. Communications from the study group for radio and history. Information from the German radio archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 <49> ).
99. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (405).
100. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (50).
101. ↑ A propaganda photo ( jpg image file ) with a group of five people in front of a microphone for the Christmas ring broadcast in 1942 with the description of the most intimate connection between leadership and people, between the front and home, the radio was built in a decade of National Socialist construction. Here is a picture from the big Christmas ring broadcast in 1942: A family in the Funkhaus Berlin is talking to the oldest son and brother who is standing by the Arctic Ocean. Recording: RRG / [Valentin] Kubina can be found on the cover of Funkschau magazine . Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 16 (1943), Issue 2 ( ISSN  0016-2841 ).
102. ↑ Krum: Christmas ring parcel 1942. In: Die Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 (90–91) with map drawing.
103. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 44 and also a former military doctor from Stalingrad in his experience report Otto Rühle : Recovery in Jelabuga . Autobiographical report. Verlag der Nation, Berlin 1967, p. 34 ( Google books snippet view ); Another German soldier from Stalingrad reports his doubts about the correctness of the location in a memorial report (see Dieter Peeters: Vermiss in Stalingrad. As a simple soldier, I survived Kessel and death camps 1941–1949. Zeitgut Verlag, Berlin 2005, ( Collection of contemporary witnesses. Volume 28), ISBN 978-3 933336-77-4 , p. 36 < Preview on google books >).
104. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 44.
105. ↑ It was probably the 5th movement of the cantata Einfestburg ist Unser Gott, BWV 80 by Johann Sebastian Bach , because the first line of text reads And if the world were full of devils and the fourth We should succeed .
106. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (51); Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (405).
107. ↑ This criticism was written by the head of the department of the liaison office to the Propaganda Ministry, Reichsamtsleiter Walter Tießler , from the party chancellery on January 20, 1943 to the broadcasting department head in the Propaganda Ministry, Hans Fritzsche . With a verbatim long quote, Tießler referred to a report by the Deputy Gauleiter of the Gauleitung Sudetenland to the party chancellery, extracts of which had been forwarded to him “within the authorities”. A response to this criticism has not survived (see the two original documents - each comprising a sheet - filmed “Note for Pg. [Party member] Tießler from January 19, 1943 - Az. II B 1” and “Note for Pg. Fritzsche from January 20, 1943 "from the Federal Archives (BA NS 18/337) in files of the party chancellery of the NSDAP. Reconstruction of a lost inventory. Collection of the correspondence passed down in other origins, minutes of meetings, etc. with the deputy of the Führer and his Staff or the party chancellery, their offices, units and subdivisions as well as with Hess and Bormann personally. Part II. Microfiches . Volume 2. Box 2. Microfiche 97-185 [Sheet No. 40414-77995]. Ed. Institute for Zeitgeschichte . Saur, Munich et al. 1983, DNB data set ), microfiche no. 150 (sheet no. 63187 and 63188).
108. ↑ To be found in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under archive number 4326407 as a digitization of the private recording of Dr. Peter Huverstuhl from Cologne. Online access to the inventory or the inventory information of the DRA via the Internet is not possible. The recording time - with numerous gaps compared to the entire broadcast - is noted as 15:38 minutes. The audio document was found in the estate of Peter Huverstuhl in the historical archive of the city of Cologne under the inventory number 1626 ( digital reading room of the city archive ). There are numerous recordings of radio broadcasts on Decelith records between 1940 and 1944 by the recording studio Dr. Peter Huverstuhl. A total of 79 boxes with 20-30 plates each are archived. Parts of the 1942 Christmas ring broadcast can be found in this estate under the number A 3 on individual plates ( digital reading room of the city archive ). According to information received from the Historical Archive on January 15, 2018 by email to the main Wiki editor, the Decilith plates contained in the Peter Huverstuhl holdings have been completely handed over to the German Broadcasting Archive for transfer and long-term archiving. According to this information, at the time of the collapse of the Historical Archive on March 3, 2009, the project was not yet completed. A loss in the collapse could therefore not occur. In the meantime, according to the DRA homepage, the 1,800 recordings ("RRG recordings from the Huverstuhl estate") were finally indexed in 2018 and digitized from the original sound carrier.
109. ↑ To be found in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under archive number 2570043 as digitization. Online access to the inventory or the inventory information of the DRA via the Internet is not possible. The recording duration of the entire broadcast is noted as 4:45 minutes.
110. ↑ See, for example, the final part of the 1942 Christmas ring broadcast in the Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth (MP3; 2.3 MB).
111. ↑ That is why the “old” state of delivery can still be found, for example, with Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47; An old printed directory (catalog) of the German Broadcasting Archive also only contains the final part available there with a transmission length of 4:55 minutes (see Walter Roller: Tondokumente zur Zeitgeschichte 1939–1945. Ed. Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( Bild- and audio directories. Volume 4), p 166 <document no. 490>).
112. ↑ Herwart Vorländer: The sound document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (300).
113. ↑ To be found in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under archive number 4326407 as a digitization of the private recording of Dr. Peter Huverstuhl; the final part begins at recording minute 9:35.
114. ↑ Until the end of 2017, the literature relied on the "old" archive document or the Internet versions for transcription. A slightly incorrect transcription (also with a suitable description of the voices) by Herwart Vorländer: The audio document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (299). A somewhat less complete transcription with more typing errors in Uta C. Schmidt: Radioaneignung. In: Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radio in National Socialism. Between steering and distraction. edition diskord, Tübingen 1998, ( Listening and being heard. Volume 1), ISBN 3-89295-638-3 , p. 243 (337–338); it lacks z. B. the report of a station when called by the studio speaker, the final text of the studio speaker with the call of the individual stations to sing and in addition some foreign place names are misspelled. An even more abbreviated transcription by Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast in 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (273) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 9>.
115. ↑ These first four sentences can not be found in the internet audio files, but only in the digitized version of the "private recording" in the German Broadcasting Archive from the recording minute 9:35.
116. ↑ This sentence is not found in the Internet sound documents, but only in the digitized version of the "private recording" in the German Broadcasting Archive from the recording minute 10:04. The part of the Internet version with a different choice of words reads: Attention everyone! Once again, under the impression of these hours that we experienced together, all comrades should report to the most distant transmission points and give testimony through their call of the comprehensive experience of this, our ring broadcast.
117. ↑ A propaganda photo of a small choir and a small orchestra - each in naval clothing - for the 1942 Christmas ring broadcast with the description of naval artillery men singing for the Großdeutscher Rundfunk's Christmas ring broadcast - photo: PK Karbach can be found in the (facsimile ) Photo articles Christmas at the Kriegsmarine. In: The Navy. An annotated selection of completed, unchanged articles from the propaganda magazine of the German Navy . Published with the support of the High Command of the Navy. ZDB ID 541886-0 . Volume 3. 1942. Verlag für historical documentation, Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-921789-02-8 , p. 161 (An indication of which issue <with page number> of the 1942 year of the magazine the printed page comes from is missing for all facsimile copies Article in book documentation.).
118. ↑ From this point on, the rest of the final part of the program can only be found in the digitized version of the "private recording" in the German Broadcasting Archive from the recording minute 3:04 pm and not in the Internet audio files.
119. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), pp. 401–405.
120. ↑ See e.g. B. Thomas Riegler: Milestones in broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , pp. 44-46 and the other current articles in the literature list.
121. ^ Joachim-Felix Leonhard : State authority in state form. Mass Media and Domination in the 20th Century. In: Franz-Reiner Erkens (Ed.): The sacrality of rule. Legitimation of power in the change of times and spaces. Fifteen interdisciplinary contributions to a worldwide and epoch-spanning phenomenon. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003660-5 , p. 213 (222).
122. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47.
123. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (48).
124. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (48).
125. ↑ See the above-mentioned audio documents in the German Broadcasting Archive.
126. ↑ This photo can be found as an enlargement in the German Broadcasting Archive in the registration file for image material with the number 00038197. On the back of the photo is noted: "Seen, December 22, 1942". The current publication by Friedrich Engel, Gerhard Kuper, Frank Bell, Wulf Münzer, Joachim Polzer (eds.) Refers to this : Time layers: Magnetic tape technology as a carrier of culture, inventor biographies and inventions. Chronology of magnetic tape technology and its use in radio, television, music, film and video production. Second edition. Polzer, Potsdam 2010, ( Weltwunder der Kinematographie. Volume 9/2), ISBN 3-934535-28-3 , p. 181 (Figure 192) with the footnote 1385. The photo of a group of eleven people published in a magazine at the time in a “ Technikraum ”with the description At the Christmas ring broadcast in the central control room in Berlin - group leader Werner Plücker (in front of the microphone) also designed the traditional ring broadcast between front and home for Christmas 1942. Technical director Herbert Dominik [chief engineer in the Reich Ministry of Propaganda and technical director of the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft] (standing in the middle), Obering, supervised the technical handling of this broadcast, which required a total of 50,000 km of line. Dr. Ludwig Heck [head of the technical operations center of the Berlin radio station] (right) and Dr. Ing.Gerhard Schadwinkel (left). Recording: Reichs-Rundfunk ([Valentin] Kubina) can be found in the newspaper article by [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 ( Online <PDF; 1.74 MB>). A heavily cropped (and retouched <deletion of a person>) picture with only six people ( jpg picture ) of this "original photo " can be found on the homepage of the Rundfunkmuseum der Stadt Fürth . This image section is also reproduced identically in the work “Zeitschichten” mentioned here.
127. ↑ Mention of this submarine with greetings in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942 and the entry into the port of Saint-Nazaire on Christmas Eve 1942 in a letter from a participating marine after the war; this letter to the author is printed in Lothar-Günther Buchheim : Die U-Boot -fahrer. The boats, the crews and their admiral. 2nd Edition. Piper, Munich / Zurich 1998, ISBN 3-492-04044-6 , p. 256 Google books snippet view .
128. ↑ Reference to the radio play complex at L [udwig] Heck: The technical implementation of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 420 (421).
129. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (276) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 13>.
130. ↑ Günter Grull: radio and music by and for soldiers. War and post-war years 1939–1960. Herbst, Köln 2000, ( WHV. Volume 55), ISBN 3-923925-66-2 , p. 177 footnote 8 ( Google books snippet view ).
131. ^ Friedrich Kittler : Synergy of man and machine. In: Florian Rötzer , Sara Rogenhofer (Ed.): Make Art? Conversations and essays. 2nd Edition. Boer, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-924963-23-1 , p. 90 (100) < Online partial excerpt of a long quotation from the first publication ( memento from September 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) from the journal KUNSTFORUM international . Volume 98 (January / February 1989), Aesthetics of the Immaterial? The relationship between art and new technologies. Part II, p. 108 (115 f.)>.
132. ↑ See his propaganda works in Wolfram Wessels: Radio plays in the Third Reich. On the history of institutions, theory and literature. Bouvier, Bonn 1985, ( Treatises on art, music and literary studies. Volume 366), ISBN 3-416-01926-1 , pp. 188-189, 248-250, 407, 503-504.
133. ↑ See E [ugen] Kurt Fischer : Dramaturgie des Rundfunks. Vowinckel, Heidelberg / Berlin / Magdeburg 1942, ( Studies on World Radio and Television Broadcasting. Volume 4), p. 121.
134. ^ Gerhard Eckert : The radio as a means of guidance. Vowinckel, Heidelberg / Berlin / Magdeburg 1941, ( Studies on world radio and television. Volume 1), p. 43.
135. ^ Gerhard Eckert: The radio as a means of guidance. Vowinckel, Heidelberg / Berlin / Magdeburg 1941, ( studies on world broadcasting and television broadcasting. Volume 1), p. 110 ( Google books snippet view ).
136. ↑ See, for example, Gerhard Eckert: The radio as a guide. Vowinckel, Heidelberg / Berlin / Magdeburg 1941, ( Studies on world radio and television. Volume 1), pp. 43, 93.
137. ↑ A contemporary presentation of the public demonstration of the new technology in the magnetophone process on June 10, 1941 can be found in the article by [Erich] Schwandt: Magnetisches Tonaufnahmverfahren high quality. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), issue 7, p. 11 ( Online <PDF; 1.94 MB>).
138. ^ According to the then head of the radio department in the Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , Hans Fritzsche , in his own magazine article Radio in total war. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1944/45, issue 13/14 (October 1944), p. 135. ZDB -ID 552181-6 . ( Online version ( Memento from July 15, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) <Memento from March 4, 2016 saved on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; PDF; 94 kB> with different page numbering <here p. 2 >)
139. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 46.
140. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), issue 1/2, p. 47 (48).
141. ↑ In the so-called radio conference on December 12, 1943, the following passage about the Christmas ring broadcast is found: “[ Hans Fritzsche ]: I now have the question: What about the ring broadcast, the Christmas ring broadcast? [ N. N. ]: So the following is to be said about the Christmas ring broadcast. The departments at the front have all been notified. I had the last phone call this morning. We expect today or until tomorrow, until the 13th deadline, the address details for the partners who speak at home. Two or three have already been received, but I hope that tomorrow we will also include the home addresses here [ sic! ]. This afternoon we will sit down with Mr. [ … name incomprehensible ], who is working on things from the home front, and determine again what is to be organized from here. The reports on the fronts are in any case in progress, at all points that are provided for in the Christmas ring broadcast in the preliminary plan. ”The entire recording of the radio working meeting of December 12, 1943 can be found in the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under the archive number 2966016. The quoted passage runs from the recording minute 18:17 to 18:59.
142. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 46.
143. ↑ In the so-called radio working meeting in the Propaganda Ministry on December 23, 1943, it was decided that the broadcast should now last 70 minutes instead of the originally planned 60 minutes. The entire meeting is in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings with archive number 2966019 and a recording time of 31:19 minutes. The short part of the ring broadcast can be found at the recording minute 27:17 to 27:31 with the following tone: "[ N. N. ]: Yes, then one more request, Mr. Fritzsche. We would like to do the Christmas ring broadcast for 70 minutes instead of 60 minutes. [ Hans Fritzsche ]: [ … two to three unintelligible words ] Yes. We just do it. Is that clear from your side? Yes?".
144. ^ Program print for Friday, December 24, 1943. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. Berlin edition. December 24, 1943, No. 358, [Beiblatt] Berliner Beobachter, p. 1 (right column center), ZDB ID 532074-4 .
145. ^ At 9 p.m., after the Christmas ring broadcast, the Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels was supposed to speak on the radio. This was announced by the department head in the Propaganda Ministry, Hans Fritzsche , on December 12, 1943 at the daily radio work meeting (see documented quote from Martin Hartwig: Deutschlandfunk feature "First the daily slogan - the radio work meetings of the Propaganda Ministry" ( Memento from March 5, 2016 on the Internet Archive ) from June 4, 2002 - uncorrected transmission manuscript <Memento from August 4, 2012 saved on www.archive.is (archiv.today - webpage capture)>); The entire recording of the radio conference of December 12, 1943 can be found in the DRA Frankfurt (Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv) recordings under archive number 2966016 and at the recording minute 21:12 the following statement from Fritzsche: "The Minister now wants - as in previous years - speak at the end of the ring broadcast, that would be on the 24th at 9 p.m. ”.
146. ↑ This results from a comparison of votes with the previous year's programs. The planning also included him as a speaker. This was confirmed at the so-called radio conference on December 12, 1943. The entire recording of the radio conference on December 12, 1943 can be found in the DRA Frankfurt (Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv) recordings under archive number 2966016. At 7:01 p.m., Hans Fritzsche asked the following response from a meeting participant: "Plücker makes them, but we have to take over the organization on site ”.
147. ↑ Announcement of the speech in the article Dr. Goebbels speaks today. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. Berlin edition. December 24, 1943, No. 358, p. 1 (bottom right), ZDB -ID 532074-4 . Goebbels also states in his diary that he gave his Christmas speech after the ring broadcast at 9 p.m. (entry December 25, 1943 in Elke Fröhlich (ed.): The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels. On behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History and with the support of State Archives Service of Russia, Part II. Dictations 1941–1945, Volume 10 October – December 1943. Saur, Munich et al. 1994, ISBN 3-598-22306-4 , p. 549, lines 189–190).
148. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (48) with reference to the radio work meetings of the Propaganda Ministry (see documented quote from department head Hans Fritzsche at the meeting on December 12, 1943 with Martin Hartwig: Deutschlandfunk-Feature “First of all Daily slogan - The radio work meetings of the Propaganda Ministry " ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) from June 4, 2002 - uncorrected broadcast manuscript <Memento from August 4, 2012 saved on www.archive.is (archiv.today - webpage capture)>) . The entire recording of the radio conference on December 12, 1943 can be found in the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) recordings under archive number 2966016. At the recording minute from 19:59 to 20:44, the radio department head Hans Fritzsche said the following: “We want talk very little about Christmas beforehand. I just mentioned Christmas on Saturday, but in a very specific sense. Not in the sense of a Christmas mood, a pre-Christmas mood [ sic! ], but in the sense that you pronounce the word once and the term to explain that you are not afraid of it and not afraid, no longer; that special crisis problems arise from it or something like that. Otherwise, however, only Christmas itself is Christmas for us and not in the time before. ”.
149. ↑ The audio document can be found in Peter Huverstuhl's estate under the inventory number 1626 ( digital reading room of the city archive ). There are numerous recordings of radio broadcasts on Decelith records between 1940 and 1944 by the recording studio Dr. Peter Huverstuhl. A total of 79 boxes with 20-30 plates each are archived. Parts of the 1943 Christmas ring shipment can be found in this estate inventory under the number A 36 on individual plates ( digital reading room of the city archive ). According to information received from the Historical Archive on January 15, 2018 by email to the main Wiki editor, the Decilith plates contained in the Peter Huverstuhl holdings have been completely handed over to the German Broadcasting Archive for transfer and long-term archiving. According to this information, at the time of the collapse of the Historical Archive on March 3, 2009, the project was not yet completed. A loss in the collapse could therefore not occur. In the meantime, according to the DRA homepage, around 1,800 recordings ("RRG recordings from the Huverstuhl estate") have been indexed and digitized from the original sound carrier.
150. ↑ To be found here under archive number 4326411 in the holdings of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) as a digitization of the private recording made on the radio receiver by Dr. Peter Huverstuhl. Online access to the DRA inventory and inventory information via the Internet is not possible. The recording duration - with numerous gaps (for example beginning and end) compared to the entire broadcast - is noted as 24:26 minutes. An (older) printed directory (catalog) from the German Broadcasting Archive did not yet contain any evidence of the Christmas ring broadcast in 1943 (see Walter Roller: Tondokumente zur Zeitgeschichte 1939–1945. Ed. Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv. Frankfurt am Main 1975, (picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4 ), P. 203 <There is no entry in the chronological representation for the broadcast 1943.>) and also not in the directory of sound recordings on German radio history 1924–1945, which was published earlier . compiled and edited by Irmgard von Broich-Oppert, Walter Roller, H [ans] Joachim Schauss. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1972, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 1).
151. ↑ The Wiki main editor of this article also discovered the archives for the 1943 broadcast in the Cologne City Archives and in the German Broadcasting Archive only through online research at the end of 2017 after the WDR 5 broadcast “Scala - News from Culture” on December 22, 2017 in the Contribution "Christmas ring broadcast 1940 - radio history with myth" by the studio interlocutor Maximilian Schönherr introduced a small sound sample (see below under the web links).
152. ↑ The full version of the abstract of the audio document (not available online) reads: (without announcement) (original sound) NN (war reporter): Eastern Front, middle section / The war reporter in a bunker in conversation with Private Erich Stendal from Hamburg / Growing the community between front and home / exchange of words with the private's father and brother-in-law Max in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg, in a shunting master's house / work at home for the front, slogan: carry on / from 3'37 (original sound) NN (war reporter): Aegean, Milos island, from an air traffic control post (connection does not come about) from 4'24 (original sound) NN (war reporter): Eastern front, northern section / To the bells of the cathedral in Preskau? [Correctly Pleskau ] near Leningrad / impressions from the northern front (breaks off) from 6'14 (original sound) NN (war reporter): Western Mediterranean, Toulon, the Todt organization reports: Workers from numerous European nations are defending Europe Head of Organization Todt / (gap at 6'45) / On the question of whether the old company is still working in Germany, Reichsinnungsmeister Evers (ph) gives information / from 7'02 (original sound) Evers: Company is working on rebuilding the destroyed ones Cities and settlements. Greetings to the operations manager Lutz Rossmann (ph), who is currently in Germany due to illness. Greetings also to the woman in Silesia and relatives in Bremen. (breaks off) from 8'01 (original sound) N. N. (war reporter): from the southern front in Italy on Monte Camino (ph), listing of the troops including armored division "Hermann Göring" that have come together for the Christmas party. The battle aviator Oberfeldwebel Hannes Schmitz, who was already involved in various front reports, is to speak today as a reward for his services for everyone / from 9'55 (original sound) Hannes Schmitz (ph) speaks about Berlin with his parents and sister Marie on the domestic farm in Stetterndorf (ph) in the Franconian Jura / in between (original sound) Director Berlin and NN (reporter): Atmospheric picture from Stetterndorf / about the Christmas tree, the spinning wheel and horses in the stable / solidarity replaces the lack of workers at home and at the front from 14'32 (original sound) NN (war reporter) from the Crimea: Christmas party with Romanian mountain troops / mood report, underlaid with instrumental music / song of the Romanian mountain troops (vocals) as a greeting to the German comrades / from 17'05 (Original sound) [Martin] Hackl, lieutenant in a reconnaissance squadron on the Dnieper front, bearer of the Knight's Cross [since December 7, 1943] for reason at the Edersee [ sic! - rightly "Gmund am Tegernsee"] in Upper Bavaria (ph) / returns the greeting to the Romanian brothers in arms / polyphonic male singing with accordion accompaniment and yodelling (faded out) from 1926 (original sound) NN (war reporter) from the Channel coast : Atmospheric report from the defensive battles / view of the barracks where Christmas is being celebrated / men's singing (faded out) from 23'15 (original sound) NN (war reporter) from Northern Norway: atmospheric report from a lonely battery position / anti-aircraft guns in the northern lights (breaks off)
153. ↑ His complete statements on the Christmas ring broadcast in 1943 in the so-called radio working meeting on December 27, 1943 in the Propaganda Ministry read: “The second thing I noticed was that the ring broadcast was much more hopeful this time than in the previous year. It did not exhaust itself in this simple exchange, this simple exchange, [ sic! ] of greetings. And on the other hand, I always had the feeling that she still didn't do justice to the great opportunity. Even then, it stuck to various externalities. This brilliantly conceived and then somehow unsuccessful conversation between the political fighter in military action and the political fighter now in action at home, that is a breakdown [ maybe the connection "Milos" is meant ], isn't it, nobody could foresee. On closer consideration, you could have expected a little more, you could not have expected important thoughts and big ideas. But what one imagines ideally then often collides with the harsh reality. No, beyond that, somehow, the tone has not yet been found that, without sounding sentimental, then releases certain psychological forces that urge for liberation on this day and, if they are not liberated, explode somewhere else. And I have thought to myself, if fate imposes it on us and on the other hand allows it, then I would like to do the ring broadcast myself next year and try what we can get out of it. ”(So the sound document in the inventory of the DRA Frankfurt (German Broadcasting Archive) ) of the entire meeting with archive number 2966019 and a recording time of 31:19 minutes - the part of the ring broadcast can be found in section 7:28 to 9:18 minutes.).
154. ↑ See program imprint Reichsprogramm and Deutschlandsender for Sunday, December 24th, 1944, Der Rundfunk am Sonntag. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. Berlin edition. December 23, 1944, No. 344, p. 4 (left center), ZDB -ID 532074-4 ; Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the study group broadcasting and history. Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (48); Individual Reich broadcasters with independent programs no longer existed since June 1940.
155. ↑ See Walter Roller: Sound documents on contemporary history 1939–1945. Edited by the German Broadcasting Archive. Frankfurt am Main 1975, ( picture and sound carrier directories. Volume 4), p. 245; There is no entry for December 24, 1944 in the chronological representation.
156. ^ Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 46.
157. ↑ Ansgar Diller: The Christmas ring broadcast 1942. The RRG production schedule. In: radio and history. Communications from the Study Group on Broadcasting and History - Information from the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 29 (2003), Issue 1/2, p. 47 (48) with reference to these statements by the department head in the Propaganda Ministry, Hans Fritzsche , at one of the daily radio work meetings.
158. ^ Entry December 31, 1944 in Elke Fröhlich (ed.): The diaries of Joseph Goebbels. Part II. Dictations 1941-1945. Volume October 14 – December 1944. On behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History and with the support of the Russian State Archives Service. Saur, Munich a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-598-22310-2 , p. 500, lines 171-173 ( Google Books snippet view ).
159. ↑ See Martin Blümcke : "The miracle of being together" - Christmas ring mailings in World War II. In: Booklet (supplement) for the audio CD Heimat Your Stars. Vol. 7 War Christmas 1940. Ed. UraCant Musikverlag Fridhardt Pascher. 2003, EAN 7640104020110, p. [2 <15> page numbering missing]; Program copy of the Reich program for Sunday, December 24, 1944, Der Rundfunk am Sonntag. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. Berlin edition. December 23, 1944, No. 344, p. 4 (left center), ZDB -ID 532074-4 ; Naming of the programs also with Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 46.
160. ↑ This "report" is in the Federal Archives (according to the "Findbuch") in holdings R 55 (Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda) with the archive signature 601 (p. 269) [ although not yet viewed by the Wiki main processor ] (see holdings R 55. Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. [Printed as typescript]. Edited by Wolfram Werner. Bundesarchiv, Koblenz 1979, ( Find aids on the holdings of the Bundesarchiv. Volume 15), pp. 289, 297 < Google books snippet view >).
161. ↑ William Schnauck: Christmas hookup 1942. From the Arctic port to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6 , on broadcast 1942.
162. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Born 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 on the 1940 broadcast.
163. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 (online) (PDF; 1.7 MB) for the 1940 broadcast.
164. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (8) on the 1940 broadcast.
165. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (6) on the 1940 broadcast.
166. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 (online) (PDF; 1.7 MB) for the 1940 broadcast.
167. ↑ Krum: Christmas ring parcel 1942. In: Die Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 for the 1942 broadcast.
168. ^ Gerhard Eckert: The radio as a means of guidance. Vowinckel, Heidelberg / Berlin / Magdeburg 1941, ( studies on world broadcasting and television. Volume 1), p. 96 ( Google books snippet view ) on the 1940 broadcast.
169. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (8) on the 1940 broadcast.
170. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (7) on the 1940 broadcast.
171. ↑ [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Year 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 < Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)> for the 1942 broadcast.
172. ↑ William Schnauck: Christmas hookup 1942. From the Arctic port to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6
173. ^ Wilhelm Bartholdy: German War Christmas 1942. A review of the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Reichsrundfunk. Year 1942/43, issue 21 (January 10, 1943), p. 401 (402) on the 1942 broadcast.
174. ↑ William Schnauck: Christmas hookup 1942. From the Arctic port to Africa. Greetings from the front to home over 50,000 km. In: Völkischer Beobachter . Combat sheet of the National Socialist movement of Greater Germany. North German edition. 25/26/27 December 1942, No. 359/360/361, p. 9, ZDB -ID 532075-6 , on broadcast 1942.
175. ↑ Ludwig Heck: The technical performance in the Christmas ring broadcast. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 423 (424) on the 1940 broadcast.
176. ↑ [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Year 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 < Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)> for the 1942 broadcast.
177. ↑ Gerhard Tannenberg: From NARVIK to GRAZ from HENDAYE to WARSCHAU - How the Wehrmacht's Christmas ring broadcast came about. In: The Wehrmacht. Born in 1941, issue 1 (January 1, 1941), p. <unknown> ZDB -ID 551951-2 for broadcast 1940.
178. ↑ Article Merry Radio Christmas for Front and Home. A holiday program with many beautiful gifts - The Reichsminister Dr. Goebbels and Rudolf Hess speak. In: Here Berlin and all German channels. Broadcast magazine. Year 1940, issue 52, p. 2 ZDB -ID 541891-4 for broadcast 1940.
179. ↑ Werner Plücker: We built the Christmas bridge "Front - Heimat". In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 422 (423) on the 1940 broadcast.
180. ↑ Krum: Christmas ring parcel 1942. In: Die Deutsche Post. Weekly for the postal and telecommunications system. Volume 67 (1943), issue 10 (March 6, 1943), p. 89 for the 1942 broadcast.
181. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (11) on the 1940 broadcast.
182. ↑ Article Our most beautiful Christmas. Ring broadcast calls to Greater Germany and its soldiers. In: National Socialist Radio Correspondence. RK. Year 1940, issue 53 (December 30, 1940), p. 4, ZDB -ID 546660-x .
183. ↑ Alfred Karrasch: Father Peitschat speaks with his six sons. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Year 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 426 on the 1940 broadcast.
184. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (8) on the 1940 broadcast.
185. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 (online) (PDF; 1.7 MB) for the 1940 broadcast.
186. ↑ [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Year 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 < Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)> for the 1942 broadcast.
187. ↑ Article The Christmas ring broadcast - a great achievement of organization and technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Volume 14 (1941), Issue 2, p. 22 (online) (PDF; 1.7 MB) for the 1940 broadcast.
188. ↑ Franz Glatzer: "It's Christmas, home calls!". Hundreds of millions greet their sons at the front through the airwaves. In: Schul-Rundfunk. Biennial for educational work. Born 1940/41, issue 22 (January 19, 1941), p. 425 on the 1940 broadcast.
189. ↑ [Erich] Schwandt: Ten years of National Socialist radio technology. In: Funkschau. Magazine for radio technicians. Radio show of the month. Magazine for the practitioner. Year 16 (1943), issue 2, p. 17 < Online (PDF; 1.8 MB)> for the 1942 broadcast.
190. ↑ H [ANS] J [ÜRGEN] Nierentz , A [xel] Neels: letters from Narvik and Hendaye. In: Welt-Rundfunk. Volume 4 (1940), issue 5/6, p. 5 (11) on the 1940 broadcast.
191. ↑ Entry December 25, 1943 in Elke Fröhlich (Ed.): The diaries of Joseph Goebbels. On behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History and with the support of the State Archives Service of Russia. Part II. Dictations 1941-1945. Volume 10 October – December 1943. Saur, Munich a. a. 1994, ISBN 3-598-22306-4 , p. 549, line 190.
192. ^ Entry December 25, 1942 in Elke Fröhlich (Ed.): The diaries of Joseph Goebbels. On behalf of the Institute for Contemporary History and with the support of the State Archives Service of Russia. Part II. Dictations 1941-1945. Volume 6 October – December 1942. Saur, Munich a. a. 1996, ISBN 3-598-22137-1 , p. 506, lines 183-184.
193. ^ Reports from the Reich (No. 152) of January 9, 1941. In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Reports from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the security service of the SS. Volume 6: Reports from the Reich No. 142 of November 18, 1940 - No. 179 of April 17, 1941. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , p. 1886 (1888).
194. ^ Reports from the Reich (No. 249) of January 8, 1942. In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Reports from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the security service of the SS. Volume 9: Reports from the Reich No. 247 of December 18, 1941 - No. 271 of March 26, 1942. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , p. 3132 (3136).
195. ^ Reports from the Reich (No. 346) from December 29, 1942. In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Reports from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the SS security service. Volume 12: Reports from the Reich No. 332 of November 5, 1942 - No. 362 of February 25, 1943. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , p. 4597 (4601) < Google Books Snippet View >.
196. ^ Reports from the Reich (No. 346) from December 29, 1942. In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Reports from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the SS security service. Volume 12: Reports from the Reich No. 332 of November 5, 1942 - No. 362 of February 25, 1943. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , p. 4597 (4599).
197. ^ SD reports on domestic issues from January 3, 1944 (Green Series). In: Heinz Boberach (Ed.): Messages from the Reich 1938–1945. The secret situation reports of the security service of the SS. Volume 16: SD reports on domestic issues from December 27, 1943 (red series) - April 20, 1944 (white series). Reports to the Party Chancellery from January 1944. Reports from the SD sections from February 4, 1944. Report to the Reich Treasurer of the NSDAP from March 23, 1944 - April 13, 1944. Pawlak, Herrsching 1984, ISBN 3-88199-158-1 , P. 6203.
198. ↑ Norbert Piechula (Ed.): Old Chronicle of Wellendorf [Turze]. Stara kronika Turza. 1866-1945. [Transcription from the old German Sütterlin manuscript]. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-2469-9 , p. 77 ( Google books preview ).
199. ↑ See letter in Jens Ebert (Ed.): Feldpostbriefe from Stalingrad. November 1942 to January 1943. Wallstein, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8353-0826-8 , p. 199 ( Google books preview ).
200. ↑ See the letter as an online transcript on the website of the Museum Foundation Post and Telecommunications and also in Jens Ebert: “The Stalingrad boiler cannot be described”. Field post letters from Stalingrad 1942/1943. In: Ulrich Herrmann, Rolf-Dieter Müller (Ed.): Young soldiers in World War II. War experiences as life experiences. Juventa-Verlag, Weinheim / Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-7799-1138-8 , p. 166 (187).
201. ↑ Quoted in the broadcast manuscript of the radio report Deutschlandlandfunk: Feldpostbriefe from Stalingrad. Part 12. Of Delusion and Lost Faith, November 29, 2002.
202. ↑ Quoted in Guido Knopp : Stalingrad. The drama. Bertelsmann, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-570-00693-X , p. 271 ( Google books snippet view ).
203. ↑ See e.g. B. Herwart Vorländer: The audio document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (298-301).
204. ↑ See e.g. B. from the Salzburg Museum the handout “Silent Night 200 - Teaching Materials No. 5 - 'Silent Night! Holy Night!' A song as a political propaganda instrument and socially critical medium ” as part of the national exhibition for the anniversary“ 200 years of Silent Night! Holy Night! ”From 09/29/2018 to 02/03/2019 (PDF, 2.33 MB), which can be used to deal with the manipulation, suppression or misrepresentation of news and even fake news on the basis of the 1942 broadcast .
205. ↑ Most recently, Hans-Ulrich Wagner from the Hans-Bredow-Institut with his - not yet published - lecture The 'Großdeutsche Reich' on air: The German 'Christmas rings' (1939-1944) on September 1, 2017 at the University of Amsterdam in the frame of the workshop “Inventing Global Radio” of the international network “Connecting the Wireless World: Writing Global Radio History” (see homepage of the Hans Bredow Institute ).
206. ↑ Herwart Vorländer: The sound document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (300).
207. ^ Karin Falkenberg : Listening to the radio. A history of consciousness from 1933 to 1950. Falkenberg, Haßfurt / Nürnberg 2005, ISBN 3-927332-07-0 , p. 132.
208. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequencing volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (270) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 5>.
209. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 283.
210. ↑ Wolfgang Hagen : The radio. On the history and theory of radio - Germany / USA. Fink, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7705-4025-5 , p. 141.
211. ↑ Jochen Meißner : The principle of live war in radio plays. In: Heinz-Peter Preußer (Hrsg.): War in the media. Rodopi, Amsterdam / New York 2005, ( Amsterdam Contributions to Modern German Studies. Volume 57), ISBN 90-420-1855-0 , p. 175 (184).
212. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zürich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (281) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 19>.
213. ↑ Wolfgang Hagen : The radio. On the history and theory of radio - Germany / USA. Fink, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7705-4025-5 , pp. 141-142.
214. ↑ Uta C. Schmidt: Radio appropriation. In: Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radio in National Socialism. Between steering and distraction. edition diskord, Tübingen 1998, ( Listening and being heard. Volume 1), ISBN 3-89295-638-3 , p. 243 (337).
215. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 284.
216. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequencing volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (269) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 4>.
217. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (276) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 13>.
218. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 284.
219. ^ Friedrich Kittler : Synergy of man and machine. In: Florian Rötzer , Sara Rogenhofer (Ed.): Make Art? Conversations and essays. 2nd Edition. Boer, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-924963-23-1 , p. 90 (100) < Online partial excerpt of a long quotation from the first publication ( memento from September 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) from the journal KUNSTFORUM international . Volume 98 (January / February 1989), Aesthetics of the Immaterial? The relationship between art and new technologies. Part II, p. 108 (115 f.)>.
220. ^ Joachim-Felix Leonhard : State authority in state form. Mass Media and Domination in the 20th Century. In: Franz-Reiner Erkens (Ed.): The sacrality of rule. Legitimation of power in the change of times and spaces. Fifteen interdisciplinary contributions to a worldwide and epoch-spanning phenomenon. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003660-5 , p. 213 (221).
221. ^ Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [lecture]. In: Bernhard Gajek, Erwin Wedel (Hrsg.): Utility literature. Interference - contrastivity. Contributions to Polish and German literature and linguistics. Materials from the German and Polonist Symposium. Regensburg, March 22-27 October 1979. Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Bern 1982, ( Europäische Hochschulschriften. Series I, German Language and Literature. Volume 474), ISBN 3-8204-7089-1 , p. 237 (243–244) and second publication: Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [Lecture at the German and Polonist symposium of the University of Regensburg on October 25, 1979]. In: The split consciousness. German culture and reality of life 1933–1945. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1984, ( Ullstein Sachbuch. Volume 34178), ISBN 3-548-34178-0 , p. 137 (145).
222. ↑ Wolfgang Hagen : The radio. On the history and theory of radio - Germany / USA. Fink, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7705-4025-5 , p. 142.
223. ↑ Herwart Vorländer: The sound document in contemporary history lessons. In: Uwe Uffelmann (Ed.): Didaktik der Geschichte. From the work of the universities of teacher education in Baden-Württemberg. For the State Student Council for History in connection with the State Center for Political Education. Neckar-Verlag, Villingen-Schwenningen 1986, ISBN 3-7883-0847-8 , p. 287 (300).
224. ↑ Esther Gajek : “Wild night! Striking night! ". Political Christmas in the 20th century and its relevance for selected “Silent Night” changes. In: Thomas Hochradner (Ed.): “Silent Night! Holy Night! ”Between nostalgia and reality. Joseph Mohr - Franz Xaver Gruber - Your time. Association "Friends of Salzburg History", Salzburg 2002, ( Salzburg Studies. Research on History, Art and Culture. Volume 4), ISBN 3-9500712-7-X , p. 209 (214).
225. ^ Werner Thuswaldner: Silent Night! Holy Night!. The story of a song. Residence, Salzburg / Vienna / Frankfurt 2002, ISBN 3-7017-1310-3 , pp. 137–149.
226. ↑ Peter Reichel : The beautiful appearance of the Third Reich. Violence and fascination with German fascism. Ellert and Richter, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-8319-0213-5 , p. 214.
227. ↑ Dossier: End of War 1945. Everyday Life (1). Of fat cards and beet jam. by Michael Kubitza on the online portal of Bayerischer Rundfunk.
228. ↑ Günter Grull: radio and music by and for soldiers. War and post-war years 1939–1960. Herbst, Cologne 2000, ( WHV. Volume 55), ISBN 3-923925-66-2 , p. 148.
229. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 284.
230. ↑ Dominik Schrage: “Everyone sings with us this minute” - sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zürich / Berlin 2005, ( sequenced Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , p. 267 (281) < online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from 28 July 2018 July 2018 stored on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine; (PDF; 166 kB) p. 19>.
231. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 285.
232. ↑ Manfred Schreiber: Christmas Carnival. An extinction. Plea for freedom from kitsch and against festive torture. In: Literatures. The journal for books and topics. 2002, issue 1/2 (January / February), p. 4.
233. ↑ So already for the broadcast 1940 Thomas Riegler: Milestones of broadcasting. Data and facts on the development of radio and television. Volume 2. Siebel, Meckenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-88180-682-4 , p. 40.
234. ^ Frank Vossler: Propaganda in your own troops. Troop support in the Wehrmacht 1939–1945. Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2005, ( War in History. Volume 21), ISBN 3-506-71352-3 , p. 238.
235. ↑ Peter Reichel : The beautiful appearance of the Third Reich. Violence and fascination with German fascism. Ellert and Richter, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-8319-0213-5 , p. 214.
236. ^ Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [lecture]. In: Bernhard Gajek, Erwin Wedel (Hrsg.): Utility literature. Interference - contrastivity. Contributions to Polish and German literature and linguistics. Materials from the German and Polonist Symposium. Regensburg, March 22-27 October 1979. Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Bern 1982, ( Europäische Hochschulschriften. Series I, German Language and Literature. Volume 474), ISBN 3-8204-7089-1 , p. 237 (244) and second publication: Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [Lecture at the German and Polonist symposium of the University of Regensburg on October 25, 1979]. In: The split consciousness. German culture and reality of life 1933–1945. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1984, ( Ullstein Sachbuch. Volume 34178), ISBN 3-548-34178-0 , p. 137 (145).
237. ^ Frank Vossler: Propaganda in your own troops. Troop support in the Wehrmacht 1939–1945. Schöningh, Paderborn u. a. 2005, ( War in History. Volume 21), ISBN 3-506-71352-3 , pp. 237-238.
238. ↑ Uta C. Schmidt: Radio appropriation. In: Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radio in National Socialism. Between steering and distraction. edition diskord, Tübingen 1998, ( Listening and being heard. Volume 1), ISBN 3-89295-638-3 , p. 243 (337).
239. ^ Joachim-Felix Leonhard : Media and Nazi dictatorship - An introduction. In: Bernd Heidenreich, Sönke Neitzel (Ed.): Media in National Socialism. Schöningh, Paderborn 2010, ISBN 978-3-506-76710-3 , p. 13 (24).
240. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 284.
241. ↑ Michael Marek: Synchronization on Christmas Eve: "I call Stalingrad ...". In: Hamburger Abendblatt dated December 23, 2000, No. 300, p. 10 ( online ).
242. ^ Joachim-Felix Leonhard : State authority in state form. Mass Media and Domination in the 20th Century. In: Franz-Reiner Erkens (Ed.): The sacrality of rule. Legitimation of power in the change of times and spaces. Fifteen interdisciplinary contributions to a worldwide and epoch-spanning phenomenon. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-05-003660-5 , p. 213 (222).
243. ↑ Clemens Schwender : “Yes, my dear, did you hear the Göbbels speech too?” - Perception and function of the mass media in letters from the Second World War. In: Claudia Gunz, Artur Pelka, Thomas F. Schneider (Eds.): Information Warfare. The role of the media (literature, art, photography, film, television, theater, press, correspondence) in depicting and interpreting war. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2007, ( writings from the Erich Maria Remarque archive. Volume 22), ISBN 978-3-89971-391-6 , p. 270 (278).
244. ↑ Uta C. Schmidt: Radio appropriation. In: Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radio in National Socialism. Between steering and distraction. edition diskord, Tübingen 1998, ( Listening and being heard. Volume 1), ISBN 3-89295-638-3 , p. 243 (337).
245. ↑ Inge Marßolek : "From the people for the people." The staging of the “Volksgemeinschaft” in and through the radio. In: Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radiozeiten. Domination, everyday life, society (1924–1960). Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 1999, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 25), ISBN 3-932981-44-8 , p. 121 (135) <online version; PDF; 1.24 MB>.
246. ↑ Inge Marßolek : All of Germany hears the Führer - the sound of the 'Volksgenossen'. In: Gerhard Paul , Ralph Schock (Hrsg.): Sound of the century - noises, tones, voices 1899 to today. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 2013, ISBN 978-3-8389-7096-7 , p. 186 (190 right column) <online version; PDF; 449 kB>.
247. ↑ Clemens Schwender : “Yes, my dear, did you hear the Göbbels speech too?” - Perception and function of the mass media in letters from the Second World War. In: Claudia Gunz, Artur Pelka, Thomas F. Schneider (Eds.): Information Warfare. The role of the media (literature, art, photography, film, television, theater, press, correspondence) in depicting and interpreting war. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2007, ( writings from the Erich Maria Remarque archive. Volume 22), ISBN 978-3-89971-391-6 , p. 270 (278).
248. ↑ Willi A. Boelcke : The power of the radio. World politics and international broadcasting 1924–1976. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-550-07365-8 , p. 284.
249. ↑ Michael Marek: Synchronization on Christmas Eve: "I call Stalingrad ...". In: Hamburger Abendblatt dated December 23, 2000, No. 300, p. 10 ( online ).
250. ↑ Joachim-Felix Leonhard : What becomes of the word through the tone? - Radio and listener: listening to the time. In: Askan Blum (ed.): Library in the knowledge society. Festschrift for Peter Vodosek . Saur, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-598-11567-9 , p. 301 (306).
251. ↑ This summary can be found on the "mediaculture-online" portal of the Baden-Württemberg State Media Center as an "abstract" ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) <Memento from March 4, 2016 saved on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine> of the comprehensive essay by Dominik Schrage : “Everyone sings with us this minute” - Sound as politics in the Christmas ring broadcast in 1942. In: Daniel Gethmann, Markus Stauff (Ed.): Politiken der Medien. Diaphanes, Zurich / Berlin 2005, ( sequencing. Volume 11), ISBN 3-935300-55-7 , pp. 267–285. < Online version of the article ( Memento from July 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) - Memento from July 28, 2018 saved on www.web.archive.org - Internet Archive Wayback Machine (PDF; 161 kB)>
252. ^ Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [lecture]. In: Bernhard Gajek, Erwin Wedel (Hrsg.): Utility literature. Interference - contrastivity. Contributions to Polish and German literature and linguistics. Materials from the German and Polonist Symposium. Regensburg, March 22-27 October 1979. Lang, Frankfurt am Main / Bern 1982, ( Europäische Hochschulschriften. Series I, German Language and Literature. Volume 474), ISBN 3-8204-7089-1 , p. 237 (244) and second publication: Hans Dieter Schäfer : National Socialist forms of use [Lecture at the German and Polonist symposium of the University of Regensburg on October 25, 1979]. In: The split consciousness. German culture and reality of life 1933–1945. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1984, ( Ullstein Sachbuch. Volume 34178), ISBN 3-548-34178-0 , p. 137 (145).
253. ↑ See this descriptive text for the audio sample (parts of the final sequence of the 1942 broadcast) in the digital reference work of the interactive exhibition media tables in the accessible radio archive as part of the traveling exhibition Radiophonic Spaces - A listening tour through radio art ( program booklet <PDF; 1.1 MB>) in the Museum Tinguely Basel ( October 24th, 2018 - January 27th, 2019 ), the House of World Cultures Berlin (November 1st - December 10th, 2018) and the university library of the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar (July 26th - September 19th, 2019); further audio samples from other editions of the Christmas ring broadcasts are not part of the exhibition.
254. ^ Inge Marßolek , Adelheid von Saldern : Mass media in the context of domination, everyday life and society. A challenge to historiography. In: Inge Marßolek, Adelheid von Saldern (Hrsg.): Radiozeiten. Domination, everyday life, society (1924–1960). Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 1999, ( Publications of the German Broadcasting Archive. Volume 25), ISBN 3-932981-44-8 , p. 11 (24) <online version; PDF; 1.24 MB>.