Stackmann & Retschy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Stackmann & Retschy in Lehrte was a chemical company founded in the 19th century for the artificial production of fertilizers , especially for agriculture, and is considered one of the oldest superphosphate factories in Germany .

history

After the farmer Julius Kühn had produced small quantities of superphosphate as fertilizer from bone meal and sulfuric acid in 1850 , the owners of Stackmann & Retschy took the initiative to found their fertilizer factory shortly afterwards: In the early years of the industrialization of the Kingdom of Hanover , as an apprentice The network of the Royal Hanover State Railways had been connected and the Lehrter railway cross was laid out in 1847 , the then still small town of Lehrte was seized by a wave of modernization just because of the innovative railway technology. The Lehrter Agricultural School was opened in 1852, and the farm owner Heinrich Molsen was elected mayor of Lehrte in the same year . At the time, Molsen compared agriculture with a factory that had not yet been scientifically rationalized, and pleaded, among other things, for the improvement of the agricultural implements used up until then and for the refinement of fertilizers.

Soon afterwards, the Ilten- born pharmacist Burchard Retschy , provided with preliminary scientific studies, knowledge of the agricultural conditions in the kingdom and due to the favorable traffic conditions at the Lehrter railway junction, bought a piece of land from the coupling commission directly on the Lehrte-Celle railway line ; The official files of December 20, 1853 already contain initial information about the acquisition of the land.

Together with the mayor of Molsen, Retschy finally presented his ideas of building a fertilizer factory orally to the Ilten office , submitted the application for the factory to be opened in Lehrte on April 27, 1854 and received approval from the Landdrostei Lüneburg on May 4 of that year . Together with his brother-in-law Stackmann, Retschy founded the fertilizer factory Stackmann & Retschy in Lehrte in 1854 , the buildings of which were connected to the railway network via their own siding.

The Hanoverian government also patented the new and inexpensive to produce artificial fertilizer, the basis of which was formed by the hooves of horses, cows and pigs as well as horn waste and which contained 14% nitrogen .

According to a sketch from 1854, a U-shaped factory building with a machine house was built northeast of the Lehrte train station on the extension of Bahnhofstrasse at the end of a new siding on the “auf Harburg ” railway line . In addition, a “new extension” with residential buildings and gardens was built at the station. The new jobs and living spaces with their supply and transport needs also resulted in a new infrastructure outside of the previously village-like settlement of Lehrte.

According to reports from the trade association for the Kingdom of Hanover , the Stackmann & Retschy bone mill , operated by means of a steam engine, was at least temporarily not in operation in 1854.

In addition to digested bone meal and pure superphosphates, the Stackmann & Retschy product portfolio also included nitrogenous materials such as horn meal , ammonia and Chile nitrate . While the high-grade fertilizers were mainly used for the cultivation of sugar beets , low-grade mixtures were used for grain as well as the cultivation of potatoes and in meadows. With the first fertilizer factory in the Kingdom of Hanover, their entrepreneurs primarily made a contribution to the development of the sugar beet culture, but also to the agriculture of Hanover as a whole.

Ultimately, Retschy was awarded the title of " Mountain Commissair " due to his achievements .

In the early days of the German Empire , Stackmann & Retschy produced more than 8,000,000 kilos of different types of fertilizer with 70 workers in 1878.

In 1889 the company had a steam engine from the Sächsische Maschinenfabrik , vorm. Richard Hartmann AG in operation, followed by an Ascherslebener Maschinenbau Act.-Ges. , in front of W. Schmidt & Co.Act.-Ges.

In the last year of the First World War , the company that had last been run as an open trading company (OHG) went out on April 20, 1918.

Fonts

  • Artificial fertilizers made from bones from the Stackmann & Retschy chemical factory in Lehrte near Hanover , Lehrte 1861

Archival material

Archival material by and about Stackmann & Retschy can be found, for example

literature

  • Gerhard K. Schmidt: "Stackmann & Retschy" , in ders .: One hundred years of the city of Lehrte 1898 - 1998. From the village in the great outdoors to the city in the district , publisher: Stadt Lehrte, Lehrte: Stadt Lehrte, ISBN 978-3-00 -002634-8 and ISBN 3-00-002634-7 , ( table of contents ), p. 24f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Gerhard K. Schmidt: "Stackmann & Retschy" , in ders .: One hundred years of the city of Lehrte 1898 - 1998. From the village in the great outdoors to the city in the district , publisher: Stadt Lehrte, Lehrte: Stadt Lehrte, ISBN 978-3-00-002634-8 and ISBN 3-00-002634-7 , ( table of contents ), p. 24f.
  2. ^ A b c Gerhard K. Schmidt: Regional history as home history. Lehrte 1667 - 1898 (= sources and representations on the history of Lower Saxony , publisher: Historischer Verein für Niedersachsen, vol. 114), Hanover: Hahn'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1994, ISBN 978-3-7752-5842-5 and ISBN 3-7752 -5842-6 , p. 163 et al .; Preview over google books
  3. ↑ Gerhard K. Schmidt: Table 2: Ortsvorsteher in Lehrte (1852–1898) , in ders .: One hundred years of the city of Lehrte 1898–1998 ... , p. 23
  4. ↑ a b c Compare Wolfgang Hagen-Hein: Deutsche Apotheker-Biographie (= publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy e.V. ), supplementary volume 2, Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1997, ISBN 3-8047-1565-6 , p 249; Preview over google books
  5. ↑ Compare the illustration in Gerhard K. Schmidt: One hundred years city of Lehrte ... , p. 23; the original can be found in the Lower Saxony State Archives (Hanover location), Hann. 74 Burgdorf II No. 39
  6. ↑ Karl Karmarsch (Red.): Communication of the trade association for the Royal Hanover , new series, year 1855, Hanover: in commission of the Helwing'schen Hof bookstore, p. 333; Digitized via Google books
  7. ^ A b Albert Lefèvre: Stackmann and Retschy , in ders .: The contribution of Hanoverian industry to technical progress. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 24 (1970), p. 246
  8. ↑ Compare Albert Gieseler: Stackmann & Retschy in the database Kraft- und Dampfmaschinen [undated], last accessed on July 2, 2017

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 55.7 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 25.5"  E