City of short distances
The “ city of short distances ” describes a model of urban planning that has been pursued above all since the 1980s. According to this model that can transport demand decreased, the walkability increases and thus the traffic avoided be by such conditions are created that spatial distances between living , working , (local) supply , services , leisure - and educational settings are low.
As a result, it should be possible that proportionally more pedestrian , bicycle or local public transport and less motorized private transport take place. Landscape fragmentation and urban sprawl are reduced.
One element of the concept of the “city of short distances” is the density of living space and the multifunctionality of city quarters. Empirical findings show, however, that a compact and mixed settlement structure alone is not sufficient, but that measures in the transport sector are also required for a “city of short distances”.
According to Johannes Klühspies , the title “City of Short Distances” has a suggestive and positive connotation, as it facilitates daily mobility, more time available for other purposes, the experience of a feeling of freedom through increasing time autonomy , positive communication opportunities and more time in familiar, safe surroundings imply. The “city of short distances” is an idealization that can only be partially realized in the long term. The concept makes it clear, however, that it is not about mobility per se, but rather quick accessibility and good accessibility is essential.
A link and spatial bundling of family-related infrastructure offers and services in family offices, parent-child centers or multigenerational houses that save users walking is also mentioned as an element of a “city of short distances” .
Approaches to implementation
Many cities are represented by the city administration, local organizations, political parties, local media or in city guides as a “city of short distances”, i.e. as a city in which the concept is largely implemented and in which the quality of life is high due to this property and the compatibility of family and work can be better organized.
In the process, pedestrian-friendly shopping streets or well-structured local public transport , for example, are highlighted , also in the sense of advertising your own location . In this way, for example, Brühl , Dülmen , Marburg , Minden , Osnabrück , Potsdam , Verden and, with regard to individual areas of the city, also Freiburg im Breisgau ; a lack of implementation of this concept has been criticized with regard to other cities, such as Berlin . For numerous cities, the concept is presented as a desirable model that should be taken into account in the Local Agenda 21 , among other things .
The German League for Children demands: The municipalities are called upon to contribute to a family- and child-friendly system of local public transport, a "city of short distances" and a clever upgrade of the residential area through traffic calming measures.
The implementation of the concept is opposed to the segregation of functions in the cities, the sub- or de-urbanization in neighboring regions, large structures in the leisure and commercial sector with spacious catchment areas, but also the desire of many for a life in the country.
Based on the preparatory work of the Committee on Transport and Tourism, the European Parliament, in its resolution of July 9, 2008, called, among other things, for the development of tailor-made, sustainable mobility plans and supportive measures in spatial and urban planning (“city of short distances”) with the early involvement of all those concerned , especially in the context of the EU strategy to combat climate change and other environmental problems.
According to project manager Heidi Dumreicher, the model project Sustainable City Hill Vienna Westbahnhof is based on the concept of a “city of short distances”. However, the vision of planned cities is compared with the advantages of grown cities and the option of adapting old buildings.
See also
Web links
- Jürgen Brunsing, Michael Frehn (ed.): City of short distances. Sustainable model or planning utopia? , 1999, ISBN 978-3-88211-116-3 ( abstract )
- Johannes Klühspies: City of short distances ( abstract and implementation )
- Urban development concept for Aachen in the context of sustainability and the local agenda , Chapter 2 Guiding ideas and objectives (PDF)
- Hermann Knoflacher, Urban planning from the idealized point of view of a traffic planner (PDF; 237 kB) Institute of Urban Architecture, University of Bremen
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Wegener: The city of short distances: Do we have to rebuild our cities? (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Reports from the Institute for Spatial Planning January 43 , 1999, archived from the original on October 1, 2006 ; Retrieved May 15, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Memorandum Family Living. Impulses for a family-conscious time policy. (PDF; 3.3 MB) (No longer available online.) BMFSFJ, archived from the original on January 31, 2012 ; Retrieved December 6, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. P. 86f. ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ FamilienStadtBrühl. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 6, 2009 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Economy. (No longer available online.) Www.duelmen.de, archived from the original on March 21, 2009 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ External cooperation partners. (No longer available online.) Www.uni-marburg.de, archived from the original on May 12, 2009 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Mission statement of the city of Minden. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 3, 2009 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Osnabrück. Action for the future. Strategic urban development. Balance sheet 2000–2005 and future tasks. (PDF) Retrieved May 16, 2009 .
- ↑ Why Potsdam is the front runner. Berliner Zeitung, October 5, 2007, accessed on May 16, 2009 .
- ↑ Verden connects - welcome to the citizens' website! (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 14, 2009 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Freiburg traffic concept. www.freiburg.de, March 8, 2012, accessed on June 22, 2012 .
- ^ Frank Weichelt: No city for women. Archived from the original on May 12, 2003 ; Retrieved March 6, 2010 . (in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Andreas Lange, Corinna Daeschner: Flashlights on family and mobility today. (No longer available online.) In: Zeitschrift early Childhood 1/06. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015 ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Draft of a report on the topic “Towards a new culture of mobility in the city”. (PDF; 149 kB) In: 2008/2041 (INI). European Parliament, Committee on Transport and Tourism, February 27, 2009, accessed May 19, 2009 .
- ↑ Resolution of the European Parliament of 9 July 2008 on “Towards a new culture of urban mobility”. European Parliament, accessed on 16 May 2009 .
- ↑ Towards a new culture of mobility in the city. (No longer available online.) In: Press release on vote - Plenary session of 9 July 2008 in Strasbourg. July 9, 2008, formerly in the original ; Retrieved May 19, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Sustainable City Hill Vienna Westbahnhof - Economic Aspects. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved May 16, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ On the state of solar technology in Austria: Land in der Sonne . ( Memento from October 31, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Wiener Zeitung
