Main camp Neubrandenburg / Fünfeichen

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Russian repatriation camps in Mecklenburg (October 1945)

The main camp in Neubrandenburg in what is now the Fünfeichen part of the city of Neubrandenburg was established as a main camp (Stalag) II A of military district II (Stettin) , in 1939 as a prisoner of war camp of the German Wehrmacht and existed until 1945. After that, it was used by the Soviet occupying forces as special camp no. 9 used.

Main camp (Stalag) II A

In 1938 the Wehrmacht acquired from Olga Jürges, b. Freiin von Maltzahn (1879–1963), the Fünfeichen estate on the southern edge of the city field mark of Neubrandenburg. After that, a military training area was set up here, but the estate initially continued to be operated. In the same year, work began on building a barracks , in which a tank training unit was stationed during the war.

After the start of the war, the first POW camp in Wehrkreis II (hence the name A) was built on the site of the military training area north of the estate, and the first Polish POWs arrived here on September 12, 1939. The largest groups were the French, Polish and Soviet prisoners of war.

In 1941, the Wehrmacht expanded the camp in the southern part to accommodate Soviet prisoners of war from the boiler battles. The first Soviet prisoners arrived in Stalag II A Neubrandenburg at the end of September 1941 from Stalag XD (310) Wietzendorf . Transports from the Stalag Chelm (319) and the Stalag II G Groß Born (323) followed. By the end of October around 15,000 captured Red Army soldiers had been transported to Neubrandenburg. Most of them were in bad shape and wore summer uniforms. In 1941, the daily ration consisted of around 200 g bread and thin soup without fat or meat. After arrival, the personal file I was created for each prisoner of war with personal data. Stays in work detachments, transfers to other camps, hospital treatment and punishments were also noted on the back. Each prisoner of war received an identification tag with a registration number, which was also noted on the personal card. After the war, the prisoners' personal records were brought to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Geneva Convention and are stored in Podolsk in the Central Archives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In October 1941, the Gestapo Stettin carried out sorties among the Soviet prisoners who had arrived in accordance with the deployment order No. 9 of July 21, 1941 in Stalag II A Neubrandenburg. They affected Jews, party and state officials, political commissars of the Red Army and fanatical communists. At least 75 people were transported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp and murdered there.

There were a total of 35 prisoner-of-war barracks. In March 1943 the camp was occupied by around 10,400 prisoners of war; later, due to evacuations from other camps, the number grew to around 15,000.

The prisoners of war were freed on April 28, 1945 by Soviet tank units. A total of around 70,000 prisoners of war passed through the camp. According to the memorial, around 6,000 Soviet prisoners of war and around 500 prisoners of war of the western allies died in the camp.

NKVD camp No. 9 five oaks

From 1945 to 1948 the Soviet occupying forces interned over 15,000 people on the site, at least 4,900 of whom were killed.

memorial

In April 1992, with the establishment of a working group, the processing began in Neubrandenburg. The following year a memorial was erected at the former entrance to the camp. In 1999, 59 bronze plaques were inaugurated. They bear the names of the 5,169 German dead in the Fünfeichen NKVD camp. On the 60th anniversary of the closure of Special Camp No. 9, a steel bell originally used in the Neubrandenburg Marienkirche was consecrated in the entrance area of ​​the memorial in April 2008 . Next to the reminder and memorial area there is now a barracks of the German Bundeswehr .

and display information about the image
Panorama of the memorial

  • Signpost on the access road

  • Supported cross at the entrance

  • Memorial bell

  • Plaque

  • memorial

literature

  • Tobias Baumann: The special warehouse No. 9 Fünfeichen . In: Sergej Mironenko u. a. (Hrsg.): Soviet special camps in Germany 1945 to 1950. Volume 1: Alexander von Plato (Hrsg.): Studies and reports. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-05-002531-X , pp. 426–444. (not viewed).
  • Ingrid Friedlein (Red.): The victims of five oaks. 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Reports of experiences of those affected and relatives. Vol. 2: List of names of the deceased. ). Published by the spokesman's council of the Fünfeichen working group. Stock and Stein, Schwerin 1996, ISBN 3-910179-99-1 .
  • Dieter Krüger: "... But they loved life". Prison camp in Neubrandenburg 1939–1945. Regionalmuseum Neubrandenburg, Güstrow 1990 ( series of publications by the Regionalmuseum Neubrandenburg 21, ZDB -ID 1194958-2 ).
  • Natalja Jeske: Caught in the war. Soviet prisoners of war in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 1941–1945. Regional Museum Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg 2015 ( series of publications by the Regional Museum No. 44 ISBN 978-3-939779-24-7 )

Web links

Commons : Fünfeichen Memorial  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NOT: Jürge n s!
  2. ↑ NOT: Baroness!
  3. ↑ Olga (Dolphins Amalie Luise) Freiin v. Maltzahn (* December 14, 1879 in Gützkow (Mecklenburg); † September 17, 1963 in Oldenburg; gender number: 1150, from the Gützkow house), oldest to. of Friedrich (Ernst August Helmuth) Freiherr v. Maltzahn (1839–1920; # 1143) on Gützkow with Röckwitz, Adamsdorf and Hüttendorf / Meckl. from his 2nd marriage (oo October 5, 1879 in Mannheim) with Luise Ladenburg (1843–1925); mated November 5, 1912 in Röckwitz with Bruno Jürges (sic!), Farmer (divorced in 1931). The source knows nothing about their estate on five oaks. --- Cf. Maltza (h) nscher Familienverband [Hrsg.]: The Maltza (h) n 1194–1945. The life path of an East German noble family. Cologne, 1979. pp. 388f.
  4. ^ Sabine Bock : Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Architecture and history. Volume 1. (= contributions to the history of architecture and monument preservation, 7.1–3). Thomas Helms Verlag Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , p. 243.
  5. ↑ Natalja Jeske: Caught in the war. 2015, p. 7.
  6. ↑ Natalja Jeske: Caught in the war. 2015, p. 9.
  7. ↑ Natalja Jeske: Caught in the war. 2015, p. 16.
  8. ↑ Federal Archives Berlin.
  9. ↑ Natalja Jeske: Caught in the war. 2015, p. 18.
  10. ↑ Neubrandenburg memorial Fünfeichen ( Memento of 22 February 2012 at the Internet Archive ) . (PDF; 5 KB)
  11. ↑ Flyer of the Fünfeichen Memorial ( Memento of the original from April 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.1 MB), accessed on January 28, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.neubrandenburg.de

Coordinates: 53 ° 31 '30.8 "  N , 13 ° 17' 32.8"  E