Chełm

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chełm
Coat of arms of Chełm
Chełm (Poland)
Chełm
Chełm
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lublin
Powiat : District-free city
Area : 35.29  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 8 ′  N , 23 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  N , 23 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 80 m npm
Residents : 65,207 (06/30/2014)
Postal code : 22-100 to 22-118
Telephone code : (+48) 82
License plate : LC
Economy and Transport
Street : E 373 Warsaw - Kiev
Rail route : Warsaw – Kiev
Next international airport : Lublin-Świdnik Airport
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 35.29 km²
Residents: 62,331
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1766 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0662011
Administration (as of 2018)
City President : Jakub Banaszek
Address:
ul.Lubelska 65 22-100 Chełm
Website : www.chelm.pl



Chełm [ ˈxɛwm ] (Ukrainian Холм / Cholm ) is a city in Poland in the Lublin Voivodeship, east of Lublin, not far from the border with Ukraine . The city forms an urban district in which around 65,000 people live (as of June 30, 2014). The name Chełm comes from the Old Slavic cholm , which means "hill".

history

The first written evidence of the existence of a settlement comes from the year 981, when the city was mentioned in Old Russian chronicles as part of the principality of Halitsch . Between 1018 and 1031 the city was temporarily under Polish rule. In 1220 the place became part of an Orthodox diocese . In 1237 Daniel von Halitsch had a fortress built here. In 1240 the headquarters of the Halich Principality was moved to Chełm, as the city was on important trade routes. In 1366 the city became part of Poland and received a Catholic diocese. On January 14, 1392, the place received city ​​rights from the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło according to Magdeburg law . In 1795 the city fell to Austria . In 1809 she came to the Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 to the newly created autonomous Kingdom of Poland .

In 1867 Chełm became a district town and remained so until 1912, when it became the capital of a governorate ( Cholm governorate ) for the remaining years of Russian rule . In 1877 the city received a connection to the railway network , which was important for the development of the city. In the peace of bread of 1918 the reigning kingdom of Poland was to cede Cholm to the Ukrainian People's Republic , but this did not happen. In 1936 a sewer system was laid for the whole city.

From 1939, during the German occupation of Poland, Chełm belonged to the Generalgouvernement . Almost all Jews living there were gassed in the nearby Sobibor extermination camp . On January 1, 1940, the National Socialists established a ghetto nearby, from which the inmates were deported to Sobibor for extermination from May 21, 1942 . The ghetto was closed on November 6, 1942. There was also a forced labor camp for male Jews from September 6, 1941 to March 31, 1942.

In July 1944, the Red Army reached the city and liberated it.

In 1975 the city became the capital of its own voivodeship as part of an administrative reform, but lost this status again in a further reform in 1999 and was now again independent and district town of the powiat of the same name .

Rural community

The independent city is surrounded by an independent rural community. The rural community of Chełm has an area of ​​221.82 km². The eponymous town of Chełm does not belong to the Gmina. The village of Pokrówka (approx. 1,600 inhabitants) is also the seat of this Gmina.

Attractions

View of the city and the Church of the Sending out of the Apostles
Basilica of the Nativity of Mary
  • Castle hill with the remains of a castle from the 13th century
  • The late Baroque Catholic Basilica Nativity (Bazylika mniejsza pw. Narodzenia Najświętszej Marii Panny) was from 1735 to 1756 as uniertes church, designed by Paolo Fontana built
  • The construction of the late baroque Church of the Dispatch of the Apostles (Kościół pw. Rozesłania św. Apostołów) was also designed by Paolo Fontana and carried out from 1736 to 1763
  • The baroque palace of the United Bishops
  • Former Basilian monastery
  • The baroque Ustyluher Gate (Brama Uściługska)
  • Jewish Cemetery
  • Small synagogue
  • Relics of the chalk mining in Chełm are chalk tunnels (Podziemia Kredowe)

Twin cities

Between 1996 and 2014 Chełm entered into six partnerships with cities and municipalities:

city country since
- Knoxville Tennessee, United States 1998
Coat of Arms of Kovel, svg Kovel Volyn Oblast, Ukraine 1996
Herb Lutsk.svg Lutsk Volyn Oblast, Ukraine 2014
Blason ville for Morlaix (Finistère) .svg Morlaix Brittany, France 1997
Sindelfingen Wappen.svg Sindelfingen Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany 2001
Coat of arms of Utena (Lithuania) .svg Utena Utena district, Lithuania 1998

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

The Chelmer fools

In Jewish humor, the city and its inhabitants, about which many stories are told, are a symbol of stupidity, comparable to the shield citizens (in JB Singer and others). This tradition is based on the German cartoon Die Schelme von Schelm from 1995.

Web links

Commons : Chełm  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2014. ( Memento from November 23, 2014 on WebCite ) Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF), accessed June 12, 2015.
  2. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Reinhard Tenhumberg - Ghetto Chelm (Cholm)
  4. ↑ Reinhard Tenhumberg - Chelm camp (Cholm)
  5. ↑ Miasta Partnerskie. Retrieved November 12, 2017 .
  6. ↑ See further z. B. the article Chelmer Narronim (Hebrew plural = "The Chelmer fools"). In: Jewish Lexicon. Berlin 1927, Vol. I. - Or the book Heinrich Loewes : Rogues and fools with Jewish caps. Berlin 1920.
  7. ↑ See also: Salcia Landmann : Jüdische Witze. Selected and introduced by Salcia Landmann. Extended paperback edition, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1963, ISBN 3-423-21017-6 .
  8. ↑ Chełm in the Internet Movie Database (English)