Kulm (geography)

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Kulm generally stands for the summit of a mountain , especially a cone mountain or a knoll .

The term Kulm and its derivatives are found in various areas of Central Europe. These are loan words that have different origins depending on the region.

  • From the Latin culmen ( "Summit", "mountain top", "high point"; to Columen ., "Something high," cf. culmination ) have become the in Switzerland occurring designations Kulm , Chulme (s) , Gulm (s) ( " uppermost hilltop ").
  • An ancient Slavic - reconstructed and therefore in etymological usage marked with "*" - designation * chъlmъ (also written as * xulmu , in turn an early borrowing from Germanic, see ancient Germanic * hulmaz "Hügel, Hill", from which Low German Holm ; ultimately a derivation from the Urindo-European verb root * kelH- "to rise up, to stand up ") for a hill , mountain , rock developed quite differently in the individual languages. It can be found in Sorbian cholm (especially in geographical terms), in Czech chlum (today meaning "(wooded) hill") and in Polish chelm . Borrowed as Kulm , Kolm , Kelm and especially Golm .
  • In Albanian, Kulm means "roof", Kulmi i shtëpisë is the roof of the house.

In northern Bavaria , the root is included in many settlement names and field names, especially in mountain names. There is an accumulation of field names Kulm in the Upper Franconian area between the cities of Forchheim, Bayreuth, Kulmbach and Lichtenfels.

In particular in the Eastern Alps from the Salzburg - East Tyrol line , which was dominated by Roman, Slavic and Germanic border areas from antiquity to the end of the migration , the two roots should be supported. The expression Kulm as a mountain name is very common up to the Pannonian region.

In addition, it is possible to reinterpret old roots in the name of the Irish missionary Koloman in the entire area of ​​Austria, Bavaria and Swabia , especially in churches on hills, for example at Kolomannsberg in the Salzkammergut.

List of place names

Origin from both language families, place names are roughly sorted west-east:

Switzerland

Germany

  • Kulm , part of the city of Saalburg-Ebersdorf, Saale-Orla district, Thuringia
  • Kulm , part of the municipality of Bösenbrunn , Vogtlandkreis, Saxony
  • Kulm , hamlet near Weißig , district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains, Saxony
  • Untere and Obere Kulm , hamlet of the Mistelgau community , Bayreuth district, Bavaria
  • Kulmain , town near Kemnath, Tirschenreuth district, Bavaria
  • Kulmbach , town in the district of Kulmbach, Bavaria - probably derived from Culmin-aha or Culmna with the meaning "stream that comes down from the mountain"
  • Kulmleite , mountain slope between Glashütten and Mistelgau , Bayreuth district, Bavaria

Austria

Czech Republic

  • Dolní Chlum u Děčína (Stabilized), district of Děčín , Okres Děčín
  • Přední Chlum (Vorderchlum), district of Milešov , Okres Příbram
  • Zadní Chlum (Hinterchlum), part of Klučenice , Okres Příbram
  • Chlum, desert in the area of ​​the town of Ralsko , Okres Česká Lípa

Poland

Ukraine

Greece

  • Chelmos , a mountain in the Peloponnese

United States

List of mountains and elevations

sorted by height:

Switzerland

  • Kulmhotel (3089 m), hotel at the terminus of the Gornergratbahn near Zermatt, Canton of Valais
  • Niesen Kulm (2336 m), mountain station of the Niesenbahn near Spiez, Canton of Bern
  • Pilatus Kulm (2073 m), mountain station of the Pilatusbahn near Lucerne, canton border Lucerne / Nidwalden / Obwalden
  • Niederbauen Kulm (1923 m), mountain summit on Lake Lucerne, canton border Nidwalden / Uri
  • Stanserhorn Kulm (1897 m), former hotel on the summit of the Stanserhorn near Stans, Canton of Nidwalden
  • Rigi Kulm (1797.5 m), main summit of the Rigi near Arth, Schwyz district, Canton Schwyz
  • Harder Kulm (1322 m), mountain station of the Harderbahn near Interlaken, Canton Bern
  • Uto Kulm (870 m), summit of the Uetliberg near Zurich, Canton Zurich

Liechtenstein

  • Kulm (Triesenberg) (1473 m), pass and mountain ridge into the Samina valley, municipality of Triesenberg

Germany

Austria

Czech Republic

Web links

f1Georeferencing Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ where from also urgerm. * hulliz "hill" - from it English. hill -, Gothic hallus "rock", Lithuanian kalnas "mountain", Latin ex-cellere "protrude", collis "hill" and columen next to culmen "peak"; on this verb root see Helmut Rix et al. (2001), LIV (2nd edition), Wiesbaden: Reichert, p. 349
  2. ^ Ernst Eichler , Albrecht Greule , Wolfgang Janka: Contributions to Slavic-German language contact research. Volume 2: Settlement names in the Upper Franconian city and district of Bayreuth. Universitätsverlag Winter, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8253-5091-8
  3. ↑ Ernst Schwarz: Language and Settlement in Northeast Bavaria. Hans Carl, Nuremberg 1960
  4. ^ Hermann Dannheimer and Heinz Dopsch (eds.): The Bajuwaren. From Severin to Tassilo 488 - 788. Exhibition catalog Joint state exhibition of the Free State of Bavaria and the State of Salzburg Rosenheim / Bavaria Mattsee / Salzburg 19 May to 6 November 1988 , Prehistoric State Collection Munich and Office of the Salzburg State Government 1988
  5. ^ Manfred Scheuch : Austria - Province, Empire, Republic. A historical atlas . Verlag Christian Brandstätter, Vienna 1994. Licensed edition: Verlag Das Beste, ISBN 3-87070-588-4
  6. ↑ Manfred Trummer: Slavic Styria. Lecture at the symposium Being a stranger - staying together. The Slovene ethnic group in Austria , as part of the Slovene Days at the Karl-Franzens University in Graz, 25. – 28. March 1996