Unterulm
| Unterulm | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| State : |
 Switzerland
|
| Canton : |
 Aargau (AG)
|
| District : | Kulm |
| BFS no. : | 4146 |
| Postal code : | 5726 |
| Coordinates : | 651 125 / 240194 |
| Height : | 465 m above sea level M. |
| Height range : | 432–654 m above sea level M. |
| Area : | 8.88 km² |
| Residents: | 3132 (December 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 353 inhabitants per km² |
|
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
30.7% (December 31, 2019) |
| Website: | www.unterkulm.ch |
| Location of the municipality | |
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Unterkulm ( Swiss German : (ˈʊndər) ˌχʊlm ) is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau and the capital of the Kulm district . It is located in the middle Wynental .
geography
The village is a scattered settlement that covers the flat valley floor and whose buildings have grown together loosely with those of Oberkulm . Two short side valleys branch off at the village center. In the east, the Pfaffental extends up to the hamlet of Steineberg ( 566 m above sea level ) and to the foothills of the Hohe Fels, the natural border with the Seetal . In the west, the Böhlertal extends to the 617 meter high Böhlerpass , over which you can reach the Suhrental . The pass lies between the Tornig ( 650 m above sea level ) and the Hochwacht ( 653 m above sea level ). To the north of the Hochwacht is an elongated plateau with the hamlet of Wannenhof ( 613 m above sea level ). The Wyna flows for the most part on the west side of the main valley and crosses a narrow point almost two hundred meters wide north of the village center. The municipality extends in the north-east to the outskirts of Teufenthal . There, the Zinsental, which is around one kilometer long, branches off to the west, in which the hamlet of the same name is located.
The area of the municipality is 888 hectares , of which 350 hectares are forested and 130 hectares are built over. The highest point is at 653 meters on the summit of the Hochwacht, the lowest at 435 meters on the Wyna. Neighboring communities are Gränichen in the north, Teufenthal in the northeast, Dürrenäsch in the east, Oberkulm in the south, Schlossrued in the southwest, Schöftland and Hirschthal in the west and Muhen in the northwest.
history
The area was already settled during the Neolithic period between 5000 and 3800 years ago. In 1756, a landowner came across the remains of the wall of an extensive Roman manor that was inhabited from the 1st to the 4th century. The building was a portico villa with an attached bathroom. Most of the finds made at the time have now disappeared. Albrecht von Haller also took part in the excavations . A late Roman coin treasure with almost 600 coins from the time of the emperors Constantine I and Constantine II (approx. 325 to 340 AD) was found west of the church in 1971 .
The place name developed from the Latin villa columbaria ("courtyard with dovecote"). The first documentary mention of Chulenbare took place in 1045 in a letter of protection, the Emperor Heinrich III. the Beromünster Abbey . 1306 Nideren Kulme was first explicitly differentiated in the Habsburg land register . In the Middle Ages the village was under the rule of the Counts of Lenzburg , from 1173 on that of the Counts of Kyburg . After these died out, the Habsburgs took over sovereignty and blood jurisdiction in 1273 . The numerous landowners included the Beromünster Abbey, the Schänis and Engelberg monasteries and local nobles.
In 1415 the confederates conquered Aargau. Unterkulm now belonged to the subject area of the city of Bern , the so-called Berner Aargau, and formed part of the Kulm judicial district in the Lenzburg district . The Bernese introduced the Reformation in 1528, and a school is mentioned for the first time in 1565. The three Steckhöfe Wannental, Zinsental and Kabishof lost their autonomy in 1751 and were united with Unterkulm. Cotton processing was established around the middle of the 18th century .
In March 1798 the French took Switzerland, ousted the «Gracious Lords» of Bern and proclaimed the Helvetic Republic . Since then, Unterkulm has belonged to the canton of Aargau. In 1803 the canton government designated the village as the capital of the Kulm district. At the beginning, however, there was no central location for the district authorities: the courtroom and the meeting room were housed in an inn, the archive was in Rued Castle , the district prison in the basement of the old schoolhouse, the law firm in a country house. The district building could only be opened in 1834, which brought the individual administrative offices together under one roof. Unterkulm has had market rights since 1818 , and four goods markets are still held annually today.
In the second half of the 19th century the population decreased by about one sixth. The decline was much less pronounced than in numerous neighboring communities, as industry created new job opportunities. A silk ribbon weaving mill was founded in 1854, followed twenty years later by a factory for music boxes , which later became the largest fittings factory in Switzerland. The Wynentalbahn began operating on March 5, 1904. Unterkulm developed into an industrial center, while agriculture was pushed back further and further. After a phase of stagnation from 1970 to the mid-1990s, the population has increased again.
Attractions
The church of Unterkulm was built in the 12th century at the latest and was first mentioned in 1275. The lower two floors of the church tower, built in Romanesque style, have been preserved from this period . The square choir was built around 1400, the nave around 1500. The clockwork in the church tower dates from 1530 and comes from the Winterthur clockmaker Laurentius Liechti . On the western outer wall of the tower is a tombstone for Hugo von Hallwyl († 1587), lord of the Trostburg .
coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms reads: "Divided twice by black, white and blue." The coat of arms was introduced in this form after the canton was founded; its colors correspond to those of the canton's coat of arms. Oberkulm used the same coat of arms until 1953 .
population
The population developed as follows:
| year | 1764 | 1803 | 1850 | 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 |
| Residents | 811 | 1142 | 1730 | 1448 | 1580 | 1814 | 2149 | 2596 | 2558 | 2565 | 2690 | 2905 |
On December 31, 2019, 3,132 people lived in Unterkulm, the proportion of foreigners was 30.7%. In the 2015 census, 36.1% described themselves as Reformed and 16.3% as Roman Catholic ; 47.6% were non-denominational or of another faith. 84.2% said German as their main language in the 2000 census , 5.5% Serbo-Croatian , 5.0% Turkish , 1.8% Italian and 1.6% Albanian .
Politics and law
The assembly of those entitled to vote, the municipal assembly , exercises legislative power. The executing authority is the five-member municipal council . He is elected by the people in the majority procedure, his term of office is four years. The parish council leads and represents the parish. To this end, it implements the resolutions of the municipal assembly and the tasks assigned to it by the canton. The Kulm District Court is the first instance responsible for legal disputes . Unterkulm is the seat of the Friedensrichterkreis IX, which covers the entire district.
economy
According to the company structure statistics (STATENT) collected in 2015, there are around 1150 jobs in Unterkulm, 6% of them in agriculture, 40% in industry and 54% in the service sector. By far the most important company is KWC AG , the largest valve factory in Switzerland. The manufacture of school furniture and the transport industry are also important. Many people in employment are commuters and work in the Reinach region or in Aarau and the surrounding area.
traffic
The main road 23 leads through the village from Aarau via Beromünster to Sursee , the canton road 285 over the Böhlerpass to Schöftland . The connection to the public transport network is made by the Wynentalbahn , which runs directly next to the main road, with the stations Unterkulm and Unterkulm Nord. On weekends, a night bus runs from Aarau train station through the Wynental to Menziken .
education
The community has two kindergartens and three schoolhouses, in which all levels of compulsory elementary school are taught ( primary school , secondary school , secondary school and district school ). The closest grammar schools are the Alte Kantonsschule and the Neue Kantonsschule , both in Aarau .
Personalities
- Ludwig Berner (1794–1857), councilor and judge
- Klaus Merz (* 1945), writer
literature
- Hans Walti: Unterkulm. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Michael Stettler : The art monuments of the canton of Aargau . Ed .: Society for Swiss Art History . Volume I: The districts of Aarau, Kulm, Zofingen. Wiese Verlag, Basel 1948, DNB 366495623 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Cantonal population statistics 2019. Department of Finance and Resources, Statistics Aargau, March 30, 2020, accessed on April 2, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Beat Zehnder: The community names of the canton of Aargau . In: Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau (Ed.): Argovia . tape 100 . Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau 1991, ISBN 3-7941-3122-3 , p. 439-441 .
- ^ National map of Switzerland, sheet 1109, Swisstopo.
- ↑ Standard area statistics - municipalities according to 4 main areas. Federal Statistical Office , November 26, 2018, accessed on May 26, 2019 .
- ^ Martin Hartmann, Hans Weber: The Romans in Aargau . Verlag Sauerländer, Aarau 1985, ISBN 3-7941-2539-8 , p. 190, 202 .
- ^ Michael Stettler: The art monuments of the canton of Aargau . Ed .: Society for Swiss Art History. Volume I: The districts of Aarau, Kulm, Zofingen. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 1948.
- ^ Joseph Galliker, Marcel Giger: Municipal coat of arms of the Canton of Aargau . Lehrmittelverlag des Kantons Aargau, book 2004, ISBN 3-906738-07-8 , p. 301 .
- ↑ Population development in the municipalities of the Canton of Aargau since 1850. (Excel) In: Eidg. Volkszählung 2000. Statistics Aargau, 2001, archived from the original on October 8, 2018 ; accessed on May 25, 2019 .
- ↑ Resident population by religious affiliation, 2015. (Excel) In: Population and Households, Community Tables 2015. Statistics Aargau, accessed on May 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Swiss Federal Census 2000: Economic resident population by main language as well as by districts and municipalities. (Excel) Statistics Aargau, archived from the original on August 10, 2018 ; accessed on May 26, 2019 .
- ↑ circles of justice of the peace. Canton of Aargau, accessed on June 21, 2019 .
- ↑ Statistics of the corporate structure (STATENT). (Excel, 157 kB) Statistics Aargau, 2016, accessed on May 25, 2019 .