Sophienberg (Hague)
| Sophienberg | ||
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 Sophienberg seen from Bayreuth |
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| height | 594 m above sea level NN | |
| location | south of Bayreuth in the area of the municipality of Haag | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 53 '13 " N , 11 ° 33' 30" E | |
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 Sophienberg from the northwest |
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The Sophienberg is located in the Upper Franconian municipality of Haag in the Bayreuth district . At 594 meters, it is the highest of the elevations framing the Bayreuth basin and is considered Bayreuth's "local mountain".
Surname
At first the mountain was named Culm or Culmberg. The word culm probably comes from the Slavic (chlom = hill, hilltop), but could also be traced back to the old Saxon "holm" (mountain, hill).
In the second half of the 17th century it was also called Sophienberg after Erdmuthe Sophie von Sachsen , the first wife of Margrave Christian Ernst .
location
The Sophienberg has been located south of the city of Bayreuth since 1978 in the area of the municipality of Haag. The six properties on the hillside still bear the name Culmberg, plus the villages of Obernschreez, Unternschreez, Gosen and Rödensdorf, which belongs to Bayreuth. Gesees and Haag are at the foot of the Sophienberg.
description
The Sophienberg is a table mountain , it is considered one of the witness mountains for the Jurassic period in the Bayreuth area. The mountain structure is geologically composed of several layers. The basic level is Rhätsandstein , with Amaltheen marl or clay and Posidonia slate on top . The steep ascent consists of Opalinus Clay , the summit consists of the formation of iron sandstone .
Several flowing waters arise from the mountain slopes : on the western slope the Talbach with its tributaries, in the north the Aubach , to the east with the Teufelsgraben and the Schelmgraben the source streams of the Tappert and to the south the Gosenbach with its tributaries.
Today's Federal Motorway 9 has been running over the eastern and southern slopes of the Sophienberg since 1937 . The Sophienberg autobahn car park , located below the northern rise, was initially built as a motorway service station in the post-war period .
history
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A fortified hilltop settlement of the Celts can be found around 550 BC. Prove. In the 12th century, Count Ulrich and Poppo von Blassenberg built Culmberg Castle. 1440 six fiefdoms of the "Kulme" are mentioned in the land register. In 1494 Frederick II , Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach , had a watch tower built. It appears in the maintenance order of 1498 as part of a system of watchtowers and signal towers. The margrave exchanged the manor Kulmberg for a fief in 1512 . The new owner Nikol von Heerdegen built a knight's castle on the mountain in 1513, the “permanent house” of which was destroyed by the federal troops in 1553 in the Markgräflerkrieg .
In 1614 Heerdegen sold the manor to the first wife of Margrave Christian , Marie of Prussia , who had the castle restored. At the time, the goods on the mountain were administered by the office of Unternschreez.
In 1662, Margrave Christian Ernst gave the goods on the mountain to his young wife Erdmuthe Sophie. Between 1663 and 1668 she had a new castle, the Sophienburg , built from the already dilapidated castle . According to tradition, this building was supposed to be haunted by the White Woman . As early as 1687 it was no longer inhabited, and from 1724 it was no longer administered. It was left to decay, only the remains of the foundation remain today.
King Friedrich Wilhelm III. visited the mountain, which had belonged to Prussia since 1791 , with his wife Luise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1805. In her honor, the mountain should be renamed Luisenberg , which, in contrast to Luisenburg in the nearby Fichtel Mountains, did not prevail.
In 1814, on the occasion of the victory over Napoleon in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, a large "freedom celebration" was held on the Bavarian mountain since 1810 , in which the writer Jean Paul took part. There was another victory celebration on the Sophienberg after the Franco-German War of 1870/71. In 1880, the 800th anniversary of the now ruling House of Wittelsbach was celebrated there.
Since the municipality of Obernschreez did not have to complain about any war deaths during the First World War , it planted a "thank you oak" on the mountain. The community of Schreez (created in 1939 from Obern- and Unterstschreez) erected a memorial on the mountain in 1952 for the fallen and missing of the Second World War .
Legends and sagas
According to legend, the mountain was considered a sacred grove in Germanic times , which was dedicated to Hertha, the goddess of the earth. In the oak forest on the Culm were white horses kept from their neigh the priestesses indicated the fate of their followers. A mountain spirit who was Herta's first servant or her ally had made a covenant with her in order to preserve the holiness of the mountain for future times. A human work should never be permanent at this height; people are only allowed to settle on the slope.
Margravine Erdmuthe felt related to Hertha because of her name. In order to be able to avoid the lively court life, in which she found no pleasure, she had the Sophienburg built in the solitude of nature. But soon the mountain spirit began to show itself in capuchin costumes at night and spread terror. The ghost is said to have been a servant who, under the protection of this disguise, visited his beloved. In 1687, however, the white woman who haunted the castles of the Hohenzollern family was said to have been seen in the mountain castle for the first time . The servants urged the margravine to leave the place. In the same year, the holding of court on the mountain was given up again.
literature
- August Gebeßler : City and District of Bayreuth . The Art Monuments of Bavaria , Brief Inventories , VI. Band . German art publisher . Munich 1959. p. 137.
Individual evidence
- ^ BayernAtlas
- ↑ a b Information board on the Sophienberg
- ↑ a b Karl Müssel: Bayreuth in eight centuries . 1st edition. Gondrom, Bindlach 1993, ISBN 3-8112-0809-8 , p. 91 .
- ^ Herbert Popp: Bayreuth - rediscovered . Ellwanger, Bayreuth 2007, ISBN 978-3-925361-60-9 , pp. 72 .
