Dam construction
This is a list of terms used in dam construction , a sub-area of hydraulic engineering . It primarily contains the designations of designs and components of dams, but also what is necessary for dimensioning and operation. The terms partially coincide with the content of DIN 4048-1 (hydraulic engineering - terms - dams), although the explanations of the terms were not taken from DIN 19700, as these are protected by copyright.
- Lowering target : lowest water level of a dam which, according to its intended purpose, is permissible for normal operating conditions, usually determined by the construction of the operating outlet
- Barrier structure : structure that dams a flowing body of water into a reservoir
- Berme : horizontal ledge in a dam
- Service outlet : extraction opening through which water is extracted during normal operation, e.g. B. for drinking water supply or turbine operation
- Operating room: volume difference between the congestion destination and the lowering destination
- Structural waterproofing : component or zone with low permeability, e.g. B. clay layer, concrete or plastic film
- Design flood: flood event that is used for the structural dimensioning (dimensioning) of a (water) structure
- Arch dam : Construction of a dam that diverts the water pressure laterally into the rock through its arch shape
- Arch weight dam : as a combination of an arch dam with a weight dam
- Embankment : steep or gently sloping sides of an embankment dam
- Dam beams: beams in guide rails for variable or provisional damming
- Sealing curtain : Sealing of the subsurface against seeping through water, mostly made of pressed-in cement
- Drainage pipe : water pipe that collects and discharges the drainage water
- Inlet structure : structure for the transfer of large amounts of water from surface waters into canals, tunnels or pipes
- Cofferdam : see cofferdam
- Filter layer : Soil layers with different, coordinated grain distributions for filtering the seepage water
- Fish belly flap : foldable flap with the cross section of a fish belly
- Flume : mostly artificial (channel-like, channel-shaped) section with a gradient where water can flow
- Gravity dam: construction of a dam that withstands the water pressure through its weight
- Bottom drain : lowest removal opening with which the storage space can be emptied down to the dead space
- Foundation base : area of the ground on which the foundations of the barrier structure will be placed; Unlike other buildings this must be provided at dams on Dense possible ground so that no underflow occurs
- Maintenance (hydraulic engineering) : Section of a canal between two locks in which the water level is the same; see also → stowage
- Hearth wall : component of a dam at the connection point to the subsurface, with or without a control passage
- Highest retention target : water level at the design flood
- Flood relief system : overflow (bypass, emergency outlet) of a dam that comes into operation during floods
- Flood retention basin : a dam, the main purpose of which is to regulate the flow rate of a river during flooding
- Flood retention area : Part of the storage space that is intended for flood protection and is kept free for this
- Highest storage target : used synonymously for flood storage target 1 or 2
- Homogeneous dam : dam made entirely of one and the same material; Contrast: Zonendamm
- Inner seal : seal located inside a dam that prevents water from seeping through; can e.g. B. be made of clay or asphalt
- Core seal : see inner seal
- Cofferdam : temporary dam to divert or divert water, e.g. B. during construction work
- Inspection corridor: corridor in a barrier structure (e.g. with measuring devices) that is used to inspect the structure
- Air side : side of a barrier structure on which the reservoir is not
- Ecological passage : a continuous passage through a flood retention basin for fish and small organisms
- Piping : The formation of pipes in a dam that can lead to the dam breaking
- Pulvino : Foundation of an arch dam
- Reserve space: Volume difference between the lowering target and the lowest lowering target, water reserve for exceptional dry periods
- Drainage line : the boundary between the drained and dry part of a dam
- Damming system : device for damming a flowing body of water, e.g. B. dams, weirs, flood retention basins, barrages, pumped storage basins, sedimentation basins, debris barriers
- Dam : barrier structure of a dam or a dam with an embankment of stone gravel, gravel, sand, earth or the like.
- Stowage : various terms from hydraulic engineering
- Dam wall : barrier structure of a dam system made of masonry or concrete; z. B. gravity dam or pier dam
- Reservoir : Volume or (potential) body of water between the valley basin and the height of the flood relief system
- Barrage : A system for damming a river to regulate the water level upstream and downstream
- Damming target : water level of a dam, which, according to its intended purpose, is generally permissible for normal operating conditions
- Support body : main component of a dam; serves to introduce the forces acting on it (especially water pressure) into the subsoil
- Dam : a dam that uses a dam or a dam to dam a watercourse in a valley to a reservoir; in contrast to a weir, blocks the entire cross-section of the valley
- Pond : artificial still water for water storage with inlet and outlet
- Lowest lowering target : water level of a dam when it is emptied down to the dead space
- Still basin : collecting basin to calm the draining water of a dam, in which the flow energy of the roaring water is converted
- Dead space: remaining volume at bottom outlet
- Overflow : discharge process via a weir overflow (bypass) or via the flood relief
- Transition zone : filter layer; Zone of medium permeability between a zone with high and a zone with low permeability in a dam
- Full damming : water level at the level of the upper edge of the flood relief system (overflow)
- Pre-discharge : early drainage of water to create space for a flood, e.g. B. due to severe weather forecasts
- Vorsperre , especially around the water pre-clean a dam upstream dam that blocks an inflow:
- Water side : side of a barrier structure on which the reservoir is
- Hydraulic structure: structure on bodies of water that is at least temporarily in contact with the water
- Weir : weir to dam a watercourse across its width; In contrast to a dam, it does not block the entire cross-section of the valley
- Zone dam: dam with different material areas with different properties; Contrast: homogeneous dam
Web links
- Glossary with English-language terms on dam construction , on dur.ac.uk
- Dams in hydraulic engineering , on bauingenieurseite.de