Dam construction

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This is a list of terms used in dam construction , a sub-area of hydraulic engineering . It primarily contains the designations of designs and components of dams, but also what is necessary for dimensioning and operation. The terms partially coincide with the content of DIN 4048-1 (hydraulic engineering - terms - dams), although the explanations of the terms were not taken from DIN 19700, as these are protected by copyright.

  • Lowering target : lowest water level of a dam which, according to its intended purpose, is permissible for normal operating conditions, usually determined by the construction of the operating outlet
  • Barrier structure : structure that dams a flowing body of water into a reservoir
  • Berme : horizontal ledge in a dam
  • Service outlet : extraction opening through which water is extracted during normal operation, e.g. B. for drinking water supply or turbine operation
  • Operating room: volume difference between the congestion destination and the lowering destination
  • Structural waterproofing : component or zone with low permeability, e.g. B. clay layer, concrete or plastic film
  • Design flood: flood event that is used for the structural dimensioning (dimensioning) of a (water) structure
  • Arch dam : Construction of a dam that diverts the water pressure laterally into the rock through its arch shape
  • Arch weight dam : as a combination of an arch dam with a weight dam
  • Embankment : steep or gently sloping sides of an embankment dam
  • Dam beams: beams in guide rails for variable or provisional damming
  • Sealing curtain : Sealing of the subsurface against seeping through water, mostly made of pressed-in cement
  • Drainage pipe : water pipe that collects and discharges the drainage water
  • Inlet structure : structure for the transfer of large amounts of water from surface waters into canals, tunnels or pipes
  • Cofferdam : see cofferdam
  • Filter layer : Soil layers with different, coordinated grain distributions for filtering the seepage water
  • Fish belly flap : foldable flap with the cross section of a fish belly
  • Flume : mostly artificial (channel-like, channel-shaped) section with a gradient where water can flow
  • Gravity dam: construction of a dam that withstands the water pressure through its weight
  • Bottom drain : lowest removal opening with which the storage space can be emptied down to the dead space
  • Foundation base : area of ​​the ground on which the foundations of the barrier structure will be placed; Unlike other buildings this must be provided at dams on Dense possible ground so that no underflow occurs
  • Maintenance (hydraulic engineering) : Section of a canal between two locks in which the water level is the same; see also → stowage
  • Hearth wall : component of a dam at the connection point to the subsurface, with or without a control passage
  • Highest retention target : water level at the design flood
  • Flood relief system : overflow (bypass, emergency outlet) of a dam that comes into operation during floods
  • Flood retention basin : a dam, the main purpose of which is to regulate the flow rate of a river during flooding
  • Flood retention area : Part of the storage space that is intended for flood protection and is kept free for this
  • Highest storage target : used synonymously for flood storage target 1 or 2
  • Homogeneous dam : dam made entirely of one and the same material; Contrast: Zonendamm
  • Inner seal : seal located inside a dam that prevents water from seeping through; can e.g. B. be made of clay or asphalt
  • Core seal : see inner seal
  • Cofferdam : temporary dam to divert or divert water, e.g. B. during construction work
  • Inspection corridor: corridor in a barrier structure (e.g. with measuring devices) that is used to inspect the structure
  • Air side : side of a barrier structure on which the reservoir is not
  • Ecological passage : a continuous passage through a flood retention basin for fish and small organisms
  • Piping : The formation of pipes in a dam that can lead to the dam breaking
  • Pulvino : Foundation of an arch dam
  • Reserve space: Volume difference between the lowering target and the lowest lowering target, water reserve for exceptional dry periods
  • Drainage line : the boundary between the drained and dry part of a dam
  • Damming system : device for damming a flowing body of water, e.g. B. dams, weirs, flood retention basins, barrages, pumped storage basins, sedimentation basins, debris barriers
  • Dam : barrier structure of a dam or a dam with an embankment of stone gravel, gravel, sand, earth or the like.
  • Stowage : various terms from hydraulic engineering
  • Dam wall : barrier structure of a dam system made of masonry or concrete; z. B. gravity dam or pier dam
  • Reservoir : Volume or (potential) body of water between the valley basin and the height of the flood relief system
  • Barrage : A system for damming a river to regulate the water level upstream and downstream
  • Damming target : water level of a dam, which, according to its intended purpose, is generally permissible for normal operating conditions
  • Support body : main component of a dam; serves to introduce the forces acting on it (especially water pressure) into the subsoil
  • Dam : a dam that uses a dam or a dam to dam a watercourse in a valley to a reservoir; in contrast to a weir, blocks the entire cross-section of the valley
  • Pond : artificial still water for water storage with inlet and outlet
  • Lowest lowering target : water level of a dam when it is emptied down to the dead space
  • Still basin : collecting basin to calm the draining water of a dam, in which the flow energy of the roaring water is converted
  • Dead space: remaining volume at bottom outlet
  • Overflow : discharge process via a weir overflow (bypass) or via the flood relief
  • Transition zone : filter layer; Zone of medium permeability between a zone with high and a zone with low permeability in a dam
  • Full damming : water level at the level of the upper edge of the flood relief system (overflow)
  • Pre-discharge : early drainage of water to create space for a flood, e.g. B. due to severe weather forecasts
  • Vorsperre , especially around the water pre-clean a dam upstream dam that blocks an inflow:
  • Water side : side of a barrier structure on which the reservoir is
  • Hydraulic structure: structure on bodies of water that is at least temporarily in contact with the water
  • Weir : weir to dam a watercourse across its width; In contrast to a dam, it does not block the entire cross-section of the valley
  • Zone dam: dam with different material areas with different properties; Contrast: homogeneous dam

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