Stavanger Domkirke
The Stavanger Cathedral (Norwegian Stavanger domkirke ) is the oldest episcopal church in Norway . It is located in the city center of Stavanger and is the seat of the Evangelical Lutheran diocese of Stavanger. It is dedicated to St. Svithun .
history
Bishop Reinald, who probably came from Winchester , England , laid the foundation stone for the cathedral in 1100, which was completed around 1150. This makes it the oldest cathedral building in Norway. It has been practically unchanged since the 13th century. It is also thanks to the origin of the bishop that the church was built in the Anglo-Norman style. However, Bishop Reinald was hanged in Bergen in 1135 .
With the establishment of the diocese, which separated from the diocese of Bergen, the city of Stavanger was granted city rights in 1125. It was struck by a fire in 1272, which also damaged the Romanesque cathedral. It was enlarged and partly rebuilt in the Gothic style . Soapstone and green slate were used as building materials.
Until the Reformation, 36 relics belonged to the church treasury. In 1682 the bishopric was moved to Kristiansand and only rebuilt in 1925 by King Haakon VII .
A storm destroyed parts of the roof in the middle of the 19th century, which was then replaced. In the 1860s, the church was restored and remodeled, losing its medieval character. During a renewed restoration between 1939 and 1964, parts of these modifications were reversed. Further restorations took place in 1554–56, 1743, 1866–74 and 1999.
During the Restoration in 1866, a monastic chasuble was found in the attic . It is adorned with a picture that probably shows Saint Svithun .
Architecture and equipment
While the central nave is still Romanesque, the choir, portals and vestibule were built in Gothic style after the first fire. The foundations of a large central tower were found during excavations under the vestibule. Its function is not fully understood. It was probably built earlier than the central nave and could have served as a watchtower. After the first fire, it was torn down and replaced by today's portal porch. In the early 1920s there was discussion of rebuilding the tower, but this project was soon abandoned. In the vestibule there are some tombs and epitaphs, including those for the second bishop Botolf Asbjørnson. There is a carillon above the entrance. It has been hanging there since 1925 and initially consisted of 22 bells. With the addition of 27 bells in 1997, it now consists of 49 bells.
During the last major restoration in 1962, a statue of St. Svithun by Stinius Frederiksen was placed on the east side of the choir. The nave is built like a basilica . The raised central nave is separated from the lower aisles by massive Romanesque columns. The dimensions of the central nave are 25.8 × 18 meters. The columns are connected to each other by six arches on each side.
The pulpit from 1658 was installed in the church by Andrew Smith shortly before the bishopric was moved to Kristiansand. It replaced a pulpit by Nils Olavson. The Gothic baptismal font dates from between 1250 and 1300. Emanuel Vigeland designed the chandeliers. The stained glass is younger and was created by Viktor Sparre during the last restoration in 1957. In the side aisles there are more tombs and epitaphs, some of which are decorated in color.
From 1622 there was an organ on a gallery between the nave and the choir. In the 1860s the gallery was demolished. At the entrance to the sacristy there are two statues of King Magnus Lagabøte and King Erik Magnusson . Both originally had beards, but this was removed during the restoration of the 1860s. In the choir there is also a Danish Bible by Anders Lauritsen Smith, the portrait of the superintendent Jørgen Erikson, a cup and a pane by Laurits Clausen (1608) and the stained glass window on the east wall by Victor Sparre (1957). The choir is bordered on the outside by two towers.
About 1000 skeletons were found in the crypt, which indicates that another church already stood at this point in front of today's cathedral. The crypt has its own external entrance. It also served as a burial place. The smell of corpses became so strong that further burials in the crypt were banned in 1805. During the restoration from 1866 about 100 coffins were removed from the crypt.
organ
The organ was built in 1991 by the organ builders Gebr. Reil , reusing pipe material from the organ from 1941, which was built by the Danish organ builder TH Frobenius (Lyngby) with 60 registers. Today the instrument has 51 stops on three manuals and a pedal.
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- Coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
legend
According to a legend, the bailiff and counselor Christopher Garmann , standing in front of the altar of the cathedral church on February 9, 1779, during his third wedding, the ghost of his deceased wife Cecilia, to whom he is said to have sworn not to marry again. Garmann died nine days later.
Web links
- Stavanger city tourist information center
- Art history Stavanger Cathedral
- artemisia.no
- norway.com ( Memento from May 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ More information about the organ ( Memento of the original dated December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 1.02 MB)
- ^ Véronique Mignot-Bari, Stavanger and its surroundings, Trolls of Norway 2008, ISBN 978-82-92868-08-9 , page 108
- ↑ Utstein Kloster, Das Kloster auf Utstein , brochure, no year, 2017 or earlier, page 8
Coordinates: 58 ° 58 ′ 11.2 " N , 5 ° 43 ′ 59.4" E