Stefan Lovasz

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Stefan Lovász (born November 6, 1901 in Zeltweg ; † June 20, 1938 in the Berlin-Plötzensee prison ) was a German political functionary (KPD) , resistance fighter against National Socialism and a victim of the Nazi justice system.

Live and act

Stefan Lovász was born as the son of the married couple Alois and Agnes Lovász in Styria , where he spent the first years of his life. In 1907 the family emigrated from Austria to Germany for political reasons. After attending school in Aumund, he learned the trade of model maker at the Vulkan shipyard in Bremen . He then went on a journey through southern and western Germany in order to return to work at Vulkan from 1926 onwards.

In 1930 Lovász joined the KPD , where he initially worked primarily in the unemployment movement. He later worked for the communist newspapers Der Arbeitslose and the Bremer Arbeiterzeitung .

After the National Socialists and their German national allies came to power in the spring of 1933, Lovász initially worked illegally for the KPD on the water's edge, but had to flee abroad that same year. Since January 1934 he was wanted in Germany. He spent a few months in the Netherlands before secretly returning to Germany to work in the illegal structures of the KPD.

From September 1934 he was a member of the district leadership of the KPD in Württemberg . In the literature, there are varying terms for his function such as that of the district leader of the KPD for Stuttgart or that of a "Polleiters der Bezirksleitung". As district manager, Lovász was instrumental in building the communist underground network in this region.

In particular, the illegal organizational structure headed by him - especially the intelligence service headed by Josef Steidle (so-called "Military Political Apparat" or M-Apparat) - was involved in collecting information about the military rearmament carried out by the National Socialists, which he sent to foreign cells of the KPD or the Comintern forwarded, so z. B. on the production of combat aircraft in the Dornier works in Friedrichshafen and the construction of an underground ammunition plant for the army in Scheuen near Celle.

On June 15, 1935, Lovász was arrested in Stuttgart as a result of a denunciation after returning from a trip to Zurich and after prolonged pre-trial detention in a trial that began on June 8, 1937 before the 2nd Senate of the People's Court in Stuttgart, together with four other arrested functionaries of the underground network of the KPD in Württemberg ( Liselotte Herrmann , Josef Steidle , Artur Göritz and Alfred Grözinger) charged with treason and preparation for high treason . The trial ended on June 12, 1937 with convictions of all five defendants on both counts and the sentencing of Lovász, Herrmann, Steidle and Göritz to death. Grözinger received a prison sentence of twelve years. With a view to Lovász, it was emphasized in the judgment that he "had a high function [...] extremely intensively and seemed very dangerous in organizational and agitational areas". The executions were carried out on June 21, 1938 by executioner Friedrich Hehr with the guillotine in the Berlin-Plötzensee prison.

Since September 2011, a stumbling stone in front of the house at Beckedorfer Straße 13 in Bremen has been remembering Lovász.

family

Lovász had been married to Alma Würz (1907–1982) from Blumenthal since 1930. The marriage gave birth to the four daughters Edith (* 1925), Rita (* 1927), Ingrid (* 1930) and Irmgard (* 1932).

literature

  • Karl Heinz Jahnke: Youth in the Resistance, 1933-1945 , Röderberg-Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1985, pp. 40f.
  • Hermann Wichers : Possibilities and Limits of Resistance by Social Democrats and Communists in Baden and Württemberg. In: Forms of Resistance in the Southwest 1933–1945, ed. from the State Center for Political Education Baden-Württemberg and the House of History in Stuttgart. Ulm (Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft) 1994, ISBN 3-88294-200-2 , p. 36f. (with photo by Stefan Lovász)
  • Günther Wieland: That was the People's Court: Investigations, facts, documents , Berlin (GDR) 1989, p. 46
  • Lovacz, Stefan in Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6

References and comments

  1. ↑ In contemporary reports and in memorial literature, Lovasz's family name is often mistakenly misspelled (e.g. "Lowatsch").
  2. ↑ Ditte Clemens: Silence about Lilo: The story of Liselotte Herrmann. BS-Verlag-Rostock, ISBN 978-3-89954-013-0 , p. 84.
personal data
SURNAME Lovasz, Stefan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lovász, Stefan; Lovacz, Stefan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German KPD functionary and Nazi victim
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1901
PLACE OF BIRTH Zeltweg
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1938
Place of death Berlin-Plötzensee