Bölhorst coal mine
| Bölhorst coal mine | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| other names | United Laura & Bölhorst colliery | ||
| Mining technology | Underground mining | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Minden-Ravensberg union | ||
| Employees | 150 | ||
| Start of operation | 1638 | ||
| End of operation | 1886 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 16 '8 " N , 8 ° 52' 42" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Boelhorst | ||
| local community | Minden | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Minden-Lübbecke | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Bölhorst coal mine , later also known as the Vereinigte Zeche Laura & Bölhorst , was located in the East Westphalian miners' village of Bölhorst , which has belonged to the city of Minden since 1973 . Hard coal has been mined there since the Thirty Years War .
history
From around 1638 to 1661, the coal on the Bölhorst was almost exclusively mined “wild”, i.e. black, or illegally. The coal was mostly the outgoing of the coal seam (carbon layer), above, to the ground surface on the south side of the small Bölhorst in opencast mining .
In 1662, Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg, issued the first mining regulations. In the following year, 1663, the land pension master von der Hoya was entrusted with the supervision of the Bölhorst coal mine. At the same time, the elector made it a punishable offense to import “foreign” coal, and a high tariff was imposed on the coal that passed through.
It was not until 1743 that the semi-professional coal mining was started by the Minden-Ravensberg union , which had lent itself to all mines in the Principality of Minden and the County of Ravensberg . The union was founded around 1740 by Wilhelm-Heinrich-Christian Fincke and the Freiherr von der Recke, based in Lübbecke. This company had set itself the main task of setting up mines on hard coal and silver. In addition to Minden, coal mines were also operated near Bielefeld and Halle in Westphalia, as well as the Lübbecker silver mines until 1748.
In 1770 the government in Minden issued the order “to promote the domestic coal as much as possible”. The importation of “foreign” hard coal is once again forbidden as a penalty, the required coal can be purchased from Bölhorst at a cheaper price, according to the government.
According to PF von und zu Weddigen, there were 16 shafts and one day tunnel on the Bölhorst in 1784 . Only two of the shafts were still in operation, the others were already charred. The names of the two active shafts were "Hülfe Gottes Sanctus Ursula", in which ten workers were employed, and "Endstation Hope", the first art shaft in which 90 workers were employed. The workers reached the bottom of the deep, dark, damp tunnels by means of so-called journeys (wooden ladders) which were mounted vertically or vertically in the shaft wall. The pit was, by a day cleats, or even water drainage gallery dehydrated , which is about 52 meters above sea level was that still the salty ocher mine water for days leads. The water from the lower-lying tunnel had to be brought up around 112 meters to the day tunnel at Erbe. This happened through a so-called " art ", which raised the pit water from the "art shafts". This art was a kind of primitive, mechanical pump that drove a pump via a wooden paddle wheel with a connecting rod. The coals were brought out of the shafts with a horse peg , here a horse runs on a kind of "carousel", a wooden wheel as a winch, in the respective direction in which the rope is to be moved up or down. The conveyor line, i.e. the tunnels in which the miners worked, were partly built with a wooden door frame, partly a free-standing self-supporting stone vault, about the height of a man and the width that two miners could pass each other.
Until the first shutdown in 1812, the name of the mine was "Steinkohlenbergwerk Bölhorst". From 1852, when it was put back into operation, the name was "Union of the Laura, Aussicht and Bölhorst coal mines". After 1862 the name "United Zeche Laura & Bölhorst" is used.
The main buyers of the hard coal from 1847 to 1886 were the "Saline Neusalzwerk", the Gernheim glassworks and various brick factories in the vicinity of Bölhorst. As an experiment, from 1857 to 1859 the Bölhorster coals were also transported to the ironworks in Barkhausen and used there for the smelting of the iron ore extracted from the Georg Eisensteinzeche in the Wittekindsberg .
facts and figures
Number of workers at the Bölhorst colliery:
- 1748 - 100 workers
- 1753 - 065 workers
- 1754 - 100 workers
- 1784 - 100 workers
- 1848 - 141 workers
- 1853 - 280 workers
- 1855 - 233 workers
- 1862 - 150 workers
literature
- Hans Röhrs : ore and coal. Mining and ironworks between Ems and Weser . Ibbenbürener Vereinsdruckerei (IVD), Ibbenbüren 1992, 263 pages, ISBN 3-921290-62-7 .
- Thomas Krassmann: Materials on the geology and mining of the Schaumburger Land. 2010.