Steyr Mannlicher M1894
| Steyr Mannlicher M1894 | |
|---|---|
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| general information | |
| Developer / Manufacturer: | Ferdinand Mannlicher, FAB.D'ARMES , Neuhausen |
| Manufacturer country: | Switzerland |
| Production time: | since 1894 |
| Weapon Category: | gun |
| Technical specifications | |
| Caliber : | 6.5x23R |
| Possible magazine fillings : | Loading strip with a capacity of 5 cartridges |
| Visor : | Iron visor |
| Charging principle: | Blow forward |
| Lists on the subject | |
The Steyr Mannlicher M1894 was one of the first semi-automatic pistols .
General
The first gun by Ferdinand Mannlicher which of FAB.D'ARMES Neuhausen in Switzerland was made, was self-loading and used specially framed 6.5 mm cartridges . The mechanical design of the weapon was novel by weapon standards at the time, as the blow-forward mechanism was used to fire the weapon. Normally was at automatic firearms with low caliber of the recoil used to make the rear loader to move backwards. Mannlicher, however, used a rigid breech-loader with the barrel "pushing forward".
A special housing for the barrel, on which the visor is also located, extended along the entire length of the barrel (165 mm). In this case was a heavy return spring which was mounted concentrically around the barrel and was compressed between the front part of the case and the rear part of the barrel.
Another special feature of the weapon was a three-armed lever, which can be seen in the illustration on page 188 of Mannlicher Rifles and Pistols, Smith, 1947 . The lower arm was locked into the trigger of the gun. The front arm held the barrel for reloading the weapon. The rear arm served as a hammer safety device .
function
In order to load the weapon, the hammer must be cocked. While the hammer rotates around its pin, it acts on the trigger, and the trigger is locked in the stopcock and holds the hammer. The pin of the hammer also supports the front arm of the three-armed lever and is lifted so high by its spring that it is locked under the barrel. The ascending thumb piece on top of the barrel above the breech is then pushed forward. The barrel moves forward until the muzzle protrudes from the housing, whereupon the return spring is compressed. The lever then clicks into place on the underside of the barrel so that the gun can be loaded (see illustration on page 189 of Mannlicher Rifles and Pistols, Smith, 1947 ).
The loading strip has a capacity of five cartridges. When inserting the ammunition, the loading strip is inserted into the breech block and the cartridges are pressed into the magazine . The cartridges are then removed from the loading strip and pressed into the magazine well within the handle, compressing a spring in the magazine. A device on the top of the magazine prevents the cartridges from falling out.
In the preferred way of holding the pistol, the index finger is positioned around the slide above the trigger guard and the middle finger is pressed against the trigger by the trigger guard.
If one pulls the trigger, the locks Hahn rest from out of position, so that the impact spring the hammer a little pushing forward. The rear arm of the three-armed lever locks into position, which causes the hammer to remain in the firing position. At the same time, the front arm of the lever is also lowered, which frees the barrel. This allows return the barrel, the uppermost cartridge of the magazine thereon into which the compressed return spring cartridge chamber slide and push the head of the cartridge against the closure. The striker can be cocked manually by the shooter, but also only with the trigger, which is made possible by the double-action system in the weapon.
As soon as the gunpowder explodes and expands, the rigid, immovable slide prevents the cartridge from moving backwards and causes the expanding forces to work against the bullet, propelling it towards the muzzle. The forward movement of the projectile within the barrel also creates friction . The barrel is pushed forward by the movement and direction of the expanding gases against the friction of the projectile until the cartridge leaves the muzzle of the weapon. The forward movement of the barrel is stopped as the tension of the return spring increases. The recoil of the pistol after firing is not to be underestimated.
The extractor is attached to the left side of the barrel. When the barrel moves forward, the extractor takes the cartridge case out of the breech and removes it from the weapon.
After pulling the trigger, the three-armed lever moves up and engages the barrel in its forward movement. A spring in the magazine drives the cartridges it contains upwards so that the next cartridge is ready for loading. When the trigger is released it will cause the lower arm of the lever to rotate and the front arm to relax the barrel. The barrel is then pushed back by the return spring and the next cartridge can be loaded.
Historical references
The pistols were tested by the US Army in the Springfield Armory in June 1900 . After extensive testing, the examiners said they would not recommend the use of the weapon as it often did not work during the tests. The cartridges often blocked the gun and even misfired. After 281 shots, the barrel of the pistol also burst.
Here is an excerpt from the test protocol:
“Although this pistol is very simple in construction, it is very cumbersome and slow to load, and it would be almost impossible for a man to load it while riding. The muscle effort is practically the same as with a normal double-action revolver, but the rate of fire is much slower. "
Similar weapons
credentials
- ↑ http://www.municion.org/6Mm/6_5x23Mannlicher.htm
- ↑ a b c Mannlicher Rifles and Pistols: Famous Sporting and Military Weapons by Walter HB Smith, published by The Military Service Publishing Co., 1947
- ↑ Lt. Col. William S. Brophy: Arsenal of Freedom: THE SPRINGFIELD ARMORY 1890-1948 . Andrew Mowbray INC., Publishers, Lincoln, Rhode Island 1991 (English): “While this pistol is very simple in construction the operation of loading is very tedious and slow, and would be almost impossible for a man to load it while on horseback. The muscular exerts practically the same as for an ordinary double-action revolver, while the rate of fire is much slower. "