Viktring Abbey
| Viktring Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Northwest view |
|
| location |
 Austria Carinthia |
| Coordinates: | 46 ° 35 '23 " N , 14 ° 16' 9" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
167 |
| founding year | 1142 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1786 |
| Mother monastery | Villers-Bettnach Abbey |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Kostanjevica Monastery (German: Landstrass Monastery) (1234) |
The Viktring Abbey is a former Cistercian (OCist) monastery in the 13th district of Viktring in the municipality of Klagenfurt am Wörthersee in Carinthia . The collegiate church is a branch church of the parish church Viktring-Stein in the deanery of Klagenfurt-Stadt in the diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt .
history
Viktring Abbey was founded in 1142 by monks of the Cistercian order from the Villers-Bettnach monastery; This was made possible by a generous donation from Count Bernhard von Spanheim and his wife Kunigunde. The name of the foundation is derived either from Victoria (victory) or the place name Vitrin .
On April 20, 1142, an Easter Monday, the monks' colony selected for Viktring left their Weiler-Betnach monastery. The following year, on May 13th, Eberhard was appointed the first abbot of the monastery. After 60 years, Archbishop Eberhard II was able to consecrate the monastery church in 1202. Around 1220 the Viktring monastery bought a house in Marburg an der Drau; the purchases increased so that Viktring monastery became one of the largest urban landowners. In 1488 the monastery owned 28 houses in the city and vineyards in Lower Styria . In the 18th century the monastery was given a generous baroque style. The ceiling fresco in the former library by Johann Gfall (around 1765) shows an allegorical representation of the faith with the saints Benedict and Bernhard. The apostles, evangelists and church fathers are depicted in the lunettes of the lunette vault.
Vault of the former library
Ceiling fresco in the former library
In the course of the Josephine monastery closings, Viktring was abolished on May 19, 1786, and the monks were evacuated on August 1. On November 10, 1788, the brothers Johann and Christoph Moro bought part of the monastery property and established a cloth factory there. From 1897 the entire monastery belonged to the Moro family. In 1925 Adeline von Botka, the last member of the Moro family, sold the “Gebrüder Moro” cloth factory to Baron Josef Aichelburg-Zosenegg. Various short-term industrial uses of the monastery followed until it came into the possession of the Republic of Austria in 1970. A grammar school was set up in the buildings in 1977; a branch of the 2nd Bundesgymnasium Klagenfurt moved into the premises. In 1980 Viktring became independent as a "Realgymnasium with special emphasis on musical education". The official school opening of the BRG Klagenfurt-Viktring took place on September 23, 1999 .
Collegiate church
The Cistercian type church was consecrated in 1202. In the first half of the 14th century, the chancel was expanded to include a Gothic choir, the church was given a massive tower and, connected to the north transept, the Bernhard chapel. In 1843, the western half of the church with five nave bays was demolished and today's classical facade was erected. The collegiate church and the former prelature are now owned by the Viktring Abbey parish. In 1991 frescoes from the 15th century were discovered in the fields of the ribbed vault in the Bernhard Chapel, and by 2001 they were exposed and restored.
View into the Bernhard Chapel
Five-storey baroque high altar
Coronation of Mary (high altar)
List of abbots of the Cistercian monastery Viktring
From 1143 until the settlement was closed in 1786, it names a total of over 50 fathers of the monks. Magda Roscher put it together for the Middle Ages. In the early days of the monastery, they often only held this position for a few years due to their low life expectancy.
- Eberhard 1143 - 1157. He was responsible for the small monastic community, probably consisting of 13 people, for 14 years. Its establishment took place a year after Viktring was taken over. Eberhard appears repeatedly as a witness in documents.
- Gottfried 1157 - 1163. Not verifiable in documents.
- Konrad I. 1163 - 1170. Not verifiable in documents.
- Meinhard 1171 - 1175 (died 1183)
- Ludwig 1175 - 1191
- Berthold 1192-1194
- Baldwin 1194-1200
- Conrad II. 1202-1211
- Henry I 1213-1215
- Nicholas I 1215-1217
- Conrad III. 1217-1224
- Thomas 1224-1226
- Johann I. His name only appears in a document from 1235.
- Arnold 1236 - 1238 (died 1244)
- Herbrand 1239-1246 (resignation). Dies 1252.
- Henry II. 1247-1249
- Friedrich 1251 - 1256
- James I 1257 - 1260
- Aegidius 1260-1270
- Albert I 1270-1280
- Jacob II 1280 - 1281
- Albert II. 1286-1290
- Nicholas II. 1293 - 1303
- Simon 1303-1309
- Johann II. 1312 - 1347. There is evidence that he was a monk in the monastery since 1307. In December 1312 he was already registered as abbot. He was in charge of the monastery for 33 years, 8 months and 26 days. The monastery already owns several houses in Klagenfurt.
- Nicholas III 1347 - 1390. He is verifiably abbot only from 1347 onwards. Since he has headed the monastery for over four decades, he must have become abbot at a relatively very young age.
- Johann III. 1391-1413
- Andreas 1413-1423
- Johann IV. 1423 - 1425. Not verifiable in documents.
- Christian 1425-1428
- Johann V. 1429-1448
- Gerhard II. 1448 - 1467. His figure tombstone in the Bernhard chapel has been preserved.
- Mathäus I 1467 - 1481
- Johann VI. 1482 - 1501. In 1488 he had the entire monastery property transferred to a new one on the basis of an older land register . More than 50 strokes could no longer be determined. Peace still does not return, one visitation follows the other, there is a second abbot, but in the end Abbot Johann is able to assert himself. He probably gave up in favor of Lang.
- Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg 1502 - 1523/24. The rivalries led to the appointment of an alien imperial favorite in Viktring. Lang gets the economy going again.
- Polydor de Bressanis 1525-1534
- Sebastian Schenk 1534-1544
- Bernhard Taindl 1544-1570
- Adam Brugger 1571-1582
- Philipp Dominik 1562-1598
- George I. Gorian 1598 - 1608
- Georg II. Reinprecht 1608 - 1643. For the first time a Viktringer abbot becomes a member of the Carinthian state parliament. In 1608 the entire property in Carniola is sold.
- George III Thing 1643--1645
- Bernhard II. Grieser 1645 - 1649
- Lukas Blatnik 1649-1652
- Christoph Locher 1652 - 1657
- Wilhelm Malle 1657 - 1691
- Benedikt I. Türk 1691 - 1701. His tombstone is in the baptistery, embedded in the floor.
- Johann VII. Moser 1702 - 1717.
- Edmund Kamperger 1717-1720
- Benedict II. Mulz 1720 - 1763. Begins the extensive reconstruction of the monastery objects. So-called imperial rooms are set up for the highest visitors. In Klagenfurt the Viktringer Hof is being built at Karfreitstraße 1. On the occasion of the hereditary homage to Emperor Charles VI. the Viktringer abbot was given the dignity of an hereditary farm chaplain.
- Siegmund Zopoth 1763-1764
The monastery managed around 20 fish ponds. The fishing brought high yields. In a period of three years there were 517 carp, 78 pike and 32 catfish in the monastery ditch, 1030 carp, 212 pike and 46 catfish in the Wintschacher pond and 1569 carp, 170 pike and 80 catfish in the large Steiner pond.
- Bernhard III. Maria Winterl 1764-1780
- Konstantin Rabitsch 1781 - 1786. The last abbot. At that time, the dairy in Viktring comprised 64 yoke of arable land, 123 yoke of meadows and pastures, several forests and the Maierniggalm. The livestock consisted of 7 horses, 59 cattle, 64 pigs, 36 sheep and poultry (including ducks).
Northwest view of the collegiate church
Winter collegiate church with a frozen pond
The cloth and loden manufacturers
In November 1788 the brothers Christoph and Johann Moro bought part of the building complex and several pieces of land for 10,000 guilders at a public auction.
The factory was an important employer for the population. It employed up to 800 people. In the second generation, Franz Ritter von Moro ran the family business and turned it into a leading fine cloth factory in Europe.
In 1880 the factory employed 86 workers. In the mid-1880s she was able to deliver red rag for the London Guard. In 1885 a company health insurance fund was set up with the workers sharing the costs. After 1910, sales began to decline, with the mobilization in 1914, production almost came to a standstill. And in the war years from 1916 onwards, the wool allocation dried up because the factory was not an army supplier. In the post-war years, the factory was sold to Dr. Ludwig Goll and Baron Robert Klinger von Klingerstorff were sold to build a leather factory, but this had to close again in 1923 and the building was converted into small apartments.
In 1946 Viktring was released again by the British occupying forces. At that time, the owners were the Dreihann-Holenia family. Irmingard Aichelburg-Zossenegg took a Baron Dreihann-Holenia as husband in 1932. The business did not recover and had to be sold in 1956. The new owners invested large sums of money, built a new factory and initiated foreign business, but the clock was up for Viktring. In 1967 bankruptcy had to be declared. There was to be a foreclosure auction, but the course of events was different. The state of Carinthia was ready to put out 6.1 million schillings for Viktring, the Hermagoras Association increased the offer to 7 million, and the Republic of Austria finally got on with 7.1 million. The Cistercian monument was out of the headlines.
The Viktring property of the Princes of Liechtenstein had been answered in 1963 for Aloisia Miller-Aichholz.
Viktring as a school
In 1976 the Bundesrealgymnasium Klagenfurt-Viktring was located in the monastery building, with special attention to the musical education. Today 32 classes with 100 teachers and 900 students are housed there. In connection with the school, the Viktring Music Forum was initiated with its annual events.
photos
East view
Arcaded courtyard
Marienbrunnen in Marienhof
Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ^ Leopold Janauschek: Originum Cisterciensium Tomus Primus , Vienna 1877, p. 68.
- ^ Otto Reisinger: From Viktring's past . Published by the municipality of Viktring in 1972
- ^ A b Anton Kreuzer: Viktring and its surroundings. The XIII. Borough . Kreuzer-Buch, Klagenfurt 2010
literature
- DEHIO Carinthia. Topographical inventory of monuments , pp. 997–1004. Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X
- KK Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Art and Historical Monuments: Art Topography of the Duchy of Carinthia , Vienna, 1889, p. 321; Pp. 362-370.
- Viktring Abbey 1142 - 1992. Commemorative publication on the 850th anniversary of the founding of the monastery , Klagenfurt 1992.
- Magda Roscher: History of the Viktring Cistercian Abbey in Carinthia from 1142 to 1534. , Dissertation Vienna 1953.
- Heinz Dopsch: The founders came from the Rhine. The Spanheimers as donors of St. Paul. In: Treasury of Carinthia, Volume Contributions , Klagenfurt 1991.
- Waltraud Krassnig: The last Cistercians of the Viktring monastery, which was abolished in 1786. Dissertation Graz 1985.
- Anton Kreuzer: Viktring and its surroundings. The XIII. Borough . Kreuzer-Buch, Klagenfurt 2010.
- Anton Kreuzer: Where monks once lived - The Viktring Cistercian monastery Maria vom Siege . Klagenfurt 2011.
- Otto Reisinger: From Viktring's past . Published by the municipality of Viktring, Viktring 1972.
- Joachim Eichert / Wilhelm Wadl: The history of the Seebacher family on the Sarnighube in Seebach 1 , compiled in 2004 (KLA).
- Edith Pergelier and Mauricio Pergelier : Historical Organs of the Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt , pp. 13-16, Klagenfurt.
- Rudolf Flotzinger : Viktring. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7001-3067-8 .
Web links
- Parish Viktring Abbey
- The Bundesrealgymnasium Klagenfurt-Viktring
- Entry via Viktring to Burgen-Austria
- Federal Monuments Office via Viktring Abbey