Striped bass
The striped perch is the cross product between rock perch ( Morone saxatilis ) and white perch ( Morone chrysops ) and is a popular food fish .
description
Striped perch are compact, relatively high-backed fish, which with their silvery body color are very similar to the white perch. They have dark stripes on the flanks. The hybrids differ externally of the parent animals by the broken horizontal stripes on the sides. Your teeth sit at the base of the tongue, where they are arranged in two parallel rows. The fish reach an average weight of 1.5 kg up to 12 kg under ideal living conditions.
Occurrence and habitat
Hybridized striped bass are found in rivers as well as in lakes and reservoirs in the United States where they were introduced through restoration measures. But they can also be cultivated very well in larger irrigation ponds. In the United States, striped bass is mainly produced in the states of Mississippi , North Carolina , Texas , Florida , Louisiana, and South Carolina . Also in Virginia , Georgia , California and Pennsylvania . Hybridized strip perch as “laboratory crossbreeds” do not occur in the wild. Nevertheless, they show an anadromous migratory behavior like their parent animals, which begin their spawning migrations on the coastal currents of the US east coast. Striped bass, both freshwater - brackish and - seawater tolerate. Animals trapped in a freshwater system migrate from the lake into the river and spend their main life cycle in the larger body of water, with the flowing waters serving as a spawning zone.
Way of life
Striped bass are large, fish-eating predatory fish that specialize in catching their prey in open and medium water, e. B. to hunt the herring species Dorosoma cepedianum as preferred prey . Seagulls circling close to the surface of the water can indicate predatory striped bass. Striped perch are very temperature-resistant (water temperatures between 4 ° C and 33 ° C) and show a high growth potential. The feed quotient is very low when using one kilo of feed for 1 kg of fish and is one of the most efficient in aquaculture.
Economical meaning
The breeding and production of the strip perch, engl. Hybrid Striped Bass, began in the United States in the 1960s . The fish species is now kept in aquacultures in Israel , Italy , Turkey , Taiwan , and also in Germany and Denmark . Both perch species from the family of sea bass (Moronidae) were crossed in order to combine certain properties such as a certain flexibility in environmental conditions, wide temperature range in the water, rapid growth, disease tolerance and accelerated sexual maturity. The hybrids, which are ready for the market after 18–24 months, are created by fertilizing White Bass ( Morone chrysops ) eggs with sperm from male Striped Bass ( Morone saxatilis ). The product of these parent fish is also known as Sunshine Bass or Reciprocal Cross Hybrid Striped Bass. If the parent of the cross is a female of the Striped Bass species, the hybrid is called Palmetto Bass, if the female is a White Bass then the cross product is called Sunshine Bass. Alternatively, the term wiper appears.
In 1997, fish farms sold five million pounds of hybrid bass for $ 12.5 million in sales. The annual growth is given at a rate of 10 to 15%. n In 1987 400,000 pounds and in 2001 10.6 million pounds of striped perch were produced.
Production in Germany
Fingerlings and young fish are mostly obtained from Israel, where striped perch are produced in RAS (Recirculation Aquaculture Systems) for export . So far, striped perch have only been bred in closed water systems in some of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania's pond farms, so that the risk of spreading into wild waters is minimized. Furthermore, the possibility of rearing striped perch hybrids in ponds is being investigated in a pilot facility in Saxony (teaching and experimental pond facility of the Saxon State Institute for Agriculture in Königswartha). Peitzer Edelfisch GmbH has also specialized in the production of striped perch. The striped perch is also becoming increasingly important as a fishing rod in Europe, as it is much larger than the river perch native to Europe and, as a predatory fish, is much more aggressive and active than its relative.
Hybridized strip perch as a neozoon
The first fears of the nature conservation association that this hybrid could spread in the wild and displace native fish species were presented as unfounded, as it was assumed that pike and catfish are predators of perch and that a natural reproduction of striped perch is almost impossible under the given climatic conditions . However, in 2007 Andreas Müller-Belecke from the Institute for Inland Fisheries in Potsdam-Sacrow observed spawning of the fish even under Brandenburg conditions and thus determined that the fish species was able to reproduce in Germany, which contradicts the scientists' initial hypothesis. It is therefore feared that the local fish fauna will be significantly impaired by the rather aggressive predatory fish should they end up in the wild. A first fully grown specimen was caught in the Senftenberger See in the same year without a conclusive explanation for its origin.
Web links
Notes and individual references
- ↑ a b Hybrid Striped Bass. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center ( August 14, 2012 memento in the Internet Archive ).
- ^ A b University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Hybrid Striped Bass Option
- ^ Margaret Lougheed, Bill Nelson: Hybrid Striped Bass Production, Markets and Marketing. North Central Regional Aquaculture Center Michigan State University ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 191 kB)
- ↑ "landlocked system"
- ^ Agricultural Marketing Resource Center
- ↑ Lexicon of aquaculture technology profile strip perch
- ↑ engl. reciprocally crossed striped perch
- ↑ Palmetto : City in Florida , USA
- ↑ ODNR Division of Wildlife - A to Z Species Guide - Fish - Hybrid Striped Bass
- ↑ Southern Region Aquaculture Center Hybrid Striped Bass: Fingerling Production in Ponds ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hybrid Striped Bass - ( Moron saxatilis X Moron chrysops )
- ↑ Fischer and Teichwirt 57 (7), 2006.
- ↑ Homepage of Peizter Edelfisch GmbH
- ↑ Fishing in the brown coal country, pond farming in the Lausitz. Deutschlandradio Kultur , June 27, 2007.
- ↑ Will the striped bass, a strange predator, threaten eel and carp soon? Berliner Zeitung , September 13, 2007.
literature
- JC Avise, MJ van den Avyle: Genetic analysis of reproduction of hybrid white bass x striped bass in the Savannah River. In: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 1984, 113, pp. 563-570.
- JD Bayless: Artificial propagation and hybridization of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). South Carolina Wildlife and Marine resources Department, Columbia 1972.