Svein Rosseland
Svein Rosseland (born March 31, 1894 in Kvam , Hardanger region , Norway , † January 19, 1985 in Bærum ) was a Norwegian astrophysicist and pioneer of theoretical astrophysics.
Rosseland attended school in Haugesund and studied from 1917 at the University of Oslo . After only three semesters he left the university and became an assistant to Vilhelm Bjerknes at the Geophysical Institute Bergen, the " Bergen School " ( Bergensskolen inside meteorologi ). In 1920 he moved to the Physics Institute (now the Niels Bohr Institute ) in Copenhagen . He spent 1924–1926 as a Rockefeller Fellow at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena. In 1927 he obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Oslo.
From 1928 to 1964 he was a professor at the University of Oslo. In 1934 he built the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics Institutt for Teoretisk Astrofysikk , which he subsequently headed. In 1938 he designed the Oslo Analyzer , at times the most powerful differential analyzer . When the Germans invaded, he fled to the USA and became a professor at Princeton University . In 1943 he went to London, where he worked on the development of radar and researched underwater explosions. He was an advisor to the US Time Corporation and did military research at Columbia University in the final year of the war .
In 1946 he returned to Norway. 1948 participated in the establishment of the institute for energy technology Institutt for energiteknikk . Around 1955 he was the driving force behind the founding of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences and the Solar Observatory in Harestua Solobservatoriet på Harestua . The asteroid (1646) Rosseland is named after him.
Rosseland was Norway's first representative on the Council of the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN .
Web links
- Svein Rosseland on snl.no in the store norske leksikon (Norwegian)
- Publications by S. Rosseland in the Astrophysics Data System
- E. Jensen: Svein Rosseland. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 27 (1986), No. 3, pp. 512-514 (obituary, English)
supporting documents
- ^ PA Holst: Svein Rosseland and the Oslo analyzer. In: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 18, pp. 16-26, doi: 10.1109 / 85.539912 .
- ^ Gunnar Randers, Martin Schwarzschild: Professor Svein Rosseland . tape 9 . Astrophisica Norvegica, 1964, p. 7 (English, harvard.edu ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Rosseland, Svein |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Norwegian astrophysicist and pioneer of theoretical astrophysics |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 31, 1894 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kvam , Hardanger region , Norway |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 19, 1985 |
| Place of death | Bærum , Norway |