Zvezda

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Zvezda / DOS-8
ISS Zvezda module.jpg
Zvezda module with a docked Progress transporter, captured by STS-106
Space station: International space station
Start date: July 12, 2000
Launcher: Proton-K
Coupling: July 26, 2000
Dimensions: 19.1 t
Length: 13.1 m
Diameter: 4.15 m
Adjacent modules
Flight direction
Triangle Up.svg
  Zarya
Triangle Left.svg Zenith / Nadir Triangle Right.svg
─ Poisk / Pirs / Nauka ─
Triangle Down.svg
  ─

Zvezda ( Russian Звезда for star ) or DOS-8 ( Russian ДОС, Долговременная орбитальная станция , Dolgowremennaja orbital well stanzija for "long-term orbital station"), the Russian residential and navigation module is the International Space Station (ISS), built by RKK Energia . The module was originally intended for the Mir and Mir-2 . The launch took place on July 12, 2000 with a Proton-K launcher from Baikonur. Afterwards Zvezda controlled the third module with its own engines for already in orbit Zarya - Unity -Verbund.

description

Zvezda is about 13.1 meters long, has a maximum diameter of 4.15 meters, a mass of almost 19.1 tons and is a modified version of the base module of the Mir space station.

Zvezda consists of three compartments. The spherical transition part is followed by the cylindrical main part and a likewise cylindrical, hermetically sealable stern section, which serves as an exit lock and storage space. In the middle part there are control devices, life support, toilet and shower facilities, the kitchen, exercise equipment and two sleeping cabins.

The module has four coupling units, three passive type “SSWP-M 8000” on the spherical transition part at the bow and one passive type “SSWP G4000” at the stern. There are also connections and pumps that forward the delivered fuel to the tanks of the Zarya module . Unmanned transporters ( Progress , formerly ATV ), which all have active coupling units of the type "SSWP G4000", dock here. However, manned Soyuz- type spacecraft can also dock. Such maneuvers are supported by the automatic course approach control systems and the manual TORU system . Freight spaceships can be manually remote-controlled from the TORU workstation in Zvezda. This was first practiced during the ISS expedition 1 on November 18, 2001 with the Progress M1-4, after automatic coupling did not work. Zvezda also has navigation lights .

Zvezda itself has two solar panels with an average electrical output of around five kilowatts and is equipped with an intelligent data management system developed in Germany .

Zvezda as part of the ISS

With the headboard, Zvezda was connected to the Zarya module, which had been in space since November 1998. At the pairing on July 26th, Zarya took over the active role in the final phase. Zvezda forms the stern of the space station when viewed in the direction of flight and can also use its engines to perform so-called reboost maneuvers to raise the orbit of the ISS or to fly evasive maneuvers for space junk. Usually, however, this is done by space transporters or spaceships coupled to the ISS in order to conserve the engines and fuel supplies of the ISS.

On June 8, 2001, an "internal space walk" was carried out on Zvezda as part of the ISS expedition 2 . The front section of the module with the two space travelers Juri Usachev and James Voss in their space suits was sealed off from the rest of the station and opened to space. The space travelers dismantled the (lower) nadir hatch cover from the inside and replaced it with a docking nozzle with a cone for the course docking system. It was the first ISS spacewalk that was carried out without the presence of the space shuttle. It was also one of the shortest spacewalks available at just 19 minutes .

According to the original plan, an energy supply module (NEM) with a lattice mast, eight solar cell surfaces (around 20 kilowatts of power) and a manipulator and a universal docking and storage module (UDM), in which additional life support facilities should be located. In 2001, both the energy supply module and the UDM were canceled and the number of planned solar cell surfaces halved. The NEM module was finally built and was named Rasswet . It was brought to the station with the shuttle mission STS-132 in 2010 and docked at the port on the nadir side of the Sarja module. A second Poisk coupling module is located on the upper (zenith-side) coupling nozzle of Zvezda , which docked in 2009. At the moment, the "lower" connection is occupied by the first Pirs coupling module (Docking Compartment 1), which is used both for docking incoming ships and as a pressure lock. It is expected that Pirs will be replaced by a larger Russian research module called Nauka in late 2020 .

In 2002, protective covers were delivered during the space shuttle mission STS-111 , which were attached to the module on August 16, 2002 during an exit. On August 26th, they worked outside again. So were u. a. Material samples from JAXA attached to the outside of Zvezda by Valeri Korsun and Sergei Treschtschow .

gallery

Web links

Commons : Zvezda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION STATUS REPORT # 01-18. NASA, June 8, 2001, accessed January 25, 2020 .
  2. ^ John Yembrick, Kyle Herring: NASA Sets Launch Dates for Remaining Space Shuttle Missions. NASA, July 7, 2008, accessed December 8, 2008 .
  3. ^ External control interface for European Robotic Arm. ESA, September 18, 2019, accessed on January 25, 2020 : "The launch of the 20-tonne MLM by Proton rocket is currently planned from Kazakhstan's Baikonour cosmodrome in December 2020"