Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi

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Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi , in the English spelling Syed Ahmad Barelvi (even in registered form Sayyid Ahmad Shahid , born in 1786 in Rae Bareli , Uttar Pradesh , India ,. Died in 1831 in Balakot , which today in the district of Mansehra in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan is ), was a Wahhabi- influenced Islamic reformer and leader of the revolutionary movement of the Muslims of northern India in the 1st third of the 19th century , the Tariqa-yi Muhammadiya ("Muhammadan Path") movement. He was the leader of battles against the British and the Sikhs .

Grave of Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi

His aim was to purify Islam from the shirk of the worship of saints and superstitious customs, which were particularly widespread in India , and to convert the Hindus .

He led his followers into the religious war ( jihad ) against the Sikhs in northern India and was killed in the fight against them in 1831. The "inner-Islamic religious movement aroused by him [continues] after his death in Indian Islam" (I. Goldziher).

He and his student Shah Ismail Shahid - who were qualified as " Wahhabis " by their opponents - had emerged from the Naqshbandi order , the reforms they introduced were under the influence of the Yemeni Ash-Shaukani (d. 1834).

Sayyid Aḥmad Barelwī made the pilgrimage to Mecca , where he became familiar with the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab and Salafism . In contrast to the Saudi Wahhabis, Barelwī did not reject Sufism and the belief in the intercession of the saints.

literature

  • Marc Gaborieau : Le Mahdi incompris. Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi (1786–1831) et le millénarisme en Inde. CNRS editions, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-271-06672-5 . ( Review by Hamit Bozarslan )
  • Marc Gaborieau: Le mahdi oublié de l'Inde britannique: Sayyid Ahmad Barelwî (1786–1831), ses disciples, ses adversaires. In: Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée. October 2000, pp. 91-94. (remmm.revues.org)
  • Ignaz Goldziher : Lectures on Islam. 2nd Edition. 1925 ( online version of a partial English translation of the text passage)
  • M. Ahmad : Saiyid Ahmad Shâhid: his Life and Mission. Academy of Islamic Research and Publications , Lucknow 1975, OCLC 611066777 .
  • A. Maiello: Sayyid Ahmad's Imamate According to Shâh Ismâ'îl Shâhîd. In: D. Bredi, G. Scarcia (dir.): Ex libris Franco Coslovi. (= Eurasiatica. No. 40). Université de Venise, 1996, OCLC 794833941 , pp. 251-264.
  • Q. Ahmad: Aḥmad Šahīd Barēlvī. ”(EIr) - Online at iranicaonline.org
  • Rudolph Peters: Renewal Movements in Islam from the 18th to the 20th Century and the Role of Islam in Modern History: Anti-Colonialism and Nationalism. In: Ende / Steinbach: Islam in the Present. Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-89331-625-6 , p. 90 ff.

Web links

References and footnotes

  1. ^ I. Goldziher, p. 284 f. and p. 384 (Notes)
  2. ^ I. Goldziher, p. 285.
  3. ↑ Shah Ismail Shaheed (1779–1831) - by I. Goldziher in the name form or spelling: Maulawi Ismāʿīl (author of the work Taqwiyat al-Īmān (Strengthening of Faith); see the English translation at islamhouse.com )
  4. ↑ Marc Gaborieau: Le sous-continent india. In: Alexandre Popovic, Gilles Veinstein (eds.): Les Voies d'Allah. Les ordres mystiques dans la monde musulman des origines à aujourd'hui. Fayard, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-213-59449-X , p. 293. - Cf. samaj.revues.org (review by Hamit Bozarslan ) on Marc Gaborieau (2010): his master Abdul Aziz, who initiated him into no less than three brotherhoods (naqshbandiyya, qadiriyya and chishiyya). (On the Indian theologian Shah Abdul Aziz (1746–1824), the son of Shah Waliullah , see islamicus.org: ABD AL-AZIZ, SHAH & the article by Muhammad Khalid Masud (Islamabad), In: Jamal Malik (ed.) : Perspectives of Mutual Encounters in South Asian History 1760-1860. Brill, Leiden 2000. ( Partial view in the Google book search))
  5. ↑ Marc Gaborieau: Le sous-continent india. In: Alexandre Popovic, Gilles Veinstein (eds.): Les Voies d'Allah. Les ordres mystiques dans la monde musulman des origines à aujourd'hui. Fayard, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-213-59449-X , p. 293; see. I. Goldziher, p. 285.
  6. ↑ Aydın Arif oğlu Əlizadə: Wahhabis in: Islamskij ėnciklopedičeskij slovar. Ansar, Moscow 2007, ISBN 978-5-98443-025-8 . (Russian)
  7. ↑ Ludwig W. Adamec: Historical Dictionary of Islam. 2nd Edition. 2009, p. 54.
personal data
SURNAME Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Barelwī, Sayyid Aḥmad; Sayyid Aḥmad Shahīd; Syed Ahmed Barelvi; Sayyid Ahmad Barelwî; Sayyid Aḥmad Shahīd; Syed Ahmad Barelvi; Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi; Saiyid Aḥmad Bārelavī; Saiyid Aḥmad Bārelvī; Saiyid Aḥmad Bārelavī; Saiyid Aḥmad Bārelvī; Saiyid Aḥmad Shahīd; Sayyid Ahmad; Syed Ahmad Shaheed; Saiyid Aḥmad Shahīd; Saiyid Ahmad Barelwī; Sajjid Aḥmed from Barēli; Sayyid Ahmad of Rāi Barēli; Syed Ahmad Shaheed (of Rae Bareli); Syed Ahmed Barelvi; Aḥmad Šahīd Barēlvī; 塞 义德 · 艾哈迈德
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Islamic reformer and leader of the Tariqa-yi Muhammadiya movement
DATE OF BIRTH 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Rāe Bareli , Uttar Pradesh , India
DATE OF DEATH 1831
Place of death Balakot