Synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse Munich

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The synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse Munich is a former synagogue in Munich . The building is in the Isarvorstadt near Gärtnerplatz . From 1947 until the opening of the new Ohel Jakob synagogue in 2007, it was Munich's main synagogue.

Location and structure

The building, a work by Gustav Meyerstein (1889–1975), is located in the back yard of Reichenbachstrasse 27. With a length of 27 meters, width of 14 meters and height of 8 meters, the three-aisled building offered space for 850 people. At the time the synagogue was built in 1931, the Kaiblmühlbach flowed past the rear of the adjoining courtyard, so that Taschlich could be made there. The building is now a listed building .

history

Opening circumstances

After the beginning of the 20th century, many Jews from the east , Austria-Hungary and Russia immigrated to Munich. After the First World War , many more emigrants from the Soviet Union came , so that the proportion of so-called Eastern Jews in the Jewish community was around a quarter. This group of Jews had their own sense of togetherness and their own forms of piety - and initially, since they were not German citizens, they had no right to vote for the board of directors of the Israelite religious community . As early as 1914, the East Jewish associations Linath Hazedek (“Place of Law”) and Agudas Achim (“Union of Brothers”) operated a prayer room on Reichenbachstrasse. In 1921, both associations jointly bought the building at Reichenbachstrasse 27 from Schwabinger Brauerei AG and from then on used the rear building as a prayer room. At the beginning of the 1930s, 2,300 Jews from the east lived in Munich, so that a new synagogue was necessary, in which the religious community participated.

At the opening on September 5, 1931, the rabbis of all three major Jewish groups spoke in Munich: Samuel Wiesner, the rabbi of the new East Jewish synagogue, Ernst Ehrentreu from the old synagogue Ohel Jakob and the community rabbi Leo Baerwald from the main synagogue at the time . With the newly opened synagogue, there were now three large synagogues in Munich. The largest daily newspaper in Munich, the Münchner Neuesten Nachrichten , did not report on the opening. The Eastern Jews called their synagogue Reichenbachschul (from the Yiddish word Schul for synagogue).

Devastation and a new beginning

During the November pogroms of 1938 the synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse was devastated on the night of the 9th to the 10th; the fire brigade prevented them from being set on fire because they feared the fire would spread to neighboring buildings. Since the other two synagogues were also destroyed, the Jewish community had to seek refuge in a former tobacco factory on Lindwurmstrasse . A prayer room in the former machine house existed there until June 1942. The synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse was bombed to ruin during World War II .

After the liberation from National Socialism , the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde was re-established in 1945. In 1946 there were again 2,800 Jews living in Munich. The synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse was restored and ceremoniously reopened on May 20, 1947 in the presence of Military Governor Lucius D. Clay and other representatives of the American military government as well as the Bavarian state government , the city ​​administration and the Christian denominations. There were many displaced persons among the members of the new Jewish community ; the prayer order of the new prayer book corresponded to the Eastern Jewish rite, the same that was practiced there after the synagogue was built in the 1930s.

Time as the main synagogue

After the Second World War, the synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse was the main synagogue of the Israelite religious community in Munich and Upper Bavaria . After the dissolution of the Soviet Union , many Jews again immigrated from Eastern Europe. The synagogue no longer offered enough space for the 10,000 Jews in Munich (as of 2005).

Since the opening of the new Munich main synagogue Ohel Jakob on St.-Jakobs-Platz in 2007, the synagogue on Reichenbachstraße has not been used as such. After the Israelite religious community had moved, the liberal Beth Shalom community wanted to buy the synagogue. But this did not happen.

attacks

On February 13, 1970, an arson attack, which has not yet been resolved, was carried out on the old people's home of the Kultusgemeinde, located in the front building at Reichenbachstrasse 27 , which killed seven residents. In February 2020, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the attack, a container with photographs and information about the attack, as well as a list of those murdered, was set up on the neighboring Gärtnerplatz .

In June 1970 there was another anti-Semitic attack when strangers broke into the synagogue and desecrated the Torah scroll and other cult objects.

rabbi

Associations Linath Hazedek and Agudas Achim

  • Samuel Wiesner

Newly founded congregation from 1947

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Martin Arz : The Isarvorstadt. Gärtnerplatz, Glockenbach and Schlachthof districts . Hirschkäfer Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-940839-00-8 .
  2. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation: Bayernviewer-denkmal ( Memento of the original from December 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 24, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / geodaten.bayern.de
  3. ^ Elisabeth Angermair: A self-confident minority (1892-1918) , in: Richard Bauer and Michael Brenner (eds.): Jüdisches Leben. From the Middle Ages to the present. . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54979-9 , pp. 110-136
  4. ↑ Andreas Heusler: Persecution and Destruction (1933-1945) , in: Richard Bauer and Michael Brenner (ed.): Jüdisches Leben. From the Middle Ages to the present. . CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54979-9 , pp. 161-184
  5. ↑ Shalom Ben-Chorin : The third temple , in: Hans Lamm: Past days. Jewish culture in Munich . Oldenbourg, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7844-1867-8 , pp. 443-445
  6. ↑ Michael Brenner : Departure into the Future (1970-2006). In: Richard Bauer , ders. (Ed.): Jewish Munich. From the Middle Ages to the present. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-54979-9 , pp. 209-226, here p. 209.

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 50.3 "  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 35.7"  E