Synaxis

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Icon with the Synaxis of the Theotokos ( Pskov , 15th century).

Synaxis ( medium Greek Σύναξις ; Kirchenslawisch : Собор, Sobor ) is in the Eastern Christendom (the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church Uniate Eastern Churches ) an assembly for liturgical purposes, usually to the celebration of Vespers , Matins and Divine Liturgy .

Holiday

In Constantinople , the clergy and the faithful often gathered for a liturgical ceremony on feast days at a church dedicated to the respective saint on the feast day. Such an assembly was called synaxis (plural synaxeis ). The synaxeis were later equipped with liturgies specially written for the respective feast day. A synaxis often takes place on the following day of a major festival in honor of the saints who participated as secondary characters in this festive mystery. For example, services on Epiphany (the revelation of the Holy Trinity of Trinitas on the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River ) were held in Hagia Sophia ; the next day a synaxis was held in honor of St. John the Baptist at the church dedicated to him. Over time, the Synaxeis spread and are celebrated in every church today. The naming of the saints of Synaxis in the liturgy occurs in the Synaxarion .

Synaxis can also mean the common memory of several saints, such as B. the Synaxis of the Seventy Disciples . Each apostle has his own individual saint's day, but all of them are remembered at the synaxis.

Most Synaxeis are always held on the same day around the fixed festivals of the Orthodox calendar, others always take place on the Sunday after the specific date. Other Synaxeis are celebrated in the Easter cycle and therefore move back and forth in the calendar in line with Easter .

The different dates

Synaxeis according to the Byzantine rite

The following synaxes are universally observed in the Byzantine rite :

  • Synaxis of the Theotokos on December 26th
  • Synaxis of the Trailblazer on January 7th
  • Synaxis of the Seventy on January 4th
  • Synaxis of the Three Great Hierarchs on January 30th
  • Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel on March 26th and July 13th
  • Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles on June 30th 30th
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Second Ecumenical Council on May 22nd
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Fifth Ecumenical Council on July 25th
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Third Ecumenical Council on September 9th
  • Synaxis of Archangel Michael and the other incorporeal powers on November 8th
  • Synaxis of the incorruptible on November 1st
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council on the Sunday before Pentecost and on May 29th
  • Synaxis of All Saints' Day on the Sunday after Pentecost
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council on Sunday of or after October 8th
  • Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Sixth Ecumenical Council on January 23rd

Synaxes in local customs

There are also Synaxeis, based on local customs:

  • Synaxis of the Saints of Belarus
  • Synaxis of the Saints of North America on the second Sunday after Pentecost
  • Synaxis of all saints from Pskov on the third Sunday after Pentecost
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Kostroma on January 23rd
  • Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Novgorod on February 10th, October 4th, and the third Sunday after Pentecost
  • Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Lavra Caves on the second Sunday of the Great Fast
  • Synaxis of Rostov and Yaroslavl on May 23rd
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Ryzan on June 10th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Siberia on June 10th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Vladimir on June 23rd
  • Synaxis of the Radonezh Saints on July 6th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Solovki Monastery on August 9th
  • Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Far Caves in Kiev on August 28th
  • Synaxis of the Serbian Hierarchs on August 30th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Tula on September 22nd
  • Synaxis of All Saints of Alaska September 24th
  • Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Near Caves in Kiev on September 28th
  • Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Kazan on October 4th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Volhynia on October 10th
  • Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of Optina on October 11th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Georgia on December 11th
  • Synaxis of all saints of Serbia on August 28th
  • Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Moscow on October 5th
  • Synaxis of All Saints of Moscow on the Sunday before August 26th
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Smolensk the next Sunday July 23rd
  • Synaxis of the Saints of Tver the next Sunday July 3rd

Assembly

A synaxis is a group of ecclesiastical dignitaries - especially in the Orthodox Church - who would otherwise form a synod if no presiding patriarch presides over the meeting.

Since they did not recognize the supremacy of the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople after the Council of Florence , the clergy who rejected the council and the church union agreed upon there were called the synaxis. Among them, the best known and most influential was the monk Gennadios, better known as Georgios Scholarios , who later became the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E.g. are mentioned in Orthros on the first three working days of Holy and High Week (Holy Week) : on Monday Joseph and the barren fig tree, on Tuesday the ten virgins from the Gospel and on Wednesday the sinner who anointed Jesus' feet with Myron.
  2. ^ Synaxis of the Theotokos (accessed May 30, 2012)
  3. ^ Synaxis of the Trailblazer (accessed on May 30, 2012)
  4. ^ Synaxis of the Seventy Disciples (accessed May 30, 2012)
  5. ↑ Synaxis of the Three Great Hierarchs (accessed May 30, 2012)
  6. ^ Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel (accessed May 30, 2012)
  7. ↑ [1] (accessed on May 30, 2012)
  8. ^ Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles (accessed May 30, 2012)
  9. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Second Ecumenical Council (accessed May 30, 2012)
  10. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Fifth Ecumenical Council (accessed May 30, 2012)
  11. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Third Ecumenical Council (accessed May 30, 2012)
  12. ↑ Synaxis of Archangel Michael and the other disembodied powers (accessed May 30, 2012)
  13. ↑ Synaxis of the Holy Incorruptible (accessed May 31, 2012)
  14. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council (accessed May 31, 2012)
  15. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council on (accessed May 31, 2012)
  16. ^ Synaxis of All Saints' Day (accessed May 31, 2012)
  17. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Seventh Ecumenical Council (accessed May 31, 2012)
  18. ^ Synaxis of the Holy Fathers of the Sixth Ecumenical Council (accessed May 31, 2012)
  19. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Belarus (accessed May 31, 2012)
  20. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of North America (accessed May 31, 2012)
  21. ^ Synaxis of all saints from Pskov (accessed May 31, 2012)
  22. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Kostroma (accessed May 31, 2012)
  23. ↑ Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Novgorod (accessed May 31, 2012)
  24. ^ Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Lavra Caves (accessed May 31, 2012)
  25. ^ Synaxis of Rostov and Yaroslavl (accessed May 31, 2012)
  26. ↑ Synaxis of the Saints of Ryzan (accessed May 31, 2012)
  27. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Siberia (accessed May 31, 2012)
  28. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Vladimir (accessed May 31, 2012)
  29. ↑ Synaxis of the Radonezh Saints (accessed May 31, 2012)
  30. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of the Solovki Monastery (accessed May 31, 2012)
  31. ^ Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Far Caves in Kiev (accessed May 31, 2012)
  32. ^ Synaxis of the Serbian Hierarchs (accessed on May 31, 2012)
  33. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Tula (accessed May 31, 2012)
  34. ^ Synaxis of All the Saints of Alaska (accessed May 31, 2012)
  35. ^ Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Near Caves in Kiev (accessed May 31, 2012)
  36. ↑ Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Kazan (accessed May 31, 2012)
  37. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Volhynia (accessed May 31, 2012)
  38. ^ Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of Optina (accessed May 31, 2012)
  39. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Georgia (accessed May 31, 2012)
  40. ^ Synaxis of all the saints of Serbia (accessed May 31, 2012)
  41. ^ Synaxis of the Hierarchs of Moscow (accessed May 31, 2012)
  42. ^ Synaxis of the Saints of Smolensk (accessed May 31, 2012)