Ishëm

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Ishëm
Ishmi
Map with the upper reaches Tërkuza, Tirana and Lana (from top to bottom) as well as ores at the bottom of the picture

Map with the upper reaches Tërkuza , Tirana and Lana (from top to bottom) as well as ores at the bottom of the picture

Data
location Albania
River system Ishëm
origin as Gjola from the confluence of Tirana and Tërkuza
41 ° 27 ′ 24 ″  N , 19 ° 41 ′ 40 ″  E
muzzle in the Rodon Bay of the Drin Gulf Coordinates: 41 ° 34 ′ 40 "  N , 19 ° 33 ′ 26"  E 41 ° 34 ′ 40 "  N , 19 ° 33 ′ 26"  E

length 79 km including the longest headwaters
Catchment area 673 km²
Outflow
A Eo : 673 km²
at the mouth 		MQ
Mq
 		20.9 m³ / s
31.1 l / (s km²)
Mouth of the Ishëm (from left) at Cape Rodon

Mouth of the Ishëm (from left) at Cape Rodon

Canyon of the Tirana River north of the Dajti

Canyon of the Tirana River north of the Dajti

The Ishëm River ( also Ishmi in Albanian ) drains the landscape north of the Albanian capital Tirana . Its length is given as 74 kilometers and 79 kilometers respectively. Its actual length is actually only a third of that, since only the lower reaches bears this name.

The Ishëm is made up of various rivers, all of which have their source northeast of Tirana in the Skanderbeg Mountains behind the Kruja chain . These are essentially:

  • The Tirana River (Lumi i Tiranës) , which has its source northeast of Mount Dajti , is the largest tributary of the Ishëm. In a narrow gorge ( Shkalla Tujanit ) it breaks through the chain of margins north of the Dajtis. It then emerges into the plain of Tirana , which it crosses in its full width to the west. The city of Tirana extends from the south to its wide, but mostly almost dry river bed. At the western edge of the plain, the river joins its main tributary, the Lana , which rises on the western flank of the Dajti and flows south of the Lumi i Tiranës through the center of Tirana to the west. The river then runs north.
  • The Tërkuza runs a little north of Lumi i Tiranës . It too rises east of the outer rim range. However , it is dammed in the Shkalle e Bovillës gorge , where it breaks through this marginal chain . The Bovilla reservoir behind it ensures Tirana's drinking water supply . The reservoir holds 8,000,000 m³ and has been in operation since December 1998. The Tërkuza crosses the great plain in a north-westerly direction, passing Tirana Airport .
  • The Zeza (black) rises east of Kruja . It also breaks through the rim chain in a gorge ( Shkalla e Kryemadhës ), emerges into the plain and flows in a north-westerly direction through Fushë-Kruja .

The combined river of Lumi i Tiranës and Tërkuza is Gjola called. After a few kilometers, the Zeza joins them. The river turns to the west and is henceforth called Ishëm. Following the western edge of the plain, the Ishëm then flows north-west towards the Adriatic . There is also a village of the same name in this area. Shortly before the estuary it takes in the Droja , a river that rises in the mountains northeast of Kruja. To the southwest of Laç , the Ishëm flows into the Rodon Bay , which is closed to the west by Cape Rodon and is part of the Drin Gulf .

The area drained by the Ishëm covers 673 square kilometers. The average flow rate at the mouth is 20.9 m³ / s, with the highest flow rate exceeding the annual minimum by six times.

The Ishëm and its tributaries Lana and Tirana are extremely polluted . Wastewater from the city of Tirana and industry is discharged into the rivers without being treated. The proportions of ammonium , nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter exceed in many measurements, the permissible EU - limits . At the mouth of the river, the river smells putrid and drains sewage, plastic and other waste from Tirana into the bay.

It is possible that the Lumi i Tiranës and the Zeza did not flow into the Ishëm in historical times, but were tributaries of the ore . It is believed that at that time they crossed the Tirana plain in a south-westerly direction, on the western edge of the plain the chain of hills broke through the two now almost threshold-free cuts of Vora (Zeza) and Yzberisht (Lumi i Tiranës) and thus reached the Valley of the Ores . Only subsidence in the Tirana plain caused the rivers to flow north.

The town of Bendensis, later Stephaniaka, was located at its mouth. It was the seat of the diocese of Benda .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Niko Pano: Pasuritë ujore të Shqipërisë . Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë , Tirana 2008, ISBN 978-99956-10-23-4 .
  2. ↑ a b Alqiviadh Cullaj, Agim Hasko, Aleko Miho, Ferdinand Schanz, Helmut Brandl, Reinhard Bachofen: The quality of Albanian natural waters and the human impact , in: Environment International 31 (2005)
  3. ↑ Malnor Kolaneci: Flood Risk in Albania , Worldbank 2000
  4. ↑ Monitoring and Conservation of Important Sea Turtle Feeding Grounds in the Patok Area of ​​Albania: Annual Report 2009. (PDF) In: Seaturtle.org. Mediterranean Association to Save the Sea Turtles (MEDASSET), December 2009, accessed December 29, 2015 .
  5. ^ Herbert Louis: Albania. A study of the country, primarily based on personal travels, Stuttgart 1927