Bovilla reservoir

Bovilla reservoir
	View from the south
Tributaries:	Tërkuza
Drain:	Tërkuza → Ishëm
Major cities nearby:	Kamza , Tirana , Kruja
	Albania
Coordinates	41 ° 26 '43 " N , 19 ° 52' 0" E Coordinates: 41 ° 26 '43 " N , 19 ° 52' 0" E
	Data on the structure
Lock type:	Debris Dam
Construction time:	1988-1998
Height of the barrier structure :	91 m
Height above the river bed :	53 m (originally)
Height of the structure crown:	321 m above sea level A.
Building volume:	650 000 m³
Crown length:	130 m
Crown width:	8 m
	Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination )	318 m above sea level A.
Water surface	4.6 km²
Storage space	80 000 000 m³
Catchment area	98 km²
Particularities:	Drinking water supply from Tirana
	Map of Tirana with the reservoir on the northern edge

The Bovilla Reservoir ( Albanian Ujëmbledhësi i Bovillës ) is a 4.6 square kilometer reservoir that provides most of the water for the drinking water supply of the Albanian capital Tirana . The reservoir is located in the Skanderbeg Mountains around 15 kilometers northeast of Tirana and southeast of Kruja .

The mountain incision with the reservoir behind it

In the Bovilla Reservoir , the Tërkuza River is dammed, a source river of the Ishëm , which drains the Tirana plain to the north. The Tërkuza rises east of the outer rim of the coastal ridge, which it crosses in the deep gorge Shkalle e Bovillës , which it crosses between the mountains Maja e Gomtitit ( 1268 m above sea level ) and the Mali i Bjeshit ( 1239 m above sea level ). has formed. The dam was built at the entrance to the gorge. The dam, built from a local conglomerate of gravel and sand, is 91 meters high and 130 meters long.

First construction began in 1988 but was interrupted after the collapse of communism. In October 1993 construction continued thanks to the support of the Italian state . After the end of the construction work in 1996, the lake was filled in 1998 and at the same time used for its purpose.

The water level varies by seven to ten meters over the course of the year, with the highest level in the rainy winter half-year. When measurements were taken between 2006 and 2008, the greatest water depth was around 45 meters. The difference to the original greatest water depth of 53 meters can be explained by sediments that were carried along by the rivers.

The Tërkuza delivers around 105,000,000 cubic meters of water per year from a catchment area of around 98 square kilometers. The annual consumption is an average of 78,000,000 cubic meters, which roughly corresponds to the content of the reservoir. The reservoir supplies up to 1,800 liters of drinking water per second (which corresponds to between 50 and 57 million m ³ per year) to the treatment plant via a steel pipeline . In addition to this surface water, Tirana's drinking water supply is also fed by natural underground springs and artesian springs to meet the estimated demand of 2.8 cubic meters per second (2009). An approximately ten kilometer long steel pressure pipe with a diameter of 90 centimeters connects the reservoir with the processing plant in Kodra Kuqe north of the capital. Some of the water from the reservoir is also used for irrigation.

The lake is located in the area of the Dajti National Park , a little south of the Qafë Shtama National Park . The rock walls around the gorge and the dam offer good opportunities for climbing . Bathing is prohibited in the drinking water reservoir. Only a few species of fish were found in the lake: the tailor (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and carp fish of the genus Barbus were the most common. Large specimens of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been caught by fishermen. The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) has been repeatedly exposed to improve the water quality.

Nine very remote villages with over 5000 inhabitants are scattered in the hills around the lake. The residents live primarily from agriculture. 400 families had to be resettled for the reservoir. They received replacements for their land, but there was fierce opposition.

In September 2001, the water from the Bovila reservoir was first found to have a bad odor and taste. As a result, the lake was extensively examined and basically good water quality was determined. The cause of the odor is suspected to be oxygen-dependent Actinobacteria and Streptomyces . The scientists proposed measures against the turbidity of the water before: reforestation measures against erosion , a protected area along the lake and cleaning of waste water of settlements and stables in the catchment area. In 2018, journalists complained that none of these measures had been implemented: there was still no waste and sewage disposal for the surrounding villages and erosion was still a problem.

literature

Aleko Miho, Alqiviadh Çullaj, Reinhard Bachofen (eds.): Bovilla (Albania) - Limnological Study / Studim Limnologjik . Julvin 2, Tirana 2009, ISBN 978-99956-14-29-4 ( researchgate.net ).

Web links

Commons : Bovilla Reservoir - collection of images, videos and audio files

Complex Hydrobiological Research on the Bovilla Reservoir in Albania ( Memento from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
SummitPost.org: Bovilla Gorge

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Migena Zagonjolli: Dam Break Modeling, Risk Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis for Flood Mitigation . Taylor & Francis Group, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-45594-7 ( repository.tudelft.nl [PDF; 9.8 MB ]).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Aleko Miho, Lulëzim Shuka, Alqiviadh Çullaj, Reinhard Bachofen: Environmental Analyzes of Bovilla Watershed (Albania) - An Overview . In: Aleko Miho, Alqiviadh Çullaj, Reinhard Bachofen (eds.): Bovilla (Albania) - Limnological Study . Julvin 2, Tirana 2009, ISBN 978-99956-14-29-4 ( ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES OF BOVILLA WATERSHED (ALBANIA) - AN OVERVIEW ( Memento of December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.4 MB ; accessed on August 2, 2016]). Environmental Analyzes of Bovilla Watershed (Albania) - An Overview ( Memento of the original from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b Parathënie / Preface . In: Aleko Miho, Alqiviadh Çullaj, Reinhard Bachofen (eds.): Bovilla (Albania) - Limnological Study . Julvin 2, Tirana 2009, ISBN 978-99956-14-29-4 ( Parathënie [PDF; 28 kB ]). Parathënie ( Memento of the original dated August 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b Albania Geoquest climbing guide. (PDF; 2.4 MB) Retrieved August 3, 2016 .
↑ Spase Shumka: Considerations about Fishes of the Bovilla Lake - An Overview . In: Aleko Miho, Alqiviadh Çullaj, Reinhard Bachofen (eds.): Bovilla (Albania) - Limnological Study . Julvin 2, Tirana 2009, ISBN 978-99956-14-29-4 ( CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT FISHES OF THE BOVILLA LAKE - AN OVERVIEW ( Memento of December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 141 kB ; accessed on August 2, 2016]). Considerations about Fishes of the Bovilla Lake - An Overview ( Memento of the original from December 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Steve Iatrou: 28 Albanians Arrested in Fight over Dam. In: OMRI Daily Digest II, No. 151. August 4, 1995, accessed April 22, 2012 .
↑ Antonio Çakshiri, Joel Çela, Lorin Kadiu: Lake Bovilla, endangered by erosion, polluted by sewage and waste. In: Albanian Center for Quality Journalism. April 13, 2018, accessed March 2, 2019 .

[zagonjolli-1] Migena Zagonjolli: Dam Break Modeling, Risk Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis for Flood Mitigation . Taylor & Francis Group, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-415-45594-7 ( repository.tudelft.nl [PDF; 9.8 MB ]).