Kamza
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Kamëz Kamza |
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Coordinates: 41 ° 23 ' N , 19 ° 46' E |
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| Basic data | |||
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| Qark : | Tirana | ||
| Municipality : | Kamza | ||
| Height : | 90 m above sea level A. | ||
| Area : | 37.18 km² | ||
| Residents : | 66,841 (2011) | ||
| Bashkia residents : | 104,190 (2011) | ||
| Population density (Bashkia): | 2802 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Telephone code : | (+355) 47 | ||
| Postal code : | 1030 | ||
| Politics and administration (as of 2019 ) | |||
| Mayor : | Rakip Suli ( PS ) | ||
| Website : | |||
| Culture and history | |||
| City foundation : | 1350 | ||
 town hall |
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Kamza ( Albanian also Kamëz ) is a suburb of Tirana and the sixth largest city in Albania . It is the second largest city in Tirana Qark with many slums. In 2011, the city had 66,841 inhabitants according to the census. According to its own information, the place has 86,472 inhabitants (2008);
The municipality ( komuna ) Paskuqan has also belonged to Kamza since 2015 . In 2011, Paskuqan Township had 37,349 residents. The new municipality has 104,190 inhabitants (as of 2011).
geography
Kamza is located in the Tirana plain between the Tirana River and the Tërkuza, two upper reaches of the Ishëm , around five kilometers northwest of Tirana, with the settlement areas merging today. They are only separated by the Tirana River , which forms the northern border of the capital and, over some sections, the southern border of Kamza.
The place Kamza can be roughly divided into three parts: The center is located furthest north in the plain between the two rivers Tërkuza and Tirana. A few prefabricated buildings are grouped around an urban square. Kodër-Kamza is two kilometers south on a small hill (Albanian: Kodër) that rises on the banks of the Tirana River. In between extends - partly in the hills to the east, partly on the plain - the new development area Bathore .
Paskuqan is located southeast of Kamza and borders Tirana to the north, only separated by the Tirana River. On the hill between Paskuqan and Kamza is the artificial lake of Paskuqan with around 170 hectares.
Officially, the community ( bashkia ) is divided as follows: City of Kamza, the unit Bathore, Paskuqan and the villages of Laknas , Valias , Valias i Ri , Frutikultura , Zall-Mner and Bulçesh .
history
Kamza has been continuously inhabited since around 1350. The name Kamza was first mentioned in 1431. The first school was opened in 1942.
Kamza was a small place during the communist system . Despite its proximity to Tirana, he was dominated by agriculture: A large cooperative , the coal mine of Valias and the higher Institute of Agriculture in Koder-Kamza - now the Agricultural University of Tirana - were located. In 1975 the population was around 6,000. With the opening of the coal mine in Valias, the town grew significantly. Workers from all over the country, but especially from Skrapar and Burrel , moved in. In addition, people lived here - in some cases without official permission - who had found work in Tirana but had not received a residence permit for the capital. In 1991, when the communist system in Albania was overthrown, Kamza had a population of 12,500.
After that, the place changed dramatically. Numerous migrants from rural areas of Albania settled on the undeveloped areas and built houses. Everyone hoped to find work in Tirana and to escape the poverty of rural Albania. Paskuqan experienced a similar development. The population exploded within a decade: in 1992 it had almost doubled to around 20,000, and in 1996 it was estimated to be twice as many: 45,000. In 2002 there were already over 53,000 inhabitants. With a current population of 66,841, the population has increased threefold in 36 years and has more than quintupled since the end of communism. Bathore , previously just a vast 400 hectare field, has become the country's largest slum . The occupants of the land often lacked it most, so that many only lived in the simplest huts. Basic infrastructure , such as water supply and disposal, electricity supply , schools, waste disposal and often even roads, was largely missing. The local authorities were overwhelmed by the situation. With international help, several urban development projects were started in Kamza from 1997, which aimed in particular at improving the infrastructure.
“Within Albania, there was a great exodus from the countryside, with many families from northern Albania occupying areas of the agricultural university and former large farms outside the gates of the capital. In a few years, urban areas developed around the former villages of Kamza and Bathore, which soon numbered several thousand inhabitants. In Bathore, families built their houses without water, electricity, sewerage or roads. For a long time the authorities had no control over the new urban centers. The population was forced to organize itself and traditions of northern Albanian customary law also gained importance in the newly created urban areas. "
A contract-based cooperation has existed with Jena in Thuringia since 2009, with support from Germany, for example, to set up a vocational school and to support the local government.
Social problems
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For comparison: the Bathore district in 2006 ...
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... and in 1994
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Many residents work as day laborers or in the construction industry. But not all newcomers are successful in Tirana. The poverty and poor living conditions therefore make Kamza a social hotspot . Most of the new residents, who almost without exception settled illegally, come from the mountainous areas of northern Albania and also brought their old customs such as the Kanun with them. In politically troubled times like 1991 and 1997, the agricultural college was repeatedly looted and set on fire.
More than a third of the residents are not of working age - the majority are children. The birth rate is five times higher than the death rate. 8,500 residents of Kamza - a tenth of the population - only used the place as a stopover and have since emigrated abroad.
In addition to the chaotic conditions in Kamza, one of the most important roads in the country, the main road from Tirana to northern Albania, also runs through the town. The road was far too narrow to serve as the main thoroughfare of such a large town. It was not expanded until 2005–07. A large part of the supraregional traffic now bypasses the place further west. In the future, the intended airport leading planned light rail to public transport improvements between Kamza and Tirana, the current public buses and private collective taxis is managed.
The infrastructure has improved significantly in the meantime. Roads and a cadastre were laid out. There is now a health center in Bathore. The whole community has seven kindergartens attended by 1,700 children, eight elementary schools (nine-year schools) , two secondary schools and one vocational school. More schools are to be built soon.
Sports
The local football club FC KAMZA was in 2011 for the first time in the highest league ascend plays since 2012 but again in the second division Kategoria e Pare . He plays his home games on the Fusha Sportive Kamëz .
literature
- Besnik Aliaj, Keida Lulo and Genc Myftiu: Tirana - The Challenge of Urban Development . Tirana 2003, ISBN 99927-880-0-3 .
- Dietmar Richter: Land use change in Tirana. Investigations using Landsat TM, Terra ASTER and GIS. (= Practice cultural and social geography; 42). Universitäts-Verlag, Potsdam 2007, ISBN 978-3-939469-64-3 ( full text )
Web links
- Institute for Habitat Development: Urban and Environmental Development in Kamza Municipality ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Urban management at community level (Success Story: Municipality of Kamza, Tirana District, Albania) ( Memento from February 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- "Bathore Beach" project (Italian)
- Our Man in Tirana: Local Elections in Kamëz
- Agricultural University of Tirana
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Ines Nurja: Censusi i popullsisë dhe banesave / Population and Housing Census - Tiranë 2011 . Results Kryesore / Main Results. Ed .: INSTAT . Pjesa / Part 1. Adel Print, Tirana 2013 ( instat.gov.al [PDF; accessed April 14, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c d e f g Bashkia Kamza (subpage "Historiku i Bashkisë Kamëz"). Retrieved January 4, 2009 .
- ↑ a b E ardhmja e liqenit të Paskuqanit. (No longer available online.) In: ABC News. May 19, 2012, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved September 8, 2015 (Albanian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Bashkia Kamza (subpage "Arsimi"). Retrieved January 4, 2009 .
- ^ Claudia Hanisch: Migration in Albania today. Influences of demographic developments and communist politics, Neukirchen 2004, p. 55f. (PDF; 450 kB) Retrieved April 25, 2013 .
- ↑ Institute for Habitat Development: Annual Report 2002 (excerpt) ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Mayor speaks about the cooperation between Jena and the Albanian Kamza. (No longer available online.) May 10, 2010, archived from the original on March 10, 2016 ; Retrieved April 13, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; A used car from Jena for Kamza. In: Germany Today. April 13, 2011, accessed April 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Urban management at community level (Success Story: Municipality of Kamza, Tirana District, Albania) ( Memento from February 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
