Valias

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Valias
Valiasi
Valias (Albania)
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Coordinates: 41 ° 24 '  N , 19 ° 44'  E

Basic data
Qark : Tirana
Municipality : Kamza
Height : 45  m above sea level A.
Telephone code : (+355) 47
Postal code : 1030

Valias ( Albanian  also  Valiasi ) is a village in the Albanian Bashkia  Kamza , Qark Tirana .

The village is located west of Kamza, only about one kilometer from the southern end of the Tirana  Airport area, on the plain between the Tirana rivers , which runs in the southwest, and Tërkuza a little further northeast at about 45  m above sea level. A. . It is around two and a half kilometers to the center of Kamza, and the center of Tirana is around 9.5 kilometers as the crow flies in the southeast. Valias and Kamza have practically grown together. The Rruga shtetërore SH1 , which connects Tirana with northern Albania, runs east of the village .

During communism, the village was part  of the Kamza Agricultural Cooperative . Vegetables and fruits were mainly grown around Valias.

On the western edge of the village is the former mine of Valias, where lignite was extracted. Together with Krraba south of Tirana, the second deposit in the Tirana Basin, Valias formed the most important coal-producing region in Albania. The lignite mining underground was taken 1978th The coal was mined at a depth of around 160 meters. The subsoil was unstable and difficult, and the quality was mixed so that mining was not profitable. The routes  had to be supported at great expense. A coal washer was attached to the mine . The coal was mainly used for power generation . The mine, like all coal mines in Albania, was closed in the early 1990s after the communist system collapsed and when the country went through a major economic crisis. Today nothing can be seen of the railroad tracks that used to open up the mine. There are no plans to reopen the mine.

The mine gained notoriety after the general dissatisfaction with the economic situation, the lack of fundamental changes and police violence broke out after the parliamentary elections in March . There was a nationwide general strike lasting several weeks . A hunger strike  by around 200 miners from Valias in the mine on May 25, 1991 was an example for many other workers, and protesters across the country were inspired by them. The strikers' resistance paralyzed the whole country, and on June 4, 1991 the incumbent government of Fatos Nano  resigned. A transitional government of national unity ruled the country for nine months until the next elections. Already in the protests on 21 February in 1991 in Tirana, as the statue of Enver Hoxha on the Skanderbeg Square was toppled, to a telegram from the miners from Valias where a hunger strike was announced, the crowd incited. A first strike in the Valias mines in January 1991 led to the establishment of the first independent union . 49 of the May 1991 strikers were honored in 1996 by Albanian President Sali Berisha  .

Remarks

  1. ↑ While Albanian sources consistently speak of hard coal (qymyrgur) , foreign sources repeatedly claim that it is lignite (Zickel / Iwaskiw 1994). There is no hard coal in Albania, but "some brown coal deposits [which] are of good quality and have a character similar to hard coal, [which is why] the literature very often mistakenly speaks of hard coal deposits"; the deposits in the Tirana basin are shiny coal  with a high calorific value (Karl Schappelwein: Bergbau und Energiewirtschaft . In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Albanien (=  Südosteuropa-Handbuch . Volume VII ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-36207-2 , pp. 386 . ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Official map 1: 50,000 of the military cartographic office of Albania, sheet K-34-125-C Shijaku , 2nd edition 1989.
  2. ↑ Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH (ed.): Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar . Tirana 1985, keyword Valias , p. 1151 .
  3. ↑ Sotir Guxha: Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar . Ed .: Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH. Tirana 1985, keyword Miniera e qymyrgurit e Valiasit , p. 708 .
  4. ↑ Arqile Bërxholi, Perikli Qiriazi: Albania. Geographical overview . 8 Nëntori, Tirana 1987.
  5. ↑ Walter G. Steblez: The Mineral Industry of Albania . In: United States Bureau of Mines, Geological Survey (Ed.): Minerals Yearbook 1978-79 . Volume III - Area Reports: International. Bureau of Mines, 1981, pp. 47 ( full text in Google Book Search).
  6. ↑ Haxhi Sauku, Thuma Korini: Valia Coal Mine - A Typical Case of Coal Mining in Squeezing Locks . Tirana ( org.tr [PDF; accessed on March 21, 2020]).
  7. ^ Raymond Zickel, Walter R. Iwaskiw: Albania. A Country Study . Ed .: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress . 2nd Edition. Washington 1994, p. 143 ( marines.mil [PDF; accessed on March 21, 2020]).
  8. ^ A. Halili, G. Muka: Features of Environmental Issues Related to Abandoned Mining Exploitations in Albania . In: Journal of International Environmental Application and Science . Volume 11, No. 4 , 2016, p. 376–383 ( jieas.com [PDF; accessed March 21, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Plani operacional i Zhvillimit Vendor - Bashkia Kamëz. (PDF) In: UNDP. March 2016, p. 11 , accessed March 24, 2020 (Albanian).
  10. ↑ Elez Biberaj: Albania in Transition: The Rocky Road To Democracy . Routledge, New York 2019, ISBN 978-0-429-97096-2 , pp. 101 .
  11. ↑ Miranda Vickers, James Pettifer: Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity . New York University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8147-8794-0 , pp. 65 .
  12. ↑ Shinasi A. Rama: The end of communist rule in Albania: political change and the role of the student movement . Routledge, New York 2019, ISBN 978-0-429-24299-1 , pp. 193 .
  13. ↑ Në të përkujtim 20 Shkurtit 1991 publikohet telegrami i minatorëve të Valiasit: Jemi me studentët, do fillojmë Greven e urisë Nen Toke (Dokumenti). In: newsbomb.al. February 20, 2020, accessed March 22, 2020 .
  14. ^ Michael Schmidt-Neke : Political System . In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Albanien (=  Südosteuropa-Handbuch . Volume VII ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1993, ISBN 3-525-36207-2 , pp. 233 .
  15. ↑ Më 16 Maj 1991 u shpall greva e përgjithshme, që nga përmasat ishte greva e parë më e madhe në historinë e popullit tonë, si edhe nga më të rrallat në botë me këtë shtrirje dhe kohëzgjatje. In: Bashkimi i Sindikatave të Pavarura të Shqipërisë. February 16, 2011, accessed March 21, 2020 (Albanian).
  16. ↑ Përparim Halili: Historia e 49 ish-grevistëve të Valiasit dhe medaljeve të tyre me peshë 4.5 kg flori. In: Gazeta Dita. May 27, 2014, accessed March 21, 2020 (Albanian).