Tirana (river)
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Tirana Tiranë |
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 Map with the Ishëm upper reaches Tërkuza, Tirana and Lana (from top to bottom) and ores at the bottom of the picture |
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| Data | ||
| location | Albania | |
| River system | Ishëm | |
| Drain over | Gjola → Ishëm → Adriatic Sea | |
| origin | Confluence of mountain streams 41 ° 24 ′ 19 ″ N , 20 ° 1 ′ 14 ″ E |
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| Source height | 1350 m above sea level A. | |
| Union | with the Tërkuza to Gjola coordinates: 41 ° 27 '23 " N , 19 ° 41' 40" O 41 ° 27 '23 " N , 19 ° 41' 40" O |
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| Mouth height | 11 m | |
| Height difference | 1339 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 27 ‰ | |
| length | approx. 50 km including the longest source river | |
| Left tributaries | Lana , Limuth | |
| Big cities | Tirana , Kamza | |
 Canyon of the Tirana River north of the Dajti |
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The Tirana River ( Albanian Lumi i Tiranës ) drains a large part of the area around the Albanian capital Tirana and is the largest and longest tributary in the Ishëm system .
course
The Tirana rises in the Skanderbeg Mountains northeast of Tirana. It forms near the village of Zall-Dajt north of the Dajti mountain ( 1613 m above sea level ) at around 370 m above sea level. A. from several streams. The longest of these is the Selita brook, which has its source on the steep western slopes of Mali me Gropa at around 1350 m above sea level. A. has. The mountain stream flows in the lower part in a wide, flat bed. The Tirana drains a large basin over seven kilometers wide and ten kilometers long behind the Dajti and other mountains of the coastal marginal mountains. The basin is part of the Dajti National Park .
In the narrow, deeply cut Shkalla Tujanit gorge , the Tirana breaks the chain between Dajti and Maja e Brarit ( 1214 m above sea level ). At the beginning of the gorge - after a small weir - the river passes a particularly narrow gorge . In the hilly foothills of the mountains, the Tirana takes the Linza brook on the left.
Then the river emerges into the plain of Tirana , which it crosses in its full width to the west, first in a wide, but mostly almost dry river bed, later in a narrow gorge. The city of Tirana is passed at its northern end: It spreads from the broad river bed to the south. North of Tirana near the village of Babruja, water was taken from the river, at least earlier, and fed to the Paskuqan reservoir via a canal and a tunnel . The city of Kamza passes the Tirana to the southwest.
On the western edge of the plain, the river joins the Limuth brook and its most important tributary, the Lana , which rises on the western flank of the Dajti and flows south of the Lumi i Tiranës through the center of Tirana to the west. The river then runs north, west past Tirana Airport and the village of Rinas .
Between Fushë-Preza and Fushë-Kruja , the Tirana joins the Tërkuza to form the Gjola River , which takes in the Zeza after around five kilometers and is henceforth called Ishëm . The confluence is 11 m above sea level. A.
Traffic routes and bridges
Rruga e Arbërit , which is under construction, runs through the gorge along the Tirana from the capital to Zall-Dajt and further out . Only here on the upper reaches is the river accompanied by traffic routes. Otherwise, there are no parallel traffic routes directly in the bank area, especially in the urban area of Tirana. However, there are plans by the Bashkia Tirana to transform the neglected and rubbish area by the river into a long park.
The first road crosses the Tirana at Zall-Dajt (road to Zall-Bastar). The road to Zall-Dajt crosses the river above the gorge, but runs along the north bank. At the lower exit of the gorge near the village of Ferraj is the historic Ottoman stone bridge Ura e Brarit . The road crosses the gorge below, for the Rruga e Arbërit another bridge was built a little further up.
On the north-eastern outskirts of Tirana, three more bridges lead over the river to the village of Babruja. A few kilometers to the west there is a bridge north of the center of the capital that connects Paskuqan with Tirana. The SH1 crosses the Tirana between Bregu i Lumit and Kamza . To the west of Kamza, another bridge connects the villages of Laknas and Valias - formerly a railway bridge to the Valias coal mine . An extension of this line used to lead west of Valias across the river - but today only individual concrete piers bear witness to this.
The closest bridges are those of the SH60 with an air distance of over four kilometers, which connect the airport from the south and west.
Shortly after the confluence with the Tërkuza, the SH52 crosses the course of the river (Ura e Gjolës) .
There are also several footbridges for pedestrians.
environmental pollution
“The current ecological situation of the urban Tirana River demonstrates waterways and aquifers, poor waste management, contaminated land, deforestation and sporadic urbanization. Ecologically it is poor. "
“The current ecological situation of the Tirana River shows watercourses and aquifers, poor waste management, contaminated land, deforestation and sporadic urbanization in urban areas. From an ecological point of view, [the location] is bad. "
The Ishëm and its tributaries Lana and Tirana are extremely polluted . Wastewater from the city of Tirana and industry is discharged into the rivers without being treated. The proportions of ammonium , nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter exceed in many measurements, the permissible EU - limits .
Before entering the urban area, the water is hardly polluted.
literature
- Aleko Miho, Margarita Hysko, S. Duka: First report of environmental assessment in Tirana river (place Bregu Lumit) . Tirana February 2010 ( iep-al.org [PDF; accessed on March 16, 2020]).
- Florian Nepravishta, Andrea Maliqari, Ani Cuedari: GrimShaw Proposal for Tirana River Shore Regeneration: Survival of the Waterfront . In: Applied Mechanics and Materials . No. 725-726 , January 2015, ISSN 1660-9336 , p. 1237-1243 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 16, 2020]).
- Julis Selamaj, Milidin Bakalli, Margarita Hysko: Monitoring of Tirana River and the Margin of Data in Urbanized and Non Rezidental Area . In: International Journal of Crop Science and Technology . Volume 2, No. 1 , 2016, ISSN 2458-7540 , p. 11–18 ( dergipark.org.tr [PDF; accessed on March 16, 2020]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Official map 1: 50,000 of the military cartographic office of Albania, sheet K-34-88-C Shijak , 2nd edition 1989.
- ↑ a b c d e f Niko Pano: Pasuritë ujore të Shqipërisë . Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë , Tirana 2008, ISBN 978-99956-10-23-4 .
- ↑ a b c Official map 1: 50,000 of the military cartographic office of Albania, sheet K-34-88-D Tirana e veriut , 3rd edition 1990.
- ↑ Duli Kasmi: Rrruga e Arbrit, Segment Tirana… Shkalla e Tujanit (from 0:04:35) on YouTube , March 18, 2020, accessed on March 23, 2020.
- ↑ Florian Nepravishta, Andrea Maliqari, Ani Cuedari: GrimShaw Proposal for Tirana River Shore Regeneration: Survival of the Waterfront . In: Applied Mechanics and Materials . No. 725-726 , January 2015, ISSN 1660-9336 , p. 1237-1243 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 16, 2020]).
- ↑ Florian Nepravishta, Andrea Maliqari, Ani Cuedari: GrimShaw Proposal for Tirana River Shore Regeneration: Survival of the Waterfront . In: Applied Mechanics and Materials . No. 725-726 , January 2015, ISSN 1660-9336 , p. 1238 ( researchgate.net [accessed March 16, 2020]).
- ↑ a b Alqiviadh Cullaj, Agim Hasko, Aleko Miho, Ferdinand Schanz, Helmut Brandl, Reinhard Bachofen: The quality of Albanian natural waters and the human impact , in: Environment International , Volume 31 (2005), No. 1, doi: 10.1016 /j.envint.2004.06.008